scholarly journals Soil nutrient loss through erosion: Impact of different cropping systems and soil amendments in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0208250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvier Bigabwa Bashagaluke ◽  
Vincent Logah ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Joseph Sarkodie-Addo ◽  
Charles Quansah
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient Balance and Stock on Smallholder Farms at Agew Mariam Watershed in Northern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Esubalew ◽  
Tadele Amare ◽  
Eyayu Molla
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Abstract IntroductionSoil nutrient balance is used to evaluate the state of soil fertility, rate of nutrient depletion, sustainability of land productivity, the environmental wellbeing of an area, and to take appropriate management decisions. This study was conducted to quantify soil nutrient balance and stocks on smallholder farms at the Agew Mariam watershed in northern Ethiopia in the 2020/21 main season.MethodsInflows and outflows of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) into, and out of barley, tef, and wheat farms were determined through, field measurement, laboratory analysis, and interviews. The balance quantification was done by subtracting nutrient outputs from the inputs. ResultsThe N partial balance of barley, tef and wheat was -66, -9.8, and -50.7 kg ha-1 yr-1 respectively. The P balance was also -5.9, 0.9, and -2.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 for barley, tef, and wheat respectively. Whereas, K balance was -12.3, -3.2, and -5.4 kg ha-1 yr-1 from barley, tef, and wheat respectively. The balance results revealed that N, P, and K had negative values except for P in tef. Grain yield and crop residue removal were the major paths of nutrient loss. The stock of N was 1295, 1510, and 1240 from barley, tef, and wheat kg ha-1respectively. While, the P stock was 63, 18.7, and 27.5, kg ha-1 from barley, tef, and wheat farms respectively. Similarly, K stock was 1092.7, 1059.4, and 1090.6 kg ha-1 from barley, tef, and wheat cropping systems respectively. ConclusionsReversing the imbalance between inflows and outflows via adding organic and inorganic fertilizers is critically essential for the study area.

Whole-tree Harvesting Depletes Soil Nutrients

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin H. White
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

This paper reports the effects of whole-tree harvesting of eight cottonwood stands on the soil nutrient pool. The data indicate possible site degradation by depletion of soil reserves of N, P, and K but not Ca and Mg on a range of alluvial site conditions in Alabama. Foresters must establish the rate of nutrient removal in intensive tree cropping systems for a variety of species and sites and develop prescriptions to minimize the impact.

Effects of aeolian processes on soil nutrient loss in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: an experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunming Wang ◽  
Lili Lang ◽  
Ting Hua ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Caixia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Gonghe Basin

scholarly journals Impact of Cover Crops on the Soil Microbiome of Tree Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Castellano-Hinojosa ◽  
Sarah L. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tree Crops

Increased concerns associated with interactions between herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, soil nutrient availability, and plant phytotoxicity in perennial tree crop production systems have renewed interest in the use of cover crops in the inter-row middles or between trees as an alternative sustainable management strategy for these systems. Although interactions between the soil microbiome and cover crops have been examined for annual cropping systems, there are critical differences in management and growth in perennial cropping systems that can influence the soil microbiome and, therefore, the response to cover crops. Here, we discuss the importance of cover crops in tree cropping systems using multispecies cover crop mixtures and minimum tillage and no-tillage to not only enhance the soil microbiome but also carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling compared to monocropping, conventional tillage, and inorganic fertilization. We also identify potentially important taxa and research gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate assessments of the relationships between cover crops, soil microbes, and the health of tree crops. Additional evaluations of the interactions between the soil microbiome, cover crops, nutrient cycling, and tree performance will allow for more effective and sustainable management of perennial cropping systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on Soil Nutrient Loss under Conditions of Mining Disturbance in a Coalfield

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Ziguan Wang ◽  
Guangcai Wang ◽  
Chengshu Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Meiling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mining Soil

Underground coal mining can result in land deformation (e.g., land subsidence and ground fissures), and may consequently change the soil nutrients. Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP) are critical indicators of soil fertility and eco-restoration in mining areas. In this study, soil samples (depth: 0–20 cm) were collected twice from 20 sampling points in pre-mining and post-mining in the No.12 panel of Caojiatan coalfield, in the Loess Plateau of China. SOM, TN, and AP in soil samples were measured, and the nutrient loss was evaluated. Ten environmental factors affecting soil nutrient loss were identified from a 5-m resolution digital elevation map (DEM). The paired t-test was utilized to evaluate the differences between SOM, TN, and AP in pre-mining and post-mining soil. The mechanisms of the effects of environmental factors on soil nutrient loss were revealed based on multiple linear regression, redundancy analysis (RDA), and the random forest algorithm (RF). Ordinary kriging and RF were utilized to predict and optimize the spatial distribution of the soil nutrient loss. The results showed that significant differences existed between the SOM, TN, and AP in the pre-mining and post-mining soil. The model established by RF provided a higher accuracy in terms of fitting the correlation between soil nutrient loss and environmental factors compared to the model established by multiple linear regression, and the feature importance obtained by RF showed that profile curvature, distance to working panel margin, and surface roughness were the most significant factors affecting the loss of SOM, TN, and AP, respectively. This study provides a theoretical reference for eco-restoration, as well as soil and water conservation, in subsided lands in coalfields.

