Co-circulation of all the four dengue virus serotypes and detection of a novel clade of DENV-4 (genotype I) virus in Pune, India during 2016 season

SUMMARYDengue virus, commonly transmitted by mosquitoes, causes a human disease of significant social impact and presents a serious public health problem in Brazil. This report describes the unusual emergence of DENV-4 in northern Brazil after a nearly 30-year-long absence. DENV-4 genotype I is of Asian origin and was identified in the serum of patients receiving treatment at a hospital serving the Salvador area (Brazilian state of Bahia). The identification of dengue virus serotypes through molecular and phylogenetic analysis is essential for predicting disease severity or fatal illness, principally in endemic countries such as Brazil.

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Clade Replacements in Dengue Virus Serotypes 1 and 3 Are Associated with Changing Serotype Prevalence

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.24.15123-15130.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (24) ◽

pp. 15123-15130 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Chunlin Zhang ◽

Mammen P. Mammen ◽

Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan ◽

Chonticha Klungthong ◽

Prinyada Rodpradit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Large Scale ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Genotype I ◽

Serotype 1 ◽

History Of ◽

Dengue Virus Serotypes

ABSTRACT The evolution of dengue virus (DENV) is characterized by phylogenetic trees that have a strong temporal structure punctuated by dramatic changes in clade frequency. To determine the cause of these large-scale phylogenetic patterns, we examined the evolutionary history of DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-3 in Thailand, where gene sequence and epidemiological data are relatively abundant over a 30-year period. We found evidence for the turnover of viral clades in both serotypes, most notably in DENV-1, where a major clade replacement event took place in genotype I during the mid-1990s. Further, when this clade replacement event was placed in the context of changes in serotype prevalence in Thailand, a striking pattern emerged; an increase in DENV-1 clade diversity was associated with an increase in the abundance of this serotype and a concomitant decrease in DENV-4 prevalence, while clade replacement was associated with a decline in DENV-1 prevalence and a rise of DENV-4. We postulate that intraserotypic genetic diversification proceeds at times of relative serotype abundance and that replacement events can result from differential susceptibility to cross-reactive immune responses.

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Regional Variation in Dengue Virus Serotypes in Sri Lanka and Its Clinical and Epidemiological Relevance

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11112084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2084

Author(s):

Tibutius T. P. Jayadas ◽

Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽

Laksiri Gomes ◽

Chandima Jeewandara ◽

Gathsaurie N. Malavige ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Health Concern ◽

Genotype I ◽

Ns1 Antigen ◽

Working Age ◽

Common Serotypes ◽

Dengue Virus Serotypes ◽

Significant Health

Dengue is a significant health concern in Sri Lanka, but diagnosis of the infecting dengue virus (DENV) serotype has hitherto been largely restricted to the Colombo district in the western province. Salinity tolerant Aedes vectors are present in the island’s northern Jaffna peninsula, which is undergoing rapid groundwater salinization. Virus serotypes were determined by RT-qPCR in 107 and 112 patients diagnosed by NS1 antigen positivity from the Jaffna district in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and related to clinical characteristics. DENV1 and DENV2 were the most common serotypes in both years. Infections with multiple serotypes were not detected. DENV1 was significantly more prevalent in 2019 than 2018, while DENV3 was significantly more prevalent in 2018 than 2019 among the Jaffna patients. Limited genomic sequencing identified DENV1 genotype-I and DENV3 genotype-I in Jaffna patients in 2018. Dengue was more prevalent in working age persons and males among the serotyped Jaffna patients. DENV1 and DENV2 were the predominant serotypes in 2019 in the Colombo district. However, DENV1 and DENV3 were significantly more prevalent in Colombo compared with Jaffna in 2019. The differences in the prevalence of DENV1 and DENV3 between the Jaffna and Colombo districts in 2019 have implications for dengue epidemiology and vaccination. Salinity-tolerant Aedes vector strains, widespread in the Jaffna peninsula, may have contributed to differences in serotype prevalence compared with the Colombo district in 2019. Significant associations were not identified between virus serotypes and clinical characteristics among Jaffna patients.

