scholarly journals Regular exposure to a Citrus-based sensory functional food ingredient alleviates the BOLD brain responses to acute pharmacological stress in a pig model of psychosocial chronic stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243893
Author(s):  
Sophie Menneson ◽  
Yann Serrand ◽  
Regis Janvier ◽  
Virginie Noirot ◽  
Pierre Etienne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Pharmacological Stress ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Brain

Psychosocial chronic stress is a critical risk factor for the development of mood disorders. However, little is known about the consequences of acute stress in the context of chronic stress, and about the related brain responses. In the present study we examined the physio-behavioural effects of a supplementation with a sensory functional food ingredient (FI) containing Citrus sinensis extract (D11399, Phodé, France) in a pig psychosocial chronic stress model. Female pigs underwent a 5- to 6-week stress protocol while receiving daily the FI (FI, n = 10) or a placebo (Sham, n = 10). We performed pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to study the brain responses to an acute stress (injection of Synacthen®, a synthetic ACTH-related agonist) and to the FI odour with or without previous chronic supplementation. The olfactory stimulation with the ingredient elicited higher brain responses in FI animals, demonstrating memory retrieval and habituation to the odour. Pharmacological stress with Synacthen injection resulted in an increased activity in several brain regions associated with arousal, associative learning (hippocampus) and cognition (cingulate cortex) in chronically stressed animals. This highlighted the specific impact of acute stress on the brain. These responses were alleviated in animals previously supplemented by the FI during the entire chronic stress exposure. As chronic stress establishes upon the accumulation of acute stress events, any attenuation of the brain responses to acute stress can be interpreted as a beneficial effect, suggesting that FI could be a viable treatment to help individuals coping with repeated stressful events and eventually to reduce chronic stress. This study provides additional evidence on the potential benefits of this FI, of which the long-term consequences in terms of behaviour and physiology need to be further investigated.

Cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism during stress

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. H269-H280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Adrenergic Mechanism ◽  
The Brain

Many, but not all, stressful events are accompanied by increases in cerebral blood flow and/or energy metabolism. The stressful events include pharmacological paralysis, footshock, conditioned fear, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, noise, and ethanol withdrawal. These increases are significant because 1) all brain regions are often affected, i.e., certain stressful events have global effects on cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism; and 2) various stressful events appear to have a common adrenergic mechanism for increasing cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism. The adrenergic mechanism involves beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by either epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla or possibly norepinephrine endogenous to the brain. While adrenergic mechanisms are not the only mechanism controlling flow and metabolism for a given stressful condition, they do appear to be common to many situations. At least part of the increase in cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism during many conditions appears to be the result of the stress response and not directly a result of the condition itself.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Group Bias During Natural Viewing

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3380-3389
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews ◽  
Ryan K Smith ◽  
Richard L Hoggart ◽  
Philip I N Ulrich ◽  
Andre D Gouws
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Individuals from different social groups interpret the world in different ways. This study explores the neural basis of these group differences using a paradigm that simulates natural viewing conditions. Our aim was to determine if group differences could be found in sensory regions involved in the perception of the world or were evident in higher-level regions that are important for the interpretation of sensory information. We measured brain responses from 2 groups of football supporters, while they watched a video of matches between their teams. The time-course of response was then compared between individuals supporting the same (within-group) or the different (between-group) team. We found high intersubject correlations in low-level and high-level regions of the visual brain. However, these regions of the brain did not show any group differences. Regions that showed higher correlations for individuals from the same group were found in a network of frontal and subcortical brain regions. The interplay between these regions suggests a range of cognitive processes from motor control to social cognition and reward are important in the establishment of social groups. These results suggest that group differences are primarily reflected in regions involved in the evaluation and interpretation of the sensory input.

scholarly journals Effect of Brightness of Visual Stimuli on EEG Signals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kübra Eroğlu ◽  
Temel Kayıkçıoğlu ◽  
Onur Osman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine brightness effect, which is the perceptual property of visual stimuli, on brain responses obtained during visual processing of these stimuli. For this purpose, brain responses of the brain to changes in brightness were explored comparatively using different emotional images (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) with different luminance levels. Moreover, electroencephalography recordings from 12 different electrode sites of 31 healthy participants were used. The power spectra obtained from the analysis of the recordings using short time Fourier transform were analyzed, and a statistical analysis was performed on features extracted from these power spectra. Statistical findings obtained from electrophysiological data were compared with those obtained from behavioral data. The results showed that the brightness of visual stimuli affected the power of brain responses depending on frequency, time and location. According to the statistically verified findings, the distinctive effect of brightness occurred in the parietal and occipital regions for all the three types of stimuli. Accordingly, the increase in the brightness of pleasant and neutral images increased the average power of responses in the parietal and occipital regions whereas the increase in the brightness of unpleasant images decreased the average power of responses in these regions. However, the increase in brightness for all the three types of stimuli reduced the average power of frontal and central region responses (except for 100-300 ms time window for unpleasant stimuli). The statistical results obtained for unpleasant images were found to be in accordance with the behavioral data. The results also revealed that the brightness of visual stimuli could be represented by changing the activity power of the brain cortex. The main contribution of this research was to comprehensively examine brightness effect on brain activity for images with different emotional content and different frequency bands at different time windows of visual processing for different brain regions. The findings emphasized that the brightness of visual stimuli should be viewed as an important parameter in studies using emotional image techniques such as image classification, emotion evaluation and neuro-marketing.

