scholarly journals Links between the rumen microbiota, methane emissions and feed efficiency of finishing steers offered dietary lipid and nitrate supplementation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Bowen ◽  
Paul Cormican ◽  
Susan J. Lister ◽  
Matthew S. McCabe ◽  
Carol-Anne Duthie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

FEEDING VALUE FOR FINISHING STEERS AND HOLSTEIN MALE CALVES OF WHOLE DRIED CORN AND OF WHOLE AND ROLLED HIGH MOISTURE ACID-TREATED CORN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
R. A. CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Feeding Value

Three experiments were conducted (1) to compare the feeding value of dried shelled corn and acid-treated high moisture (HM) corn and (2) to determine the effects of rolling acid-treated HM corn for all-concentrate diets fed to finishing beef-type cattle and to growing and finishing Holstein male calves. In a 120-day finishing period, Hereford and Hereford × Charolais steers performed similarly with respect to gain, feed efficiency, carcass measurements and grade on whole dried corn and on whole and rolled acid-treated HM corn. No health problems occurred during the feeding trial in which gains averaged 1.49 kg per day. The performance of Holstein male calves fed from a starting weight of 95 kg to 385 kg also demonstrated that acid-treated HM corn was comparable in feeding value to dried shelled corn. While growth of calves on whole and rolled HM corn was similar (1.24 kg/day), four calves receiving rolled HM corn were lost from the experiment due to acute bloat, laminitis and peritonitis. One calf fed whole dried corn had peritonitis and was also removed from the experiment. Incidence of liver abscesses among cattle completing the trials was 28 and 26% for beef-type and Holstein cattle, respectively. Rumen abnormalities, i.e. clumping of papillae, ulceration of rumen epithelium and accumulation of hair, were evident in calves on all treatments. Rolling of HM corn did not improve digestibility of dry matter (P > 0.05), and percentage of whole kernels in feces of steers fed whole dried or whole HM corn was low (0.45 and 0.32%, respectively).

scholarly journals Reducing the carbon footprint of Australian milk production by mitigation of enteric methane emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Moate ◽  
Matthew H. Deighton ◽  
S. Richard O. Williams ◽  
Jennie E. Pryce ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

This review examines research aimed at reducing enteric methane emissions from the Australian dairy industry. Calorimeter measurements of 220 forage-fed cows indicate an average methane yield of 21.1 g methane (CH4)/kg dry matter intake. Adoption of this empirical methane yield, rather than the equation currently used in the Australian greenhouse gas inventory, would reduce the methane emissions attributed to the Australian dairy industry by ~10%. Research also indicates that dietary lipid supplements and feeding high amounts of wheat substantially reduce methane emissions. It is estimated that, in 1980, the Australian dairy industry produced ~185 000 t of enteric methane and total enteric methane intensity was ~33.6 g CH4/kg milk. In 2010, the estimated production of enteric methane was 182 000 t, but total enteric methane intensity had declined ~40% to 19.9 g CH4/kg milk. This remarkable decline in methane intensity and the resultant improvement in the carbon footprint of Australian milk production was mainly achieved by increased per-cow milk yield, brought about by the on-farm adoption of research findings related to the feeding and breeding of dairy cows. Options currently available to further reduce the carbon footprint of Australian milk production include the feeding of lipid-rich supplements such as cottonseed, brewers grains, cold-pressed canola, hominy meal and grape marc, as well as feeding of higher rates of wheat. Future technologies for further reducing methane emissions include genetic selection of cows for improved feed conversion to milk or low methane intensity, vaccines to reduce ruminal methanogens and chemical inhibitors of methanogenesis.

