scholarly journals Mental fatigue prediction during eye-typing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246739
Author(s):  
Tanya Bafna ◽  
Per Bækgaard ◽  
John Paulin Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Eye Typing ◽  
Variance Explained ◽  
Blink Frequency

Mental fatigue is a common problem associated with neurological disorders. Until now, there has not been a method to assess mental fatigue on a continuous scale. Camera-based eye-typing is commonly used for communication by people with severe neurological disorders. We designed a working memory-based eye-typing experiment with 18 healthy participants, and obtained eye-tracking and typing performance data in addition to their subjective scores on perceived effort for every sentence typed and mental fatigue, to create a model of mental fatigue for eye-typing. The features of the model were the eye-based blink frequency, eye height and baseline-related pupil diameter. We predicted subjective ratings of mental fatigue on a six-point Likert scale, using random forest regression, with 22% lower mean absolute error than using simulations. When additionally including task difficulty (i.e. the difficulty of the sentences typed) as a feature, the variance explained by the model increased by 9%. This indicates that task difficulty plays an important role in modelling mental fatigue. The results demonstrate the feasibility of objective and non-intrusive measurement of fatigue on a continuous scale.

scholarly journals Can Rules in Technical-Tactical Decisions Influence on Physical and Mental Load during Soccer Training? A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4313
Author(s):  
Tomás García-Calvo ◽  
Juan José Pulido ◽  
José Carlos Ponce-Bordón ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ◽  
Israel Teoldo Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Score System ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Tactical Decisions ◽  
Performance Satisfaction

This study aimed to analyze the effects of rules limitations in pass decisions during soccer tasks on physical and mental load reported by players. Participants were 40 semiprofessional Spanish soccer players (Mage = 22.40, SD = 2.25) from two male teams. Two training sessions with four tasks (same tasks with different score system: two maintaining ball possession games with goalkeepers, and two maintaining ball possession games) in counterbalanced order between teams were completed. To achieve a goal during limitation tasks, a minimum number of players had to participate in the passes before the goal. Internal (perceived effort and heart rate) and external physical load (distances), mental load (validated adaptation of the NASA-TXL) and fatigue (VASfatigue) were quantified. Paired t-test and magnitude-based inference were conducted. The results showed significantly higher mean speeds (p < 0.01), effort perception (p < 0.001), and mental fatigue (very likely positive) during possession games with restrictions. Additionally, performance satisfaction obtained significantly higher values with goalkeepers and pass restrictions (very likely positive). External physical load showed no significant differences between situations. The influence of mental fatigue on internal load and the complexity of the tasks could explain these results. Coaches can use this information to manipulate the training load in ecological conditions.

Expected Task Duration and Perceived Effort: An Attributional Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Rejeski ◽  
Paul M. Ribisl
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Attributional Analysis ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anticipated task duration on ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill running. Male subjects.(N = 15) completed two separate runs on a motor-driven treadmill at 85% V02 max. During one trial, subjects ran for a period of 20 minutes, while for a second trial, subjects were led to believe that they would be running for 30 minutes. In each case, the trials were terminated at the 20-minute mark. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rates, respiratory rates, and ventilatory minute volumes were collected across each trial. Results supported the supposition that the anticipation of continued performance mediated ratings of effort expenditure. This effect was obtained only during moderate work levels and was in contrast to research examining mental fatigue.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic features, design attributes, and respondent-reported cognition predict response time to patient-reported outcome measure items

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Cohen ◽  
Aaron J. Boulton ◽  
Alyssa M. Lanzi ◽  
Elyse Sutherland ◽  
Rebecca Hunting Pompon
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Symptom Frequency

Abstract Purpose Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) vary in their psycholinguistic complexity. This study examined whether response time to PROM items is related to psycholinguistic attributes of the item and/or the self-reported cognitive ability of the respondent. Methods Baseline data from Wave 2 of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) development study were reanalyzed. That sample contained 581 adults with neurological disorders and whose self-reported cognitive abilities were quantified by the Neuro-QoL v2.0 Cognitive Function Item Bank. 185 Neuro-QoL items were coded for several psycholinguistic variables and design attributes: number of words and syllables, mean imageability of words, mean word frequency, mean age of word acquisition, and response format (e.g., about symptom frequency or task difficulty). Data were analyzed with linear and generalized linear mixed models. Results Main effects models revealed that slower response times were associated with respondents with lower self-reported cognitive abilities and with PROM items that contained more syllables, less imageable (e.g., more abstract) words, and that asked about task difficulty rather than symptom frequency. Interaction effects were found between self-reported cognition and those same PROM attributes such that people with worse self-reported cognitive abilities were disproportionately slow when responding to items that were longer (more syllables), contained less imageable words, and asked about task difficulty. Conclusion Completing a PROM requires multiple cognitive skills (e.g., memory, executive functioning) and appraisal processes. Response time is a means of operationalizing the amount or difficulty of cognitive processing, and this report indicates several aspects of PROM design that relate to a measure’s cognitive burden. However, future research with better experimental control is needed.

scholarly journals T63. TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE? EXPLORING EFFORT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MOTIVATIONAL INTENSITY THEORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S255-S255
Author(s):  
Amandine Décombe ◽  
Lionel Brunel ◽  
Delphine Capdevielle ◽  
Stéphane Raffard
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Motivational Intensity