scholarly journals Influence of Cover Crops and Irrigation Rates on Tomato Yields and Quality in a Subtropical Region

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2125-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingren Wang ◽  
Waldemar Klassen ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Merlyn Codallo ◽  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Intensive rainfall during summer causes substantial nutrient leaching in a subtropical region, where most vegetable lands lay fallow during this period. Also, an excessive amount of irrigation water supplied during the winter vegetable growing season leads to soil nutrient loss, which greatly impacts vegetable yields, especially in soils that possess a low capacity to retain soil water and nutrients. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various summer cover crops and irrigation rates on tomato yields and quality, and on soil fertility in a subtropical region of Florida. The cover crops were sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.) `Tropic Sun'], cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, `Iron Clay'], velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], and sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.], with a weed-free fallow as a control. The cover crops were planted during late Spring 2001 and 2002, incorporated into the soil in the fall, and tomatoes [Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) `Sanibel'] were grown on raised beds during Winter 2001–02 and 2002–03, respectively. Irrigation in various treatments was controlled when tensiometer readings reached –5, –10, –20, or –30 kPa. The cover crops produced from 5.2 to 12.5 Mg·ha–1 of above ground dry biomass and 48 to 356 Mg·ha–1 of N during 2001–02 and from 3.6 to 9.7 Mg·ha–1 of dry biomass and 35 to 277 kg·ha–1 of N during 2002–03. The highest N contribution was made by sunn hemp and the lowest by sorghum sudangrass. Based on 2-year data, tomato marketable yields were increased from 14% to 27% (p ≤ 0.05) by growing cover crops, and the greatest increase occurred in the sunn hemp treatment followed by the cowpea treatment. Irrigation at –10, –20, and –30 kPa significantly improved marketable yields by 14%, 12%, and 25% (p ≤ 0.05) for 2001–02, and 18%, 31%, and 34% (p ≤ 0.05) for 2002–03, respectively, compared to yields at the commonly applied rate, –5 kPa (control). Irrigation at –30 kPa used about 85% less water than at –5 kPa. Yields of extra-large fruit in the sunn hemp and cowpea treatments from the first harvest in both years averaged 12.6 to 15.2 Mg·ha–1, and they were significantly higher than yields in the fallow treatment (10.2 to 11.3 Mg·ha–1). Likewise at –30 kPa yields of extra-large fruit from the first harvest for both years were 13.0 to 15.3 Mg·ha–1 compared to 9.8 to 10.7 Mg·ha–1 at –5 kPa. Soil NO3-N and total N contents in sunn hemp and cowpea treatments were significantly higher than those in fallow. The results indicate that growing legume summer cover crops in a subtropical region, especially sunn hemp and cowpea, and reducing irrigation rates are valuable approaches to conserve soil nutrients and water, and to improve soil fertility and tomato yields and quality.

scholarly journals The effects of slope length and coverage ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in red soil Regions of southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07028
Author(s):  
Qian Jing ◽  
Zhang Liping
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Coverage Ratio

Soil nutrient loss not only reduces soil productivity, but also causes non-point source pollution and accelerates the eutrophication of surface water. In order to understand the effects of slope lengths (2m, 4m), vegetation coverage ratios (15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 90%) on the mechanisms of soil nutrient loss, the research studied the simulated rainfall experiment with the slope gradient of 20°, the rainfall intensity of 2.0 mm/min and the time of producing runoff for about 30 min. The experimental results showed that the runoff coefficient is mainly affected by vegetation coverage ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus from Sediments in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Liao ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Li ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Nutrient Changes

The effect of the freeze-thaw process is an important factor in soil nutrient changes and erosion enhancement. Sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River are likely affected by the daily freeze-thaw cycles in winter. Examining the freeze-thaw effects of phosphorus from sediments in this area is of great significance for protecting the structure and safety of the ecosystem. The freeze-thaw process of sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River was simulated through laboratory experiments, and different phosphorus contents and particle states were synchronously detected and analyzed. The results show that freeze-thaw cycles can accelerate phosphorus migration and release in the sediments, and the total amount of phosphorus release increases by 12%. After being subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, the sediment particles were broken, and the competition between ions for adsorption sites reduced phosphorus adsorption onto the sediments from the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The organic matter on the sediment surface was also broken down, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the combined ions that were released competed for the adsorption sites on the particle surfaces, thereby promoting phosphorus release. Among the different forms of phosphorus, aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) and iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) are the two most released phosphorus forms by the freeze-thaw process. Although the contents of Al-P and Fe-P only account for 2.41% of the total phosphorus content, both phosphorus forms are biologically available, and freeze-thaw cycles may increase the risk of nutrient loss. This research may provide information for the study of phosphorus in river ecosystems in areas subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.

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