scholarly journals A Longitudinal Investigation of Muscle Injuries in an Elite Spanish Male Academy Soccer Club: A Hamstring Injuries Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Mark de Ste Croix ◽  
Paul Read ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

The aims of this study were to analyze the muscle injury incidence in an elite Spanish soccer academy during three consecutive seasons attending to different chronological age groups (i.e., U14, U16, U19 and senior) and to examine the hamstring injury incidence in this elite soccer academy. Elite male youth soccer players (227) participated in this study. A total of 207 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries that involve at least one absence day) were observed during this study period. The overall incidence rate of muscle injury was 1.74 muscle injuries/1000 h. In addition, higher muscle injury incidence was observed during match play in comparison to training sessions (6.78 vs. 3.20 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05). The oldest age group presented the highest injury rate (2.73 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05), with the burden (i.e., number of absence days per 1000 h of exposure) peak values recorded in the U16 age group (26.45 absence days/1000 h). In addition, muscle tears accounted for the greatest percentage of muscle injuries (43.5%), and the most frequent anatomical site of injury was the hamstring (30.4%). Muscle tear was the most common type of hamstring injury (49.2%), with the biceps femoris the most commonly injured muscle of the hamstring complex (39.7%). Fullbacks (FB), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (F) suffered a greater number of hamstring injuries. Hamstring injury incidence showed a seasonal variation, as indicated by peaks in August and October. Specifically, the highest injury incidence was observed in the final part of each period during match play. These results reinforce the necessity to implement individual preventive strategies according to each specific injury profile across the youth soccer development phase.

Injury Profile of Elite Male Young Soccer Players in a Spanish Professional Soccer Club: A Prospective Study During 4 Consecutive Seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Luis Suárez-Arrones ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
A Prospective Study

Context: As the number of injuries in young soccer players increases, an epidemiological study is the first step in improving preventive strategies. Objectives: To analyze the injury profile of a Spanish professional soccer club’s academy during 4 consecutive seasons and to examine the injury incidence across different chronological age groups. Design: Prospective cohort design. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected during 4 consecutive seasons. Participants: Three hundred nine elite male young soccer players. Main Outcomes Measures: Injuries that led to participation time missed from training and match play prospectively reported by medical or coaching staff of the club. Results: A total of 464 time-loss injuries were observed during this study period. The overall injury incidence was 2.93 injuries per 1000 hours, with higher incidence during matches than during training (10.16 vs 2.10 injuries/1000 h; rate ratio [RR] = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.25; P < .05), with the U14 age group presenting the lowest injury rate (2.39 injuries/1000 h; RR = 1.15–1.57; P < .05). In terms of injury severity, moderate injuries were the most frequent (1.42 injuries/1000 h). Muscle injuries were the most common type of injuries (57.7%; 2.75 injuries/1000 h; RR = 1.84–13.4; P < .05), and hamstrings (93/268) were the most affected muscle group (0.58 injuries/1000 h; RR = 1.58–2.91; P < .05). Injury incidence showed a seasonal variation as indicated by peaks in August and October. In matches, specifically, the match period between 75 and 90 minutes showed the highest injury incidence (10.29 injuries/1000 h; RR = 1.89–6.38; P < .01). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that specific preventive strategies must be implemented to try to reduce the injury incidence in Spanish elite young soccer players attending to the characteristics of each age group.