Influence of Different Sources of Dietary Lipid on the Growth, Feed Efficiency and Survival of Snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) Grow-Out

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dayal ◽  
P. P. Srivastava ◽  
A. Bhatnagar ◽  
S. Chowdhary ◽  
A. K. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Channa Striatus ◽  
Different Sources

EFFECTS OF FEEDING AVOPARCIN IN COMBINATION WITH PROGESTERONE-ESTRADIOL IMPLANTS ON GROWING AND FINISHING STEERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. MURRAY ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Growth Promotants

Two, experiments were conducted with growing and finishing steers to determine the performance response to feeding avoparcin with or without progesterone-estradiol (Synovex-S) implants. In exp. 1, 96 crossbred yearling steers were fed diets containing 40% hay crop silage (DM basis) for 168 days. Avoparcin increased (P < 0.05) weight gains (16%) and feed efficiency (16%). Initial Synovex-S implants increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (14%) and feed efficiency (11%). Reimplanting at 112 days tended to further improve (P > 0.05) rate of gain and feed efficiency over initial implanting. In exp. 2, 80 Hereford yearling steers were fed diets containing only 19% corn silage (DM basis) for 98 days. Avoparcin had no effect on weight gain but improved (P > 0.05) feed efficiency (11%). Synovex improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (17%) and feed efficiency (11%). In both experiments treatments produced no effects on carcass measurements except for an increase in warm carcass weight. Also, in both experiments the effects of avoparcin and Synovex on feed efficiency were fully additive. Key words: Growth promotants, implants, feed additives, steers

scholarly journals Effects of replacing wheat starch with glycerol on methane emissions, milk production, and feed efficiency in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 7927-7935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Karlsson ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Marko Kass ◽  
Mikaela Lindberg ◽  
Kjell Holtenius
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Grass Silage

Finishing steers on high-grain rations. Effects of type of silage, level of urea, vitamin A and cobalt supplementation on body-weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass composition

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Morris ◽  
R. J. W. Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Sorghum Grain

1. A 23 factorial with a split-plot allocation of treatments was used to investigate the effects of silage type, (sweet v. grain sorghum); level of urea, (60ν. 120 g. per head per day); vitamin A,(0ν. 40,000 i.u. per head per day), and intraruminal cobalt oxide pellet on the performance of steers fed rations of 90% sorghum grain, 10% sorghum silage.

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in Nellore steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Romaskevis Gomes Lopes ◽  
Márcio de Souza Duarte ◽  
Alex J. La Reau ◽  
Ibrahim Zuniga Chaves ◽  
Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency

Abstract Background Ruminants rely upon a complex community of microbes in their rumen to convert host-indigestible feed into nutrients. However, little is known about the association between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency traits in Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle, a breed of major economic importance to the global beef market. Here, we compare the composition of the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in the rumen of Nellore steers with high and low feed efficiency (FE) phenotypes, as measured by residual feed intake (RFI). Results The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in positive-RFI steers (p-RFI, low feed efficiency) than in negative-RFI (n-RFI, high feed efficiency) steers. The differences in bacterial composition from steers with high and low FE were mainly associated with members of the families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae, as well as the genus Prevotella. Archaeal community richness was lower (P < 0.05) in p-RFI than in n-RFI steers and the genus Methanobrevibacter was either increased or exclusive of p-RFI steers. The fungal genus Buwchfawromyces was more abundant in the rumen solid fraction of n-RFI steers (P < 0.05) and a highly abundant OTU belonging to the genus Piromyces was also increased in the rumen microbiota of high-efficiency steers. However, analysis of rumen fermentation variables and functional predictions indicated similar metabolic outputs for the microbiota of distinct FE groups. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that differences in the ruminal microbiota of high and low FE Nellore steers comprise specific taxa from the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. Biomarker OTUs belonging to the genus Piromyces were identified in animals showing high feed efficiency, whereas among archaea, Methanobrevibacter was associated with steers classified as p-RFI. The identification of specific RFI-associated microorganisms in Nellore steers could guide further studies targeting the isolation and functional characterization of rumen microbes potentially important for the energy-harvesting efficiency of ruminants.

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