scholarly journals Common and distinct neural correlates of music and food-induced pleasure: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Mas-Herrero ◽  
Larissa Maini ◽  
Guillaume Sescousse ◽  
Robert J. Zatorre
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Partial Dissociation ◽  
Reward Network ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTNeuroimaging studies have shown that, despite the abstractness of music, it may mimic biologically rewarding stimuli (e.g. food) in its ability to engage the brain’s reward circuity. However, due to the lack of research comparing music and other types of reward, it is unclear to what extent the recruitment of reward-related structures overlaps among domains. To achieve this goal, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 38 neuroimaging studies (703 subjects) comparing the brain responses specifically to music and food-induced pleasure. Both engaged a common set of brain regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and insula. Yet, comparative analyses indicated a partial dissociation in the engagement of the reward circuitry as a function of the type of reward, as well as additional reward type-specific activations in brain regions related to perception, sensory processing, and learning. These results support the idea that hedonic reactions rely on the engagement of a common reward network, yet through specific routes of access depending on the modality and nature of the reward.

scholarly journals Central oxytocin is involved in restoring impaired gastric motility following chronic repeated stress in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. R157-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reji Babygirija ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Kirk Ludwig ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress

Accumulation of continuous life stress (chronic stress) often causes gastric symptoms. The development of gastric symptoms may depend on how humans adapt to the stressful events in their daily lives. Although acute stress delays gastric emptying and alters upper gastrointestinal motility in rodents, the effects of chronic stress on gastric motility and its adaptation mechanism remains unclear. Central oxytocin has been shown to have antistress effects. We studied whether central oxytocin is involved in mediating the adaptation mechanism following chronic repeated stress. Mice were loaded with acute and chronic stress (repeated stress for five consecutive days), and solid gastric emptying and postprandial gastric motility were compared between acute and chronic repeated stress. Expression of oxytocin and CRF mRNA in the hypothalamus was studied following acute and chronic repeated stress. Delayed gastric emptying during acute stress (43.1 ± 7.8%; n = 6, P < 0.05) was completely restored to normal levels (72.1 ± 2.4%; n = 6) following chronic repeated stress. Impaired gastric motility induced by acute stress was also restored following chronic repeated stress. Intracerebroventricular injection of oxytocin (0.1 and 0.5 μg) restored the impaired gastric emptying and motility induced by acute stress. The restored gastric emptying and motility following chronic repeated stress were antagonized by intracerebroventricular injection of oxytocin antagonists. Oxytocin mRNA expression in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus was significantly increased following chronic repeated stress. In contrast, increased CRF mRNA expression in the SON and PVN in response to acute stress was significantly reduced following chronic repeated stress. Our study suggests the novel finding that the upregulation of central oxytocin expression is involved in mediating the adaptation mechanism following chronic repeated stress in mice.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Brain Responses: New Opportunities for Tailoring Health Communication Campaigns

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Huskey ◽  
Benjamin O. Turner ◽  
René Weber
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Message Tailoring ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Prevention neuroscience investigates the brain basis of attitude and behavior change. Over the years, an increasingly structurally and functionally resolved “persuasion network” has emerged. However, current studies have only identified a small handful of neural structures that are commonly recruited during persuasive message processing, and the extent to which these (and other) structures are sensitive to numerous individual difference factors remains largely unknown. In this project we apply a multi-dimensional similarity-based individual differences analysis to explore which individual factors—including characteristics of messages and target audiences—drive patterns of brain activity to be more or less similar across individuals encountering the same anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs). We demonstrate that several ensembles of brain regions show response patterns that are driven by a variety of unique factors. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for neural models of persuasion, prevention neuroscience and message tailoring, and methodological implications for future research.