Abstract Background Motivation impairments have long been seen as a central feature of schizophrenia. Attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational intensity theory (MIT), effort mobilization and perception are not directly – and not only – determined by reward but, fundamentally, by task difficulty. At the same time, the link between effort and difficulty has been poorly studied in schizophrenia. Methods Therefore, this cross-sectional study compared effort perception in an experimental schizophrenia group with healthy controls. Participants were asked to carry various quantities of objects from one point to another using their hands. Task difficulty was manipulated by increasing the number of objects and the distance covered. Perceived difficulty, perceived effort and walking speed were assessed for all levels of difficulty. Psychotic symptoms, depression, self-efficacy and bodyweight data were also recorded. Results The results are consistent with MIT, in that perceived effort increased with task difficulty in both groups. Effort and difficulty perceptions were higher in the schizophrenia group, and although this was positively correlated with bodyweight and depression, there was no association with negative symptoms. Importantly, although schizophrenia patients perceived the task as more effortful, walking speed was similar between the two groups, suggesting that the schizophrenia group mobilized more effort to overcome higher perceived effort and difficulty. Discussion Together, these results suggest that the schizophrenia group perceived the task as more difficult, but mobilized more effort to complete it. This observation could partly explain the chronic decrease in motivation to engage in physically demanding activities, leading to a decline in such activities in daily life among schizophrenia individuals.

A self-assessment questionnaire for mental fatigue and related symptoms after neurological disorders and injuries

Brain Injury ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Johansson ◽  
Anders Starmark ◽  
Peter Berglund ◽  
Martin Rödholm ◽  
Lars Rönnbäck
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Does the Effect of Stereotypes in Older People Depend Upon Task Intensity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110206
Author(s):  
Maxime Deshayes ◽  
Raphaël Zory ◽  
Rémi Radel ◽  
Corentin Clément-Guillotin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Stereotype Threat Theory ◽  
Threat Theory ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Muscular Effort

This study examined the effect of negative and positive stereotypes on the strength produced by older adults at different perceived effort intensities, reflecting different levels of task difficulty. Fifty older women were randomly assigned to a positive stereotype, a negative stereotype, or a control condition. Before (T1) and after (T2) the stereotype manipulation, they were asked to perform a voluntary isometric contraction at a level of muscular effort that corresponded to four perceived effort intensities (“easy,” “moderate,” hard” and “very hard”). Results showed that participants attained greater strength during the easy and hard tasks after exposure to both positive and negative stereotypes. At the moderate and very hard intensities, stereotype induction did not significantly change the strength from the baseline performance. While these results are not fully in line with the stereotype threat theory, they provide evidence that task difficulty could modulate the effect of aging stereotypes during physical tasks.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mental Fatigue on Half-Marathon Performance: a Pragmatic Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Gattoni ◽  
Barry Vincent O’Neill ◽  
Federico Schena ◽  
Samuele Maria Marcora
Keyword(s):  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Marathon Performance

Abstract Purpose It is well established that mental fatigue impairs performance during lab-based endurance tests lasting < 45 min. However, the effects of mental fatigue on longer-duration endurance events and in field settings are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental fatigue on performance during a half-marathon race.Methods Forty-six male amateur runners (means ± SD: age 43.8 ± 8.6 years, V̇O2max 46.0 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min) completed an half-marathon after being randomly allocated to performing a 50-min mentally-fatiguing task (mental fatigue group) or reading magazines for 50 min (control group). Running speed, heart rate, and perceived effort were measured during the race.Results The mental fatigue group completed the half-marathon approximately four minutes slower (106.2 ± 12.4 min) than the control group (102.4 ± 10.2 min), but this difference was not statistically significant (Cohen’s d = 0.333; p = 0.265). However, equivalence was not established (t(40.88) = 0.239, p = 0.594) and equivalence testing analysis excluded a worthwhile positive effect of mental fatigue on half-marathon performance.Conclusion Due to its posttest-only design and the achievable sample size, the study did not have enough power to provide evidence that the observed 4-minute increase in half-marathon time is statistically significant. However, equivalence testing suggests that mental fatigue has no beneficial effects on half-marathon performance in male amateur runners, and harmful effects cannot be excluded. Overall, it seems prudent for endurance athletes to avoid mentally-fatiguing tasks before competitions.

scholarly journals Pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents and perception of effort: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Bergevin ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Marie Payen de la Garanderie ◽  
Camille Feral-Basin ◽  
Samuele M Marcora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Muscle Afferents ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
The Brain

The perception of effort (PE) provides information on task difficulty and influences physical exercise regulation and human behavior. This perception differs from other-exercise related perceptions such as pain. There is no consensus on the role of group III-IV muscle afferents as a signal processed by the brain to generate PE. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of pharmacologically blocking muscle afferents on the PE. Six databases were searched to identify studies measuring the ratings of perceived effort (RPE) during physical exercise, with and without pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents. Articles were coded based on the operational measurement used to distinguish studies in which PE was assessed specifically (effort dissociated) or as a composite experience including other exercise-related perceptions (effort not dissociated). Articles that did not provide enough information for coding were assigned to the unclear group. The effort dissociated group (n=6) demonstrated a slight RPE increase with reduced muscle afferents feedback (standard mean change raw (SMCR), 0.39; 95%CI, 0.13 to 0.64). The group effort not dissociated (n=2) did not reveal conclusive results (SMCR, -0.29; 95%CI, -2.39 to 1.8). The group unclear (n=8) revealed a slight RPE decrease with reduced muscle afferents feedback (SMCR, -0.27; 95%CI, -0.50 to -0.04). The heterogeneity in results between groups reveals that the inclusion of other perceptions than effort in its rating influences the RPE scores reported by the participants. The absence of decreased RPE in the effort dissociated group suggests that muscle afferents feedback is not a sensory signal generating PE.

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