scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in Nellore steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Romaskevis Gomes Lopes ◽  
Márcio de Souza Duarte ◽  
Alex J. La Reau ◽  
Ibrahim Zuniga Chaves ◽  
Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency

Abstract Background Ruminants rely upon a complex community of microbes in their rumen to convert host-indigestible feed into nutrients. However, little is known about the association between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency traits in Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle, a breed of major economic importance to the global beef market. Here, we compare the composition of the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in the rumen of Nellore steers with high and low feed efficiency (FE) phenotypes, as measured by residual feed intake (RFI). Results The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in positive-RFI steers (p-RFI, low feed efficiency) than in negative-RFI (n-RFI, high feed efficiency) steers. The differences in bacterial composition from steers with high and low FE were mainly associated with members of the families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae, as well as the genus Prevotella. Archaeal community richness was lower (P < 0.05) in p-RFI than in n-RFI steers and the genus Methanobrevibacter was either increased or exclusive of p-RFI steers. The fungal genus Buwchfawromyces was more abundant in the rumen solid fraction of n-RFI steers (P < 0.05) and a highly abundant OTU belonging to the genus Piromyces was also increased in the rumen microbiota of high-efficiency steers. However, analysis of rumen fermentation variables and functional predictions indicated similar metabolic outputs for the microbiota of distinct FE groups. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that differences in the ruminal microbiota of high and low FE Nellore steers comprise specific taxa from the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. Biomarker OTUs belonging to the genus Piromyces were identified in animals showing high feed efficiency, whereas among archaea, Methanobrevibacter was associated with steers classified as p-RFI. The identification of specific RFI-associated microorganisms in Nellore steers could guide further studies targeting the isolation and functional characterization of rumen microbes potentially important for the energy-harvesting efficiency of ruminants.

scholarly journals Effects of long-acting, broad spectra anthelmintic treatments on the rumen microbial community compositions of grazing sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Moon ◽  
Luis Carvalho ◽  
Michelle R. Kirk ◽  
Alan F. McCulloch ◽  
Sandra Kittelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Ruminantium ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Long Acting

AbstractAnthelmintic treatment of adult ewes is widely practiced to remove parasite burdens in the expectation of increased ruminant productivity. However, the broad activity spectra of many anthelmintic compounds raises the possibility of impacts on the rumen microbiota. To investigate this, 300 grazing ewes were allocated to treatment groups that included a 100-day controlled release capsule (CRC) containing albendazole and abamectin, a long-acting moxidectin injection (LAI), and a non-treated control group (CON). Rumen bacterial, archaeal and protozoal communities at day 0 were analysed to identify 36 sheep per treatment with similar starting compositions. Microbiota profiles, including those for the rumen fungi, were then generated for the selected sheep at days 0, 35 and 77. The CRC treatment significantly impacted the archaeal community, and was associated with increased relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5, and Methanomassiliicoccaceae Group 12 sp. ISO4-H5 compared to the control group. In contrast, the LAI treatment increased the relative abundances of members of the Veillonellaceae and resulted in minor changes to the bacterial and fungal communities by day 77. Overall, the anthelmintic treatments resulted in few, but highly significant, changes to the rumen microbiota composition.

scholarly journals PSVIII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Administration of an appeasing substance at castration improves performance of pre-conditioned beef crossbred steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
Marcos Renato Burim ◽  
André Velasco ◽  
Fernando Sagrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Alternatives that alleviate stress-related responses and improve performance of the beef cattle herd are imperative and deserve further investigation. In previous trials, administration of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) has improved performance of newly-weaned and feedlot received beef animals, as well as reduced the risk of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) cuts in carcass obtained from Bos indicus cattle. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of BAS administration at castration on pre-conditioning performance of crossbred beef animals. On day 0, 390 crossbred Angus × Nellore animals were ranked by initial shrunk BW (255 ± 21.1 kg) and assigned to receive or not (CON) 5 mL/head of BAS (SecureCattle; Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil) immediately before castration. From d 0 to 30, animals within treatments were maintained in 2 feedot pens with a minimum distance (300 m) to avoid contact between treatment groups and received a grass hay-based diet (70:30 roughage:concentrate ratio) ad libitum. On day 30, animals were individually weighed following 16 hours of feed and water restriction. Hence, a descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate pen dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE). Animal was considered the experimental unit and all data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Bovine appeasing substance administration at castration improved ADG and BW change (P &lt; 0.0001) compared with CON cohorts (0.983 vs. 1.155 kg/d and 29.5 vs. 34.6 kg for ADG and BW change, respectively). Total DMI was similar among treatments when reported as kg/d (6.70 vs. 6.75 kg) or % of BW (2.48 vs. 2.48%), whereas FE was dramatically improved in BAS-administered animals (146 vs. 172 g/kg for CON and BAS, respectively). In summary, BAS administration improved performance of crossbred beef animals for 30 days post-castration.

scholarly journals Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Müller ◽  
Daniel I C. G. Gouvêa ◽  
André F. Francischinelli ◽  
Guiherme D. A. Alvarenga ◽  
Pablo C Castagnino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (4 animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA [dry matter (DM) basis] of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6), 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6), 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6), and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 days, whereas dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets increased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,cis-12, C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (P = 0.03), but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P &lt; 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on d 103 vs. other treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7,trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (P &lt; 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P &lt; 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance, but reduced feed efficiency and increased marbling scores of Bos indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.