The burden of muscle injuries in youth football

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Substantial Problem

Background: Muscle injuries affect up to 72% of professional soccer players within one season and there are well reviewed, but muscle injuries in youth soccer players are not widely documented. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence, localization, pathomechanism and point of time of indirect muscle injuries in youth soccer players. Methods: Prospective cohort study. 5 teams (U15, U16, U17, U18 and U21) with 110 young male football players (age 16,8 (14,3–21) years, height 174,5 (146,1–190,0) cm, weight 65,7 (35,5–84,6) kg) were monitored for 12 months. Every muscle injury was documented and monitored on a standardized evaluation score. Results: In total, 53 muscle injuries were registered. On average, a player sustained 0,4 muscle injuries per season. There was only one re-injury (2%). The injury rate was 1,5 injuries per 1000h match- or /training hours, the match injury rate (6,9) being 7,7 times higher than the training injury rate (0,9). Sixty-nine percent were functional muscle injuries. Thirty-seven percent of all muscle injuries affected the hamstrings group and twenty-eight percent the adductors. The most common pathomechanism was overload (28%). Most of the injuries were recorded during the last 15 minutes of a game or a training (39,6%). Conclusion: Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for players and clubs, also in young male football players. This study confirmed previous results showing that the injury rate during games is higher than during trainings and that hamstrings injuries are the most common muscle injuries in soccer. However, a prolonged study period is recommended to gain better statistical values.

scholarly journals Potential prognostic factors for hamstring muscle injury in elite male soccer players: A prospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241127
Author(s):  
Ismet Shalaj ◽  
Masar Gjaka ◽  
Norbert Bachl ◽  
Barbara Wessner ◽  
Harald Tschan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Hamstring injuries remain the most common injury type across many professional sports. Despite a variety of intervention strategies, its incidence in soccer players playing in the UEFA Champions League has increased by 4% per year over the last decade. Test batteries trying to identify potential risk factors have produced inconclusive results. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively record hamstring injuries, to investigate the incidence and characteristics of the injuries, and to identify possible risk factors in elite male soccer players, playing in the Kosovo national premier league. A total of 143 soccer players from 11 teams in Kosovo were recruited. To identify possible prevalent musculoskeletal or medical conditions a widespread health and fitness assessment was performed including isokinetic strength testing, Nordic hamstring strength test, functional tests, and a comprehensive anamnesis surveying previous hamstring injuries. On average 27.9% of the players sustained at least one hamstring injury with three players suffering bilateral strains with the re-injury rate being 23%. Injured players were significantly older and heavier and had a higher body mass index compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). There was a lower passing rate in the Nordic hamstring strength test and a higher injury incidence among the previously injured players compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). Except for hamstring/quadriceps ratio and relative torque at 60°/sec (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant leg, there were no other significant differences in isokinetic strength regardless of the angular velocity. No differences were observed for functional tests between cohorts. Regression analysis revealed that age, Nordic hamstring strength test, previous injury history, and isokinetic concentric torque at 240°/sec could determine hamstring injuries by 25.9%, with no other significant predicting risk factors. The battery of laboratory and field-based tests performed during preseason to determine performance related skills showed limited diagnostic conclusiveness, making it difficult to detect players at risk for future hamstring injuries.

scholarly journals Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Gabriel Baltazar-Martins ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Genotype A

The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin (p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries.

scholarly journals Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103159
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Armin Spreco ◽  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Individual Player

BackgroundThe UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football.ObjectiveTo analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players.Methods3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000–2001 through 2018–2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries.ResultsA total of 11 820 time-loss injuries were recorded during 1 784 281 hours of exposure. Injury incidence fell gradually during the 18-year study period, 3% per season for both training injuries (95% CI 1% to 4% decrease, p=0.002) and match injuries (95% CI 2% to 3% decrease, p<0.001). Ligament injury incidence decreased 5% per season during training (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001) and 4% per season during match play (95% CI 3% to 6% decrease, p<0.001), while the rate of muscle injuries remained constant. The incidence of reinjuries decreased by 5% per season during both training (95% CI 2% to 8% decrease, p=0.001) and matches (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001). Squad availability increased by 0.7% per season for training sessions (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8% increase, p<0.001) and 0.2% per season for matches (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3% increase, p=0.001).ConclusionsOver 18 years: (1) injury incidence decreased in training and matches, (2) reinjury rates decreased, and (3) player availability for training and match play increased.

