Population Structure and Distribution Patterns of the Sibling Mosquito Species Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium (Diptera: Culicidae) Reveal Different Evolutionary Paths

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

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Unravelling population structure heterogeneity within the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07722-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melina Campos ◽

Luisa D. P. Rona ◽

Katie Willis ◽

George K. Christophides ◽

Robert M. MacCallum

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Anopheles Gambiae ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Selective Sweeps ◽

Structure Heterogeneity ◽

Genomic Studies ◽

Time Required ◽

Genomic Regions

Abstract Background Whole genome re-sequencing provides powerful data for population genomic studies, allowing robust inferences of population structure, gene flow and evolutionary history. For the major malaria vector in Africa, Anopheles gambiae, other genetic aspects such as selection and adaptation are also important. In the present study, we explore population genetic variation from genome-wide sequencing of 765 An. gambiae and An. coluzzii specimens collected from across Africa. We used t-SNE, a recently popularized dimensionality reduction method, to create a 2D-map of An. gambiae and An. coluzzii genes that reflect their population structure similarities. Results The map allows intuitive navigation among genes distributed throughout the so-called “mainland” and numerous surrounding “island-like” gene clusters. These gene clusters of various sizes correspond predominantly to low recombination genomic regions such as inversions and centromeres, and also to recent selective sweeps. Because this mosquito species complex has been studied extensively, we were able to support our interpretations with previously published findings. Several novel observations and hypotheses are also made, including selective sweeps and a multi-locus selection event in Guinea-Bissau, a known intense hybridization zone between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii. Conclusions Our results present a rich dataset that could be utilized in functional investigations aiming to shed light onto An. gambiae s.l genome evolution and eventual speciation. In addition, the methodology presented here can be used to further characterize other species not so well studied as An. gambiae, shortening the time required to progress from field sampling to the identification of genes and genomic regions under unique evolutionary processes.

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Distribution patterns and population structure of Illex coindetii (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea: Historical series of 14 years trawl survey

Fisheries Research ◽

10.1016/j.fishres.2011.03.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 109 (2-3) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Perdichizzi ◽

Laura Pirrera ◽

Daniela Giordano ◽

Francesco Perdichizzi ◽

Barbara Busalacchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Trawl Survey ◽

Tyrrhenian Sea ◽

Historical Series ◽

Southern Tyrrhenian Sea

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Impact of temperature and nutrition on the toxicity of the insecticide λ-cyhalothrin in full-lifecycle tests with the target mosquito species Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens

Journal of Pest Science ◽

10.1007/s10340-014-0620-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 739-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Aljoscha Kreß ◽

Ulrich Kuch ◽

Jörg Oehlmann ◽

Ruth Müller

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Mosquito Species

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Satellite Imaging and Long-Term Mosquito Surveillance Implicate the Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Culex Vector Populations

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10090269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Eleanor N. Field ◽

Ryan E. Tokarz ◽

Ryan C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Management Practices ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Mosquito Surveillance

The ecology and environmental conditions of a habitat have profound influences on mosquito population abundance. As a result, mosquito species vary in their associations with particular habitat types, yet long-term studies showing how mosquito populations shift in a changing ecological landscape are lacking. To better understand how land use changes influence mosquito populations, we examined mosquito surveillance data over a thirty-four-year period for two contrasting sites in central Iowa. One site displayed increasing levels of urbanization over time and a dramatic decline in Culex pipiens group (an informal grouping of Culex restuans, Culex pipiens, and Culex salinarius, referred to as CPG), the primary vectors of West Nile virus in central Iowa. Similar effects were also shown for other mosquito vector populations, yet the abundance of Aedes vexans remained constant during the study period. This is in contrast to a second site, which reflected an established urban landscape. At this location, there were no significant changes in land use and CPG populations remained constant. Climate data (temperature, total precipitation) were compiled for each location to see if these changes could account for altered population dynamics, but neither significantly influence CPG abundance at the respective site locations. Taken together, our data suggest that increased landscape development can have negative impacts on Culex vector populations, and we argue that long-term surveillance paired with satellite imagery analysis are useful methods for measuring the impacts of rapid human development on mosquito vector communities. As a result, we believe that land use changes can have important implications for mosquito management practices, population modeling, and disease transmission dynamics.

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Influences of environmental variability on the population structure and distribution patterns of the short-fin squid Illex coindetii (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the Eastern Ionian Sea

Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean ◽

10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_6 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 71-90

Author(s):

Eugenia Lefkaditou ◽

Chrissi-Yianna Politou ◽

Andreas Palialexis ◽

John Dokos ◽

Panayota Cosmopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Ionian Sea

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Rafflesia patma Blume in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java: Population Structure, Distribution Patterns, and Environmental Influences

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/jtbb.64800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 64800

Author(s):

Bahana Aditya Adnan ◽

Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽

Purnomo Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Principal Component ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Survey Method ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

West Java ◽

Research Areas ◽

Morisita Index

Rafflesia patma is an endemic plant of Pangandaran, West Java which is protected because of its rare status. The purpose of this research is to study the population structure, distribution patterns, and the effect of the physical environment of abundance R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. The method used in this research was a survey method with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was conducted using quadrat plots. The population pattern distribution was defined by a standardized Morisita index, and the analysis of abiotic environmental factors was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3. The results showed that there were 114 R. patma individuals scattered in several research areas in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, they were Gua Parat (3 individuals), Cilegon (13 individuals), Pasir Putih (12 individuals), Badeto (48 individuals), and Curug Leutik (38 individuals). The distribution pattern of R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve was clustered with the Morisita index value (Id) > 1. Based on the PCA analysis, results that support the classification of the cluster analysis were obtained. Based on four abiotic environmental conditions analyzed, the most dominant character in influencing the distribution patterns and population structure of R. patma is light intensity.

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Meta-Transcriptomic Comparison of the RNA Viromes of the Mosquito Vectors Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium in Northern Europe

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11111033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Pettersson ◽

Shi ◽

Eden ◽

Holmes ◽

Hesson

Keyword(s):

Culex Pipiens ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

South Central ◽

Global Movement ◽

History Of ◽

Local Habitat

Mosquitoes harbor an extensive diversity of ‘insect-specific’ RNA viruses in addition to those important to human and animal health. However, because most studies of the mosquito virome have been conducted at lower latitudes, little is known about the diversity and evolutionary history of RNA viruses sampled from mosquitoes in northerly regions. Here, we compared the RNA virome of two common northern mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium, collected in south-central Sweden. Following bulk RNA-sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) of 12 libraries, comprising 120 specimens of Cx. pipiens and 150 specimens of Cx. torrentium, we identified 40 viruses (representing 14 virus families) of which 28 were novel based on phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein. Hence, we documented similar levels of virome diversity as in mosquitoes sampled from the more biodiverse lower latitudes. Many viruses were also related to those sampled on other continents, indicative of a widespread global movement and/or long host–virus co-evolution. Although the two mosquito species investigated have overlapping geographical distributions and share many viruses, several viruses were only found at a specific location at this scale of sampling, such that local habitat and geography may play an important role in shaping viral diversity in Culex mosquitoes.

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