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Nationwide Distribution of Dengue Virus Type 3 (DENV-3) Genotype I and Emergence of DENV-3 Genotype III during the 2019 Outbreak in Bangladesh

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6020058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Snigdha Rahman Titir ◽

Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽

Salma Ahmed ◽

Nazia Haque ◽

Syeda Anjuman Nasreen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Capital City ◽

Endemic Region ◽

Genotype I ◽

Genotype Iii ◽

Two Samples ◽

Dengue Virus Type 3 ◽

Type 3 ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Bangladesh is an endemic region of dengue fever and experienced an unprecedented large outbreak with more than 100,000 confirmed cases in 2019. To understand the prevalence of dengue antibody in patients and molecular epidemiological characteristics of dengue virus (DENV) in this outbreak, a total of 179 blood samples were collected from patients in 10 districts (seven divisions) covering nearly the whole country from August to December 2019. DENV NS-1 was detected in 162 samples, among which DENV-specific IgM was positive in 119 samples (73.5%), including 60.5% samples also positive for DENV-specific IgG. Sequencing of the partial C-prM gene and its phylogenetic analysis revealed predominance of DENV type 3 genotype I, accounting for 93% of samples examined. DENV-3 genotype III was identified in two samples from separate districts, and only one DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype was found in the capital city, Dhaka. These findings suggest the predominance of DENV-3 genotype I and occurrence of DENV-3 genotype III, associated with increased incidence of recent secondary infection in Bangladesh in 2019.

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Infection of the central nervous system with dengue virus 3 genotype I causing neurological manifestations in Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0208-2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Danilo Bretas de Oliveira ◽

Guilherme Machado ◽

Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida ◽

Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira ◽

Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Neurological Manifestations ◽

Genotype I ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Concurrent Infection by Two Dengue Virus Serotypes among Dengue Patients

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01832-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 402-403

Author(s):

E Gupta ◽

L Dar ◽

S Broor

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Dengue Virus Serotypes

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Molecular evolution of dengue virus types 1 and 4 in Korean travelers

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-021-04973-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 1103-1112

Author(s):

Eun-Ha Hwang ◽

Green Kim ◽

Hoyin Chung ◽

Hanseul Oh ◽

Jong-Hwan Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Positive Selection ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Coding Region ◽

Genotype I ◽

Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Evolutionary Features ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

First Time ◽

Global Travel

AbstractDengue virus (DV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is endemic to many tropical and subtropical areas. Recently, the annual incidence of DV infection has increased worldwide, including in Korea, due to global warming and increased global travel. We therefore sought to characterize the molecular and evolutionary features of DV-1 and DV-4 isolated from Korean overseas travelers. We used phylogenetic analysis based on the full coding region to classify isolates of DV-1 in Korea into genotype I (43251, KP406802), genotype IV (KP406803), and genotype V (KP406801). In addition, we found that strains of DV-4 belonged to genotype I (KP406806) and genotype II (43257). Evidence of positive selection in DV-1 strains was identified in the C, prM, NS2A, and NS5 proteins, whereas DV-4 showed positive selection only in the non-structural proteins NS2A, NS3, and NS5. The substitution rates per site per year were 5.58 × 10-4 and 6.72 × 10-4 for DV-1 and DV-4, respectively, and the time of the most recent common ancestor was determined using the Bayesian skyline coalescent method. In this study, the molecular, phylogenetic, and evolutionary characteristics of Korean DV-1 and DV-4 isolates were evaluated for the first time.

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Two Complex, Adenovirus-Based Vaccines That Together Induce Immune Responses to All Four Dengue Virus Serotypes

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00330-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 182-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

David H. Holman ◽

Danher Wang ◽

Kanakatte Raviprakash ◽

Nicholas U. Raja ◽

Min Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

De Novo ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Dengue Vaccine ◽

Membrane Antigens ◽

Dengue Virus Serotypes

ABSTRACT Dengue virus infections can cause hemorrhagic fever, shock, encephalitis, and even death. Worldwide, approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-infested regions with about 100 million new cases each year, although many of these infections are believed to be silent. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus; thus, immunity from one serotype will not cross-protect from infection with the other three. The difficulties that hamper vaccine development include requirements of the natural conformation of the envelope glycoprotein to induce neutralizing immune responses and the necessity of presenting antigens of all four serotypes. Currently, the only way to meet these requirements is to use a mixture of four serotypes of live attenuated dengue viruses, but safety remains a major problem. In this study, we have developed the basis for a tetravalent dengue vaccine using a novel complex adenovirus platform that is capable of expressing multiple antigens de novo. This dengue vaccine is constructed as a pair of vectors that each expresses the premembrane and envelope genes of two different dengue virus serotypes. Upon vaccination, the vaccine expressed high levels of the dengue virus antigens in cells to mimic a natural infection and induced both humoral and cellular immune responses against multiple serotypes of dengue virus in an animal model. Further analyses show the humoral responses were indeed neutralizing against all four serotypes. Our studies demonstrate the concept of mimicking infections to induce immune responses by synthesizing dengue virus membrane antigens de novo and the feasibility of developing an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine by vector-mediated expression of glycoproteins of the four serotypes.

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