Hamstring rehabilitation in elite track and field athletes: applying the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification in clinical practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 1464-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Macdonald ◽  
Stephen McAleer ◽  
Shane Kelly ◽  
Robin Chakraverty ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Injury Classification

RationaleHamstring injuries are common in elite sports. Muscle injury classification systems aim to provide a framework for diagnosis. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes an MRI classification system with clearly defined, anatomically focused classes based on the site of injury: (a) myofascial, (b) muscle–tendon junction or (c) intratendinous; and the extent of the injury, graded from 0 to 4. However, there are no clinical guidelines that link the specific diagnosis (as above) with a focused rehabilitation plan.ObjectiveWe present an overview of the general principles of, and rationale for, exercise-based hamstring injury rehabilitation in British Athletics. We describe how British Athletics clinicians use the BAMIC to help manage elite track and field athletes with hamstring injury. Within each class of injury, we discuss four topics: clinical presentation, healing physiology, how we prescribe and progress rehabilitation and how we make the shared decision to return to full training. We recommend a structured and targeted diagnostic and rehabilitation approach to improve outcomes after hamstring injury.

scholarly journals Hamstring injuries in elite Gaelic football: an 8-year investigation to identify injury rates, time-loss patterns and players at increased risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (15) ◽  
pp. 982-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Roe ◽  
John C Murphy ◽  
Conor Gissane ◽  
Catherine Blake
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention Programmes

BackgroundHamstring injuries occur frequently in field sports, yet longitudinal information to guide prevention programmes is missing.AimInvestigate longitudinal hamstring injury rates and associated time loss in elite Gaelic football, while identifying subgroups of players at increased risk.Methods38 data sets from 15 elite male Gaelic football teams were received by the National Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) Injury Surveillance Database between 2008 and 2015. Injury and exposure data were provided by the team's medical staff via an online platform.Results391 hamstring injuries were sustained accounting for 21% (95% CI 20.0% to 21.7%) of all injuries. Prevalence was 21% (95% CI 19.2% to 23.4%). Incidences were 2.2 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.4) per 1000 exposure hours, and 7.0 (95% CI 6.5 to 7.1) times greater in match play than in training. Typically each team sustained 9.0 (95% CI 7.0 to 11.0) hamstring injuries per season affecting the: bicep femoris belly (44%; 95% CI 39.4% to 48.7%); proximal musculotendinous junction (13%; 95% CI 9.8% to 16.3%); distal musculotendinous junction (12%; 95% CI 8.6% to 14.9%) and semimembranosis/semitendinosis belly (9%; 95% CI 6.3% to 11.7%). ∼36% (95% CI 31.5% to 41.0%) were recurrent injuries. Mean time loss was 26.0 (95% CI 21.1 to 33.0) days, which varied with age, injury type and seasonal cycle. Hamstring injuries accounted for 31% (95% CI 25.8% to 38.2%) of injury-related time loss. Previously injured players (rate ratio (RR)=3.3), players aged 18–20 years (IRR=2.3) or >30 years (RR=2.3), as well as defensive (IRR=2.0) and midfield players (RR=1.5), were most at risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. Comparisons of 2008–2011 with 2012–2015 seasons revealed a 2-fold increase in hamstring injury incidences. Between 2008 and 2015 training incidence increased 2.3-fold and match-play incidences increased 1.3-fold.ConclusionsHamstring injuries are the most frequent injury in elite Gaelic football, with incidences increasing from 2008–2011 to 2012–2015. Tailoring risk management strategies to injury history, age and playing position may reduce the burden of hamstring injuries.

scholarly journals Changes in Injury Risk Mechanisms After Soccer-Specific Fatigue in Male Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Mark De Ste Croix ◽  
Zuzana Xaverova ◽  
Michal Botek ◽  
Renata Varekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Specific Protocol

