scholarly journals Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for High Risk Human Papillomavirus among Sexually Active Women, Swaziland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0170189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themba G. Ginindza ◽  
Xolisile Dlamini ◽  
Maribel Almonte ◽  
Rolando Herrero ◽  
Pauline E. Jolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Pregnant Women In Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebrehiwet Tesfay ◽  
Karthik Deekonda ◽  
Ragul Paramasivam ◽  
Saravanan Muthupandian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Prevalence

Abstract Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of vaginitis which causes abnormal vaginal discharge in woman of childbearing age, which predispose to various gynecological and obstetric problems. In Africa sub-continent, the prevalence of BV among pregnant women is different among different countries. This review aimed to show the overall prevalence and to describe the different risk factors associated with BV among pregnant women in Africa. Methods: PubMed, Medline, science direct, Google scholar and other relevant databases were searched from January 2008 to December 2018. Article retrieval and screening was done using standard procedural steps and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total articles included in this review were 31 and cumulative prevalence was drawn from each country. Results: This review addressed the prevalence of BV and its associated risk factors among pregnant women and its associated risk factors conducted in 31 eligible studies from 15 different countries of Africa, in which most of the studies were from Nigeria 22.6% (7/31), Kenya 16% (5/31) and Ethiopia 13% (4/31). Samples from a total of 19,354 pregnant women 4795 were positive for BV with the overall prevalence of 24.8% (4795/19,354), and the highest cumulative prevalence was reported from two studies conducted in more than two countries (1113/2349, 47.4%). Fifteen out of 31 articles or studies (48.4%) are significantly associated with different risk factors. Out of the 15 articles 33.3% (5/15) of the associated risk factors are HIV followed by age and previous BV/STI (20%). Conclusion: The prevalence of BV among pregnant women was different in all regions of Africa with the pooled prevalence of 24.8%. HIV infected pregnant women and sexually active women (mostly in the age group of 20-30 years) were at high risk for BV and in some studies reported BV positive women are also at high risk of acquiring HIV infection.

scholarly journals High-risk human papillomavirus infection and associated factors in the anal canal of HIV-positive patients in Medellín, 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Daniela Herrera Posada ◽  
Lucia Stella Tamayo Acevedo ◽  
Marleny Valencia Arredondo ◽  
Gloria Inéz Sánchez Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Hpv

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) anal infection and associated factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients in Medellín. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 300 HIV-positive patients, adults, with history of anal intercourse, treated in two health care services of Medellín 2017–2018. We conducted a structured survey on sociodemographics, sexual behavior and medical history. HPV was detected in anal swabs tested by the COBAS 4800 system. Exploratory data analysis of risk factors associated with HR-HPV was conducted by chi-square test of independence and both raw and adjusted prevalence ratios used the Poisson regression model, at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The high-risk HPV had a prevalence of 82.7%; HPV16 had a prevalence of 32.7%, HPV18 a prevalence of 21.7% and other HPV types scored 78.3%. The high-risk HPV prevalence in women was of 68.2% and 83.8% in men. The risk factors associated with high-risk HPV after adjustment were age under 30 years, elementary education, casual sex partners, and first sexual activity before 18 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of high-risk HPV, along with the occurrence of coinfections by multiple types in the study population shows their susceptibility to develop some type of anal intra-epithelial neoplasia. It is important to establish sexual health programs focused on primary health care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV in Different High-Risk Groups and Associated Risk Factors in Pakistan. A Systematic Review from 2010 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswa Gondal ◽  
Mahrukh Rasheed ◽  
Sana Ali ◽  
Zain Ul Abdin ◽  
Omar Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors: Evidence from the large-scale surveys in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddaf Akhtar ◽  
Preeti Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Context: India has observed the most devastating increases in the burden of diabetes in the contemporary era. However, so far, the comparable prevalence of diabetes is only available for limited geography. Aims: The present paper provides comparable estimates of diabetes prevalence in states and districts of India and examines the associated risk factors with newly diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Setting and Design: The study uses clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data from District Level Household and Facility Survey (2012–2013) and Annual Health Survey (2014). Subjects and Methods: The paper analyses the information on glucose level of the blood sample and defines diabetes as per the World Health Organization (1999) criteria. It applies multinomial logistic regression to identify the risk factors of diabetes. Results: The study estimates 7% adults with diabetes in India, with a higher level in urban (9.8%) than in the rural area (5.7%), a higher proportion of males (7.1%) than females (6.8%). Widowed, older persons, and persons with high blood pressure have very high risk of both diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Comparing to Hindus, Muslims and Christians have higher, and Sikhs have less risk of diabetes. Further, corresponding to general caste, scheduled castes, and other backward classes have a high risk of newly diagnosed but the lower risk of self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The list of districts and states with alarming diabetes prevalence is the valuable information for further programs and research. A significant population with undiagnosed diabetes reflects an urgent need to strengthen the diagnostics at the local level and for those who need them most.

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