scholarly journals Neuromodulatory and possible anxiolytic-like effects of a spice functional food ingredient in a pig model of psychosocial chronic stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 103599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Menneson ◽  
Samuel Ménicot ◽  
Charles-Henri Malbert ◽  
Paul Meurice ◽  
Yann Serrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Food Ingredient

scholarly journals Stress-induced microglial activation occurs through β-adrenergic receptor: noradrenaline as a key neurotransmitter in microglial activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuei Sugama ◽  
Takato Takenouchi ◽  
Makoto Hashimoto ◽  
Hisayuki Ohata ◽  
Yasuhiro Takenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The involvement of microglia in neuroinflammatory responses has been extensively demonstrated. Recent animal studies have shown that exposure to either acute or chronic stress induces robust microglial activation in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of brain microglial activation by acute stress. Methods We first looked at the spatial distribution of the noradrenaline (NA)-synthesizing enzyme, DBH (dopamine β-hydroxylase), in comparison with NA receptors—β1, β2, and β3 adrenergic receptors (β1-AR, β2-AR, and β3-AR)—after which we examined the effects of the β-blocker propranolol and α-blockers prazosin and yohimbine on stress-induced microglial activation. Finally, we compared stress-induced microglial activation between wild-type (WT) mice and double-knockout (DKO) mice lacking β1-AR and β2-AR. Results The results demonstrated that (1) microglial activation occurred in most studied brain regions, including the hippocampus (HC), thalamus (TM), and hypothalamus (HT); (2) within these three brain regions, the NA-synthesizing enzyme DBH was densely stained in the neuronal fibers; (3) β1-AR and β2-AR, but not β3-AR, are detected in the whole brain, and β1-AR and β2-AR are co-localized with microglial cells, as observed by laser scanning microscopy; (4) β-blocker treatment inhibited microglial activation in terms of morphology and count through the whole brain; α-blockers did not show such effect; (5) unlike WT mice, DKO mice exhibited substantial inhibition of stress-induced microglial activation in the brain. Conclusions We demonstrate that neurons/microglia may interact with NA via β1-AR and β2-AR.

scholarly journals High Stocking Density and Food Deprivation Increase Brain Monoaminergic Activity in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio López-Patiño ◽  
Arleta Krystyna Skrzynska ◽  
Fatemeh Naderi ◽  
Juan Miguel Mancera ◽  
Jesús Manuel Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
The Brain

In teleosts, brain monoamines (dopamine and serotonin) participate in the early response to different acute stressors. However, little is known regarding their role during chronic stress. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, the influence of a high stocking density (HSD) and/or food deprivation (FD) on the brain monoaminergic activity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was evaluated. Following a 21-day experimental design, samples from the plasma and brain regions (telencephalon, hypothalamus, and optic tectum) were collected. The dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and their main metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), contents were HPLC-assessed in brain tissues, and the ratios DOPAC/DA and 5HIAA/5HT were calculated as indicators of enhanced monoaminergic activity. The plasma levels of cortisol and catecholamine were also evaluated. The cortisol levels increased in fish exposed to HSD and normally fed but, also, in all FD groups, whereas the NA levels decreased in LSD-FD animals. Within the brain, the dopaminergic and serotonergic activities in telencephalon and hypothalamus increased in fish subjected to HSD and in the telencephalon of LSD-FD fish. While DA (hypothalamus) and 5HT (telencephalon) increased in the animals submitted to a HSD, food-deprived fish did not show such an increase. Taken together, our results supported the hypothesis of brain monoaminergic activity participating in maintaining and orchestrating the endocrine response to chronic stress in fish.

scholarly journals Chronic stress exacerbates acute stress-induced neuronal activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral hippocampus that correlates with behavioral deficits in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Fee ◽  
Thomas Prevot ◽  
Keith Misquitta ◽  
Mounira Banasr ◽  
Etienne Sibille
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Behavioral Deficits

AbstractAltered activity of corticolimbic brain regions is a hallmark of stress-related illnesses, including mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and substance abuse disorders. Acute stress adaptively recruits brain region-specific functions for coping, while sustained activation under chronic stress may overwhelm feedback mechanisms and lead to pathological cellular and behavioral responses. The neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated stress response and how they contribute to behavioral deficits are poorly characterized. Here, we tested whether prior exposure to chronic restraint stress (CRS) or unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice could alter neuronal response to acute stress and whether these changes are associated with chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits. More specifically, we assessed neuronal activation indexed by c-Fos+ cell counts in 24 stress- and mood-related brain regions, and determined if changes in acute stress-induced neuronal activation were linked to chronic stress-induced behavioral impairments. Results indicated that CRS and UCMS led to convergent physiological and anxiety-like deficits, whereas cognition was impaired only in UCMS mice. CRS and UCMS exposure exacerbated neuronal activation in response to an acute stressor in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) area 24b and ventral hippocampal (vHPC) CA1, CA3, and subiculum. In dysregulated brain regions, levels of neuronal activation were positively correlated with principal components capturing variance across widespread behavioral alterations relevant to stress-related disorders. Our data supports an association between a dysregulated stress response, altered corticolimbic excitation/inhibition balance, and the expression of maladaptive behaviors.HighlightsChronic stress models produce variable profiles of physiological deficits, anxiety-like behavior, and impaired cognitionAcute stress-induced activation of ACC A24b & vHPC is exacerbated by prior chronic stress exposureIn regions dysregulated by chronic stress, altered neuronal activation is positively correlated with behavioral deficits

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document