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of soccer specific fatigue on muscular and neuromuscular function in male youth soccer players. Elite soccer players (n = 20; age 15.7 ± 0.5 y; body height 177.75 ± 6.61 cm; body mass 67.28 ± 8.29 kg) were measured before and after soccer specific exercise (SAFT90). The reactive strength index (RSI) was determined by a drop jump test, leg stiffness (LS) by a 20 sub-maximal two-legged hopping test, and a functional hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio from isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength of the dominant and non-dominant leg (measured at angular velocities of 1.05 rad · s−1and 3.14 rad · s−1). Metabolic response to the SAFT90was determined by blood lactate and perceived exertion was assessed by the Borg scale. After simulated match play, a significant decrease in absolute LS (t = 4.411; p < 0.001; ω2= 0.48) and relative LS (t = 4.326; p < 0.001; ω2= 0.49) was observed and the RSI increased significantly (t = 3.806; p = 0.001; ω2= 0.40). A reduction in LS found after the SAFT90indicates possible reduction in dynamic knee stabilization. However, if we consider the changes in other observed variables, the present study did not clearly confirm that fatigue induced by a soccer specific protocol increased the risk of ACL and hamstring injury. This may be attributed to the simulated rather than actual match play used in the present study.

Hamstring injury in futsal players: the effect of active range of motion (AROM) deficit on the full recovery time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Smirnova ◽  
Aleksandr Derinov ◽  
Irina Glazkova
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Active Range Of Motion

Abstract Background Hamstring muscle injuries are one of the most common traumas occurring in athletes and football players. Thus, the recovery time is crucial for their return to full athlete activity. Objective This article examines cases of hamstring injury in futsal players and finds association between the active range of motion (AROM) deficit and the full recovery time. Methods For this study, 200 futsal players with acute, first-time, unilateral posterior hamstring injuries were recruited, all men. All patients underwent clinical examination and ultrasonography. In 74 of 200 patients, sonography revealed no abnormalities in the musculoligamentary structures. Thereby, they were excluded from further investigation. Only 126 futsal players underwent measurement of the active range of motion with a 30-cm clear plastic inclinometer. Injured areas were compared with the normal hamstrings in all athletes and with the control group, and the AROM deficit was evaluated. The association between the full recovery time and the AROM deficit was identified. A control group (100 men) underwent examination in the same series of steps as the study group. Results Biceps femoris was the most commonly injured muscle, making up 80% of injuries. The musculotendinous junction, proximal and distal, was involved in 91% of injury cases. Twelve athletes had an AROM deficit of 25 to 35 degrees and reached full recovery at 2.5 months and later. Seventy or 55.5% of athletes had an AROM deficit less than 15 degrees and felt fully recovered only in a month. Conclusions The classification system of hamstring muscle injuries that is offered here is based on an objective clinical marker (active knee ROM deficit), is easily applicable, and is indicative of recovery duration.

scholarly journals The prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limb in professional soccer players who perform Salah regularly: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bezuglov ◽  
Oleg Talibov ◽  
Mikhail Butovskiy ◽  
Anastasiya Lyubushkina ◽  
Vladimir Khaitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The present study assessed the prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limbs, including hamstring injuries, in professional Russian soccer players who regularly perform Salah, an obligatory Muslim prayer performed 5 times a day. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, 68 professional male soccer players (excluding goalkeepers), 34 of whom were Muslims regularly performing Salah (exposure group) and 34 were randomly chosen non-Muslim players (control group), were included in the study. The groups were similar in their playing leagues, field positions, age (27 ± 3.1 vs 28 ± 4.2 years), and body mass index (22 ± 1.2 vs 23 ± 0.92 kg/m2). Results The incidence of hamstring injury was significantly lower in the exposure group (2 vs 14, p = 0.0085). A declining trend for the number of muscle injuries (either hamstring or not) was observed in the exposure group (11 vs 27, p = 0.0562). Two players in the exposure group and 11 in the control group (p = 0.0115, OR 0.1307, 95% CI 0.0276 to 0.5698) suffered a hamstring injury, with no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of other injuries. The total amount of the training and play days missed because of hamstring and other muscle injuries was significantly lower in the exposure group (24 vs 213 days, p = 0.0043, and 200 vs 344 days, p = 0.0066, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries, including hamstring injuries, was lower in professional Russian soccer players who regularly performed Salah.

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