scholarly journals Affective touch topography and body image

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0243680
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Sofia Sacchetti ◽  
Shelby Shin ◽  
Adarsh Makdani ◽  
Paula D. Trotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Affective Touch ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
Ct System

Recent evidence suggests that altered responses to affective touch—a pleasant interoceptive stimulus associated with activation of the C-Tactile (CT) system—may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of mental conditions characterised by body image disturbances (e.g., Anorexia Nervosa). Here, we investigated whether tactile pleasantness and intensity differ across body sites, and if individual differences in dysmorphic appearance concerns and body and emotional awareness might be associated with touch perceptions across body sites. To this end, we measured perceived pleasantness and intensity of gentle, dynamic stroking touches applied to the palm, forearm, face, abdomen and back of 30 female participants (mean age: 25.87±1.17yrs) using CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and non-CT optimal (0.3 and 30 cm/s) stroking touch. As expected, participants rated CT-targeted touch as more pleasant compared to the two non-CT optimal stroking touch at all body sites. Regardless of stroking velocity, touch applied to the abdomen elicited the lowest pleasantness ratings. Lower levels of emotional awareness, greater levels of interoceptive sensibility and of dysmorphic concerns were associated with lower preference for CT-optimal stroking touch applied to the forearm and the back. These findings begin to elucidate the link between CT sensitivity, dysmorphic appearance concerns and body and emotional awareness, which may have implications for future research looking to inform early interventions. Addressing impaired processing of affective interoceptive stimuli, such as CT-targeted touch, may be the key to current treatment approaches available for those populations at risk of disorders characterised by body image disturbance.

scholarly journals Topical heterogeneity in affective touch: Does it impact body image?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Sofia Sacchetti ◽  
Shelby Shin ◽  
Adarsh Makdani ◽  
Paula Diane Trotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Touch ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
Ct System

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that altered responses to affective touch - a pleasant interoceptive stimulus associated with activation of the C-Tactile (CT) system, may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of mental conditions characterised by body image disturbances (e.g., Anorexia Nervosa). Here, we investigated whether tactile pleasantness and intensity differ across body sites, and if individual differences in dysmorphic appearance concerns and body awareness might be associated to touch perceptions across body sites. To this end, we measured perceived pleasantness and intensity of gentle, dynamic stroking touches applied to the palm, forearm, face, abdomen and back of 30 female participants (mean age: 25.87±1.17yrs) using CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and non-CT optimal (0.3 and 30 cm/s) stroking touch. As expected, participants rated CT-targeted touch as more pleasant compared to the two non-CT optimal stroking touch at all body sites. Nevertheless, CT-targeted touch applied to the abdomen elicited the lowest pleasantness ratings compared to all other body sites and to the two non-CT optimal stroking touch. Individual differences in body awareness and dysmorphic concerns significantly predicted preference for CT-optimal over non-CT optimal stroking touch applied to the forearm and the back. These findings begin to elucidate the link between CT sensitivity, dysmorphic appearance concerns and body awareness, which may have implications for future research looking to inform early interventions. Addressing impaired processing of affective interoceptive stimuli, such as CT-targeted touch, may be the key to current treatment approaches available for those populations at risk of disorders characterised by body image disturbance.

Body Image Disturbance During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
David B. Sarwer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Image Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Body image disturbances are common among women in the general population. Less is known about their prevalence and impact during pregnancy. This chapter examines the history of body image theory and research. Next, we examine issues related to body image during pregnancy, such as pregravid weight, gestational weight gain, and the unique ways women think about the changes to their body during pregnancy. The role of physical activity, mood, and eating disorders in relation to peripartum body image disturbance is also discussed. Finally, assessment of body image disturbance and existing treatments are presented. Future research is needed to develop peripartum-specific body image assessment tools and to assess the impact of psychosocial interventions during and after pregnancy on body image dissatisfaction.

