scholarly journals Potential prognostic factors for hamstring muscle injury in elite male soccer players: A prospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241127
Author(s):  
Ismet Shalaj ◽  
Masar Gjaka ◽  
Norbert Bachl ◽  
Barbara Wessner ◽  
Harald Tschan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Hamstring injuries remain the most common injury type across many professional sports. Despite a variety of intervention strategies, its incidence in soccer players playing in the UEFA Champions League has increased by 4% per year over the last decade. Test batteries trying to identify potential risk factors have produced inconclusive results. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively record hamstring injuries, to investigate the incidence and characteristics of the injuries, and to identify possible risk factors in elite male soccer players, playing in the Kosovo national premier league. A total of 143 soccer players from 11 teams in Kosovo were recruited. To identify possible prevalent musculoskeletal or medical conditions a widespread health and fitness assessment was performed including isokinetic strength testing, Nordic hamstring strength test, functional tests, and a comprehensive anamnesis surveying previous hamstring injuries. On average 27.9% of the players sustained at least one hamstring injury with three players suffering bilateral strains with the re-injury rate being 23%. Injured players were significantly older and heavier and had a higher body mass index compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). There was a lower passing rate in the Nordic hamstring strength test and a higher injury incidence among the previously injured players compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). Except for hamstring/quadriceps ratio and relative torque at 60°/sec (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant leg, there were no other significant differences in isokinetic strength regardless of the angular velocity. No differences were observed for functional tests between cohorts. Regression analysis revealed that age, Nordic hamstring strength test, previous injury history, and isokinetic concentric torque at 240°/sec could determine hamstring injuries by 25.9%, with no other significant predicting risk factors. The battery of laboratory and field-based tests performed during preseason to determine performance related skills showed limited diagnostic conclusiveness, making it difficult to detect players at risk for future hamstring injuries.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Investigation of Muscle Injuries in an Elite Spanish Male Academy Soccer Club: A Hamstring Injuries Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Mark de Ste Croix ◽  
Paul Read ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

The aims of this study were to analyze the muscle injury incidence in an elite Spanish soccer academy during three consecutive seasons attending to different chronological age groups (i.e., U14, U16, U19 and senior) and to examine the hamstring injury incidence in this elite soccer academy. Elite male youth soccer players (227) participated in this study. A total of 207 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries that involve at least one absence day) were observed during this study period. The overall incidence rate of muscle injury was 1.74 muscle injuries/1000 h. In addition, higher muscle injury incidence was observed during match play in comparison to training sessions (6.78 vs. 3.20 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05). The oldest age group presented the highest injury rate (2.73 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05), with the burden (i.e., number of absence days per 1000 h of exposure) peak values recorded in the U16 age group (26.45 absence days/1000 h). In addition, muscle tears accounted for the greatest percentage of muscle injuries (43.5%), and the most frequent anatomical site of injury was the hamstring (30.4%). Muscle tear was the most common type of hamstring injury (49.2%), with the biceps femoris the most commonly injured muscle of the hamstring complex (39.7%). Fullbacks (FB), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (F) suffered a greater number of hamstring injuries. Hamstring injury incidence showed a seasonal variation, as indicated by peaks in August and October. Specifically, the highest injury incidence was observed in the final part of each period during match play. These results reinforce the necessity to implement individual preventive strategies according to each specific injury profile across the youth soccer development phase.

scholarly journals Hamstring and Ankle Flexibility Deficits Are Weak Risk Factors for Hamstring Injury in Professional Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 438 Players Including 78 Injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2203-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicol van Dyk ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Roald Bahr ◽  
Erik Witvrouw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

Background: Hamstring injuries remain a significant injury burden in sports such as soccer that involve high-speed running. It has repeatedly been identified as the most common noncontact injury in elite male soccer, representing 12% of all injuries. As the incidence of hamstring injuries remains high, investigations are aimed at better understanding how to prevent hamstring injuries. Stretching to improve flexibility is commonly used in elite-level sports, but risk factor studies have reported contradicting results, leading to unclear conclusions regarding flexibility as a risk factor for hamstring injuries. Purpose: To investigate the association of lower limb flexibility with the risk of hamstring injuries in professional soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: All teams (n = 18) eligible to compete in the premier soccer league in Qatar (Qatar Stars League [QSL]) underwent a comprehensive musculoskeletal assessment during their annual periodic health evaluation at Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in Doha, Qatar. Variables included passive knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. A clustered multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify associations with the risk of hamstring injuries. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results: A total of 438 unique players (72.4% of all QSL players) competed for 601 player-seasons (148 players competed both seasons) and sustained 78 hamstring injuries. Passive knee extension range of motion (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95-0.99]; P = .008) and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]; P = .02) were independently associated with the injury risk. The absolute differences between the injured and uninjured players were 1.8° and 1.4 cm, respectively, with small effect sizes ( d < 0.2). The ROC curve analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.52 for passive knee extension and 0.61 for ankle dorsiflexion, indicating failed to poor combined sensitivity and specificity of the 2 strength variables identified in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: This study identified deficits in passive hamstring and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion as weak risk factors for a hamstring injury. These findings have little clinical value in predicting the risk of future hamstring injuries, and test results must therefore be interpreted cautiously in athletic screening.

Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in High School Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Yuki Hasebe ◽  
Kiyokazu Akasaka ◽  
Takahiro Otsudo ◽  
Yomei Tachibana ◽  
Toby Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Exercise Compliance

AbstractWe evaluated a range of physical characteristics related to hamstring injuries, as well as the Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, and whether this influenced the rate hamstring injury. Subjects comprised 259 male soccer players from seven high schools randomly clustered into two groups, a Nordic Hamstring Exercise group and a control group. Training and match time were logged, as well as details of hamstring injury, and subsequent time lost to hamstring injury recorded over a period of 27 weeks. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, injury rate per 10000 playing hours and time-lost-to-sport-injury rate were calculated. The relative risk and hamstring injury severity were also calculated. The hamstring injury rate was 1.04/10 000 h in the control group and 0.88/10 000 h in the intervention group. The relative risk for hamstring injury was 1.14. The time-lost to injury rate was 1116.3/10 000 h in the control group and 113.7/10 000 h in the intervention group; with relative risk 9.81. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise in high school soccer players significantly reduced hamstring injury severity compared to a control intervention. Our results indicate that the time-lost to injury rate should be taken into account when analyzing the severity of hamstring injury.

The Effectiveness of Nordic Hamstring Exercises in Reducing Hamstring Injuries in Competitive Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Cuchna ◽  
Lauren Welsch ◽  
Taylor Meier ◽  
Chyrsten L. Regelski ◽  
Bonnie Van Lunen
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

Clinical Question:Are Nordic hamstring exercises more effective than standardized training in reducing hamstring strain injury rates in competitive soccer players over the course of at least one season?Clinical Bottom Line:The evidence supports the use of Nordic hamstring exercises to reduce hamstring injury incidence rates over a competitive soccer season. Therefore, progressive Nordic hamstring exercises should be included within some aspect of a practice to prevent the occurrence of hamstring injuries.

Preventive Effect of Eccentric Training on Acute Hamstring Injuries in Men’s Soccer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Petersen ◽  
Kristian Thorborg ◽  
Michael Bachmann Nielsen ◽  
Esben Budtz-Jørgensen ◽  
Per Hölmich
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Recurrent Injury

Background: The incidence of acute hamstring injuries is high in several sports, including the different forms of football. Purpose: The authors investigated the preventive effect of eccentric strengthening of the hamstring muscles using the Nordic hamstring exercise compared with no additional hamstring exercise on the rate of acute hamstring injuries in male soccer players. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Fifty Danish male professional and amateur soccer teams (942 players) were allocated to an intervention group (461 players) or a control group (481 players). Players in the intervention group conducted a 10-week progressive eccentric training program followed by a weekly seasonal program, whereas players in the control group followed their usual training program. The main outcome measures were numbers of overall, new, and recurrent acute hamstring injuries during 1 full soccer season. Results: Fifty-two acute hamstring injuries in the control group compared with 15 injuries in the intervention group were registered. Comparing intervention versus the control group, overall acute hamstring injury rates per 100 player seasons were 3.8 versus 13.1 (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 0.293; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.150-0.572; P < .001). New injury rates per 100 player seasons were 3.1 versus 8.1 (RR, 0.410; 95% CI, 0.180-0.933; P = .034), whereas recurrent injury rates per 100 player seasons were 7.1 versus 45.8 (RR, 0.137; 95% CI, 0.037-0.509; P = .003). Number needed to treat [NNT] to prevent 1 acute hamstring injury (new or recurrent) is 13 (95% CI, 9-23) players. The NNT to prevent 1 new injury is 25 (95% CI, 15-72) players, and NNT to prevent 1 recurrent injury is 3 (95% CI, 2-6) players. Conclusion: In male professional and amateur soccer players, additional eccentric hamstring exercise decreased the rate of overall, new, and recurrent acute hamstring injuries.