PSXV-7 The mixture of herbal extracts that change the microbiome of the cattle rumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 261-262
Author(s):  
Roman Tuzikov ◽  
Baer Nurzhanov ◽  
Albert Rysaeff ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev ◽  
Shamil Rakhmatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum

Abstract Today, the search for new antibacterial natural agents based on plant raw materials is relevant. These raw materials have promising secondary metabolites that reduce the formation of methane in the ruminant scar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the following extracts: oak bark+birch leaves (I group) (250 ml/head per day), oak bark + St. John’s wort grass (250 ml / head per day; II group) and birch leaves + St. John’s wort grass (III group; 250 ml/head per day) on the rumen microbiota of large cattle, against the background of control (C). Extracts added to the water of calves with rumen fistula (dairy breed, age 12 months, diet -70 % of hay, 30 % of grain feed, duration is 14 days). The microflora analyzed using high efficiency 16S rRNA (Illumina) gene sequencing. Plant extracts prepared by purification, grinding (1–2 mm) and extraction in a water bath (for 30 min, 70 ° C) and filtration. According to the study results, the inclusion of extracts led to increase of the Bacteroidetes phylum for 1.11–3.69 % in the practical groups in comparison with C. A decrease was obtained for Firmicutes for 2.06–3.55 % (p 0.05) and Proteobacteria. In the I group bacteria of the class Bacteroides increased by 0.9–5.64% and Candidatus Saccharibacteria increased by 0.25% (P = 0.05). In the III group the value increased by 0.64 % (P = 0.05). Compared to C at the level of the family Prevotellaceae dominated in all experimental groups by 1.04–9.11 % (P ≤ 0.05), in group III Bacteroidaceae dominated by 0.27 % and Rikenellaceae by 0.14 %. This contributes to the regulation of opportunistic microorganisms without harmful effects on the rumen microbiota. This research was performed with financial support from the project 0761-2019-0005.

scholarly journals Exploring the Regulatory Potential of Long Non-Coding RNA in Feed Efficiency of Indicine Cattle

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Pâmela A. Alexandre ◽  
Antonio Reverter ◽  
Roberta B. Berezin ◽  
Laercio R. Porto-Neto ◽  
Gabriela Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Regulatory Potential ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate several aspects of gene expression, being associated with complex phenotypes in humans and livestock species. In taurine beef cattle, recent evidence points to the involvement of lncRNA in feed efficiency (FE), a proxy for increased productivity and sustainability. Here, we hypothesized specific regulatory roles of lncRNA in FE of indicine cattle. Using RNA-Seq data from the liver, muscle, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland from Nellore bulls with divergent FE, we submitted new transcripts to a series of filters to confidently predict lncRNA. Then, we identified lncRNA that were differentially expressed (DE) and/or key regulators of FE. Finally, we explored lncRNA genomic location and interactions with miRNA and mRNA to infer potential function. We were able to identify 126 relevant lncRNA for FE in Bos indicus, some with high homology to previously identified lncRNA in Bos taurus and some possible specific regulators of FE in indicine cattle. Moreover, lncRNA identified here were linked to previously described mechanisms related to FE in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and are expected to help elucidate this complex phenotype. This study contributes to expanding the catalogue of lncRNA, particularly in indicine cattle, and identifies candidates for further studies in animal selection and management.

179 COMPARISON OF OOCYTE AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION AMONG BOS TAURUS, BOS INDICUS, AND INDICUS-TAURUS DONOR COWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. F. Pontes ◽  
K. C. F. Silva ◽  
A. C. Basso ◽  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
G. M. G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Donor Cows