Body-Image Disturbances in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kalliopuska
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Identity Problem ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
Image Projections

Body-image disturbances are studied by the Draw-A-Person test given to the anorexia nervosa group of 32 and a control group of 30. The Machover scoring system was used. Two new scales were also constructed, the index of disturbed body image and the unity index of the body image. Machover's method differentiated groups from each other statistically significantly including the new ones: the unity index of body image made by Kalliopuska and Siimes in 1980 and Kalliopuska's index of disturbed body image in 1981. Factor analysis of items gave six factors: severe body-image disturbance, body-image adequacy, hostility, regression, unsureness and faltering in body image, and ego-identity problem. Body-image projections varied greatly as the nature of anorexia nervosa is multidimensional.

scholarly journals Body Image in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Emerging Empirical Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wayda-Zalewska ◽  
Barbara Kostecka ◽  
Katarzyna Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Body Image Disturbances

As an element of distorted self-image, body image disturbances may be relevant to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Therefore, this systematic review aims to critically discuss and summarize empirical findings in this matter. Based on the available theoretical models, three body image components were identified: (a) perception, (b) affect and cognition, and (c) general body dissatisfaction. We conducted a systematic search of the empirical literature published in English in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases until June 2021 using a priori eligibility criteria (BPD; BPD symptoms or features in nonclinical groups; quasipsychotic or psychotic symptoms were not considered). We included k = 10 records meeting the criteria. Compared with other analyzed groups, individuals diagnosed with BPD obtained higher scores in the three components of body image disturbances. The issue of body image in BPD is relatively understudied, although current research findings clearly indicate disturbances in all of the abovementioned body image components in individuals with BPD or significant relationships of these components with BPD traits or symptoms both in clinical and nonclinical samples. Eventually, possible practical implications and future research directions are also discussed.

Body Image Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Legenbauer ◽  
Pia Thiemann ◽  
Silja Vocks
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Image Component

Body image is multifaceted and incorporates perceptual, affective, and cognitive components as well as behavioral features. Only few studies have examined the character of body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders. It is unknown whether body-image disturbances in children/adolescent with eating disturbances are comparable to those of adult patients with eating disorders. Body-image disturbance might differ quantitatively and qualitatively according to the cognitive developmental status and the age of the individual. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence for body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders, and how they compare with those adults with eating disorders. Current evidence indicates that older adolescent patients show similar deficits as adult patients with eating disorders, in particular for the attitudinal body-image component. However, evidence for a perceptual body-image disturbance in adolescent patients, in particular anorexia nervosa, is not conclusive. Reliable statements for childhood can hardly be made because clinical studies are not available. Investigations of body-image disturbance in children have focused on the predictive value for eating disorders. Limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and future directions for research and therapy are indicated.

Body Image of Children and Adolescents and Its Measurement: An Overview*

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. Offman ◽  
Susan J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Human Figure Drawing ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Figure Drawing

The lack of a universally accepted definition of body image has impeded our understanding of body image disturbances in children and adolescents. This paper examines the evolution of body image as a multidimensional construct and the difficulties associated with the use of human figure drawing to measure body image. Directions for future research are considered.

The body image and psychopathology in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S353-S353
Author(s):  
M. Ivanov ◽  
N. Platonova ◽  
G. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
Group 5

IntroductionThe body image development begins at an early age. Children with psychopathology may have body image disturbances. It is important to determine nosological specificity of body image disturbances in children.ObjectivesTo reveal body image disturbances in: 20 people (12 boys, 8 girls) having schizophrenia; 18 people (8 boys, 10 girls) with detected fact of sexual abuse (catamnesis study over a 5-year period); control group – 5 boys, 5 girls with normal psycho-physical development.AimsTo reveal body image disturbance in children in case of psychopathology.MethodsAll the children were examined clinically and paraclinically by psychiatrist and clinical psychologist (projective techniques; standardized personality questionnaires and semantic method [analysis of statements]).Results and conclusionsIn children having schizophrenia specific disturbances of proprioceptive self-awareness in the form of senestopathy (feelings of compression, deformation, size loss or size gain of the body) and the idea of physical defect, are considered as the early symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder. In this group of children disturbances of body scheme, difficulties in right/left orientation were detected. In the group of children with detected fact of sexual abuse the following disturbances took place: the body dysmorphic disorder (self-disgust, considering body to be tainted by the abuser, feeling dirty, compulsive body washing, sensitivity to touch) and senestopathy below one's waist, in the area of genitals, feeling dirtiness of the skin and clothes. In the pictures drawn by the children, they represented themselves older, grotesquely painted their faces, pictured strange haircuts, preferring bright and extravagant clothes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Homogeneity of cognitive and behavioural processes underlying the relationship between insomnia and body image disturbance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Akram ◽  
Sarah F. Allen ◽  
Jodie C. Stevenson ◽  
Lambros Lazuras ◽  
Millicent Ackroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