No Relationship Between Hamstring Flexibility and Hamstring Injuries in Male Amateur Soccer Players: A Prospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell C.M. van Doormaal ◽  
Nick van der Horst ◽  
Frank J.G. Backx ◽  
Dirk-Wouter Smits ◽  
Bionka M.A. Huisstede
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Background: In soccer, although hamstring flexibility is thought to play a major role in preventing hamstring injuries, the relationship between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries in male amateur soccer players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 450 male first-class amateur soccer players (mean age, 24.5 years). Hamstring flexibility was measured by performing the sit-and-reach test (SRT). The relationship between hamstring flexibility and the occurrence of hamstring injuries in the following year, while adjusting for the possible confounding effects of age and previous hamstring injuries, was determined with a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 450 soccer players, 21.8% reported a hamstring injury in the previous year. The mean (±SD) baseline score for the SRT was 21.2 ± 9.2 cm. During the 1-year follow-up period, 23 participants (5.1%) suffered a hamstring injury. In the multivariate analysis, while adjusting for age and previous injuries, no significant relationship was found between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries ( P = .493). Conclusion: In this group of soccer players, hamstring flexibility (measured with the SRT) was not related to hamstring injuries. Age and previous hamstring injuries as possible confounders did not appear to influence this relationship. Other etiological factors need to be examined to further elucidate the mechanism of hamstring injuries.

Intrinsic Risk Factors for Hamstring Injuries Among Male Soccer Players

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hauge Engebretsen ◽  
Grethe Myklebust ◽  
Ingar Holme ◽  
Lars Engebretsen ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

scholarly journals Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongchun Tang ◽  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Wenda Yang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Liping Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Gender Specific

This cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the potential risk factors of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) among middle-school students of different genders. Selected by the random cluster sampling method, students aged from 12 to 16 years old in grades 7–8 from six middle schools in Shantou, southern China, were recruited for this investigation in November 2017. Information about socio-demographics, physical activity (PA) exposure time, individual exercise behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and PARI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of PARI. A total of 1270 students completed valid questionnaires, with an overall injury incidence of 33.6% (boys: 42.0%; girls: 25.0%), an injury risk of 0.68 injuries/student/year, and an injury rate of 1.43 injuries per 1000 PA exposure hours. For boys, living in a school dormitory, participating in sports teams, exercising on a wet floor, rebellious behavior, and having longer PA exposure time were the risk factors of PARI. For girls, those who were sports team members, whose parents were divorced or separated, and those with longer PA exposure time were more vulnerable to suffer from PARI. In conclusion, PARI was a health problem among middle school students in southern China. Boys and girls differed in PARI occurrence and were affected by different risk factors, which provides a basis for targeted gender-specific intervention programs to reduce the occurrence of PARI among middle-school students.

Risk Factors in Elite, Adolescent Male Soccer Players: Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-605
Author(s):  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Adam J. Loiacono ◽  
Alexandra Blenis ◽  
Jennifer M. Morse ◽  
Dennis R. Borg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Back Injury ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Purpose. To find risk factors for soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries among elite, adolescent male soccer players. Methods. Prior to the season, various physical, clinical, and functional measurements were taken. One season was used as an injury surveillance period. Then, after the season, measures of potential risk factors were compared between (1) those players who sustained musculoskeletal injuries and (2) those who remained injury free. Results. Among 61 players, 37.7% (23/61) sustained soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries. After adjusting for covariates in a logistic regression model, presence of previous hip and low back injury (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.93, P = .046) and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores (aOR = 1.92, P = .022) were independently associated with musculoskeletal injures. Conclusion. Elite, adolescent male soccer players with a history of hip and back injury are at greater risk of sustaining a soccer-related musculoskeletal injury. In addition, our study indicated greater risk of sustaining a future soccer-related injury as FMS scores increase.

scholarly journals Hamstring Injuries Prevention in Soccer: A Narrative Review of Current Literature

Joints ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Nicola Bisciotti ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Emanuele Cena ◽  
Giulia Carimati ◽  
Alessandro Bisciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Injury Risk Factors

AbstractHamstring injuries and reinjuries are one of the most important sport lesions in several sport activities including soccer, Australian football, track and field, rugby, and in general in all sport activities requiring sprinting and acceleration. However, it is important to distinguish between the lesions of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Indeed, three muscles representing the hamstring complex have a very different injury etiology and consequently require different prevention strategies. This fact may explain, at least in part, the high incidence of reinjuries. In soccer, hamstring injuries cause an important rate of time loss (i.e., in average 15–21 matches missed per club per season). The hamstring injury risk factors may be subdivided in three categories: “primary injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors mainly causing a first lesion), “recurrent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk that can cause a reinjury), and bivalent injury risk factors” (i.e., the risk factors that can cause both primary injuries and reinjuries). The high incidence of hamstring lesions caused consequently an important increase in hamstring injury research. However, although the prevention has increased paradoxically, epidemiological data do not show a loss in injuries and/or reinjuries but, on the contrary, they show an increase in hamstring injuries. This apparent paradox highlights the importance both of the improvement in the prevention programs quality and the criteria for return to play after hamstring injury.

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