In recent years, Brazil has become the leading country in the world for the number of embryos produced in vitro (Thibier M 2009 IETS Embryo Transfer Newsletter 22, 12-19). This is partly due to the large numbers of Bos indicus animals in Brazil, making up about 80% of the total cattle. The mean oocyte production per ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration from Bos indicus is higher than those for European breeds (Pontes JHF et al. 2009 Theriogenology 71, 690-697). In the present study, we analyzed 5407 ovum pick ups (OPU) and compared the average production of total (n = 90,086) and viable (n = 64,826) oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Gir (Bos taurus indicus), Holstein (Bos taurus taurus), 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed cows. To obtain oocytes, OPU was repeated from 4 to 7 times (mean = 5.7 ± 2.4) in each donor cow aged from 3 to 7 years (mean = 5.0 ± 2.3) during a 12-mo period. COCs (n = 90,086) obtained were classified according to the presence of cumulus cells and the oocyte cytoplasm aspect (homogeneous or heterogeneous/fragmented). The viable oocytes (n = 64,826) were in vitro matured for 24 h at 38.8°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Since this was a commercial programm, frozen sexed semen (2 × 106 mL-1) from Gir (n = 8) or Holstein (n = 7) sires previously tested for high efficiency was used for IVF. Fertilization was carried out (18-20 h) and the presumed embryos were cultured for 7 days in the same conditions as were used for IVM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. On average, 16.7 ± 6.2 oocytes were obtained per OPU/IVF procedure and 71.96% were considered viable. The mean numbers of total oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 17.1 ± 4.4 for Gir cows (n = 617), 11.4 ± 3.9 for Holstein cows (n = 180), 20.4 ± 5.8 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir (n = 44), and 31.4 ± 5.6 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (n = 37, P < 0.01). The mean numbers of viable oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 12.1 ± 3.8 for Gir cows, 8.0 ± 2.6 for Holstein cows, 16.8, ± 5.0 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 24.3 ± 4.7 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (P < 0.01). The average number of embryos produced by OPU/IVF were 3.2 (n = 12,243/3378) for Gir cows, 2.2 (n = 2426/1138) for Holstein cows, 3.9 (n = 1033/267) for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 5.5 (n = 1222/224) for 1/2 Holstein-Gir. The average number of embryos produced per IVF session from 1/2 taurus × indicus donor cows was greater (P < 0.01) than from Bos indicus cows. The number of recoverable and viable oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Bos indicus donors were higher than from Bos taurus females. Therefore, the highest oocyte yield and the greatest embryo production were obtained from 1/2 taurus × indicus females. This work was supported by In Vitro Brasil.

scholarly journals Links between the rumen microbiota, methane emissions and feed efficiency of finishing steers offered dietary lipid and nitrate supplementation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Bowen ◽  
Paul Cormican ◽  
Susan J. Lister ◽  
Matthew S. McCabe ◽  
Carol-Anne Duthie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Estimation of Cutting Temperature in High-Feed-Speed Machining of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuki Ishida ◽  
◽  
Ryo Koike ◽  
Tojiro Aoyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Kakinuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

In recent years, many composite materials have been used in industry. Among such materials, the demand for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is increasing. Although CRFP is used in various fields such as the aerospace industry, automotive industry, and sports equipment because of its light weight and high strength, it has poor production efficiency. Thus, carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP), with characteristics similar to CFRP but higher in production efficiency, has attracted attention in areas such as the automotive industry. Because CFRTP is used as a structural element, it is usually drilled to allow connection to other parts. However, it is a difficult-to-cut material requiring the development of a high-accuracy, high-efficiency processing method. This study proposes high-feed-speed processing as a method that achieves high-quality drilling at low cost. The cutting temperature was estimated to verify the effect of the high-feed-speed processing method, and processing conditions that prevented delamination and burring were identified.

scholarly journals Glutathione and respiratory chain complex activity in duodenal mitochondria of broilers with low and high feed efficiency

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ojano-Dirain ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
T. Wing ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
W. Bottje
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Chain Complex ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complex ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
High Feed

scholarly journals The rumen microbiome of yak co-evolves with its host probably adding the adaptation to its harsh environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Zhao ◽  
Lamei Wang ◽  
Shanlin Ke ◽  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Ákos Kenéz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background Rumen microbes play an important role in ruminant energy supply and animal performance. Previous studies showed that yak (Bos grunniens) rumen microbiome and fermentation differ from other ruminants. However, little is understood on the features of the rumen microbiome that make yak adapted to its unique environmental and dietary conditions. Here we investigated the rumen microbiome and metabolome to understand how yak adapts to the coarse forage and harsh environment in the high Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Result Metataxonomic analysis of the rumen microbiota revealed that yak (Bos grunniens), domesticated cattle (Bos taurus), and dzo (a hybrid between the yak and domestic cattle) have distinct rumen microbiota. Metagenomic analysis displayed a larger gene pool encoding a richer repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the rumen microbiome of yak and dzo than cattle. Some of the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (GH) that mediate the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose were significantly enriched in the rumen of yak than cattle, but the cattle rumen microbiome had more genes assigned to GH57 that primarily includes amylases. The rumen fermentation profile differed also, with cattle having a higher molar proportion of acetate but a lower molar proportion of propionate than dzo and yak. Metabolomic analysis showed differences in both rumen microbial metabolic pathways and metabolites, mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, sugars, and bile acids. Notably, styrene degradation, primary bile acid biosynthesis, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism significantly differed between cattle and dzo; streptomycin biosynthesis was significantly different between cattle and yak; and the pathways for biotin metabolism and styrene degradation significantly differed between dzo and yak. Correlation analysis revealed certain microbial species correlated with differential rumen metabolites. Nine differential metabolites showed a positive correlation with seven species belonging to Bacteroides and Alistipes but a negative correlation with ten species belonging to Prevotella and Ruminococcus. Conclusion The present study showed that the rumen microbiome of yak and its host had probably co-evolved aiding in the adaptation of yak to the harsh dietary environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. In particular, the yak rumen microbiome has more enzymes involved in the degradation of rough forage than that of cattle, providing sufficient energy for its host.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document