AbstractSpecific cognitive behavioural mechanisms related to selective attention, situational avoidance and physical appearance are implicated in the development and maintenance of insomnia and negative reinforcement of body image disturbances. Therefore, we examined whether these processes potentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and body image perception. N = 728 participants completed self-reported measures of sleep-associated monitoring, insomnia symptoms, body image disturbance and coping with body image challenges. Symptoms of insomnia and sleep-associated monitoring behaviour were independently related to increased reports of body image disturbance, cognitive distortions of body image, appearance fixing (i.e. altering appearance by covering, camouflaging or correcting the perceived defect), avoidance (i.e. attempt to escape or avert stressful body image situations) and reduced levels of positive rationale acceptance (i.e. acceptance of the challenging event and positive self-care or rationale self-talk about one’s appearance). More crucially, sleep-related monitoring on awakening, cognitive distortion of body image and negative coping strategies related to body image (i.e. appearance fixing, avoidance, rationale acceptance) mediated the relationship between reports of body image disturbance and insomnia symptoms. The current findings expand upon previous research demonstrating consistent relationships between poor sleep and increased dissatisfaction with cutaneous features, by providing novel evidence that body image disturbances are associated with symptoms of insomnia. More crucially, we highlight the role of particular cognitive and behavioural mechanisms pertaining to sleep (i.e. selective attention for physical signs of poor sleep) and body image (i.e. avoidance and rationale acceptance) which may be targeted as part of cognitive behavioural treatments.

The Virtual Environment for Body-Image Modification (VEBIM): Development and Preliminary Evaluation

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Body Image Disturbances

The Virtual Environment for Body Image Modification (VEBIM) is a set of tasks aimed at treating body-image disturbances and body dissatisfation associated with eating disorders. Two methods are commonly used to treat body-image disturbance: (1) a cognitive-behavioral therapy to influence patients' feelings of dissatisfaction and (2) a visual-motorial therapy, with the aim of influencing the level of bodily awareness. VEBIM tries to integrate these two therapeutical approaches within an immersive virtual environment. The choice of VEBIM would not only make it possible to intervene simultaneously on all of the forms of bodily representations but also to use for therapeutical purposes the psychophysiological effects provoked on the body by the virtual experience. The paper describes the VEBIM theoretical approach and its characteristics; it also presents a study on a preliminary sample (72 normal subjects) to test the efficacy of this approach.

Lymphedema and Body Image Disturbance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. DeSnyder ◽  
Simona F. Shaitelman ◽  
Mark V. Schaverien
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Body Image Disturbances

Abstract: Lymphedema is a dreaded side effect of cancer treatments. Studies within the field of psychosocial oncology have shed light on the profound effect of lymphedema secondary to treatment of cancer on quality of life, body image, activities of daily living, and financial stress. Patients who develop lymphedema are at risk for body image disturbances. It is critical for healthcare providers to recognize and treat lymphedema at its earliest stages not only to control lymphedema but to mitigate the detrimental downstream effects of lymphedema including body image disturbance, social anxiety, and depression, all of which affect health-related quality of life. For those who experience diminished health-related quality of life due to lymphedema, healthcare providers must intervene with psychosocial support.

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