scholarly journals Systemic Helicobacter infection and associated mortalities in endangered Grand Cayman blue iguanas (Cyclura lewisi) and introduced green iguanas (Iguana iguana)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247010
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Conley ◽  
Tracie A. Seimon ◽  
Ioana S. Popescu ◽  
James F. X. Wellehan ◽  
James G. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Grand Cayman ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Green Iguanas ◽  
Clinical Cases

The Blue Iguana Recovery Programme maintains a captive breeding and head-starting program for endangered Grand Cayman blue iguanas (Cyclura lewisi) on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. In May 2015, program staff encountered two lethargic wild Grand Cayman blue iguanas within the Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park (QEIIBP). Spiral-shaped bacteria were identified on peripheral blood smears from both animals, which molecular diagnostics identified as a novel Helicobacter species (provisionary name Helicobacter sp. GCBI1). Between March 2015 and February 2017, 11 Grand Cayman blue iguanas were identified with the infection. Two of these were found dead and nine were treated; five of the nine treated animals survived the initial infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene suggests Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 is most closely related to Helicobacter spp. in chelonians. We developed a Taqman qPCR assay specific for Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 to screen tissue and/or blood samples from clinical cases, fecal and cloacal samples from clinically healthy Grand Cayman blue iguanas, including previously infected and recovered iguanas, and iguanas housed adjacent to clinical cases. Fecal and/or cloacal swab samples were all negative, suggesting that Grand Cayman blue iguanas do not asymptomatically carry this organism nor shed this pathogen per cloaca post infection. Retrospective analysis of a 2014 mortality event affecting green iguanas (Iguana iguana) from a separate Grand Cayman location identified Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 in two of three cases. The source of infection and mode of transmission are yet to be confirmed. Analysis of rainfall data reveal that all infections occurred during a multi-year dry period, and most occurred shortly after the first rains at the end of seasonal drought. Additionally, further screening has identified Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 from choanal swabs of clinically normal green iguanas in the QEIIBP, suggesting they could be asymptomatic carriers and a potential source of the pathogen.

Conjunctival flora of clinically normal captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana)

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Taddei ◽  
P. L. Dodi ◽  
F. Di Ianni ◽  
C. S. Cabassi ◽  
S. Cavirani
Keyword(s):  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Conjunctival Flora ◽  
Green Iguanas

scholarly journals PCR Based Detection of Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli in Commercial Poultry and Related Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homaira Anzum Himi ◽  
Md. Shafiullah Parvej ◽  
M. Bahanur Rahman ◽  
K M Nasiruddin ◽  
Wahedul Karim Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) is the most important foodborne pathogen which is the causal agent of mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in human. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and identification of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli in poultry, detection of its source of infection in poultry and transmission pattern to human. For this purpose a total of 150 samples (cloacal swab-60, feed -15, water-15 and egg -60) were collected and analyzed in bacteriology laboratory by cultured in different bacteriological media followed by gram’s staining, biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR). The PCR was performed by targeting 16s rRNA gene and shiga toxin producing gene in E. coli. Out of 150 collected samples, E. coli was found in 81 (54%) samples. Presence of E. coli was 100% in both feed (n=15) and egg (n=60), whereas 10% in cloacal swab (n=6). Water samples were totally free of E. coli. The stx2 gene was detected in all samples whether all samples were negative for stx1 gene. The study revealed that, poultry feed acts as a source of E. coli infection in poultry, which may be transmitted to environment and human via meat or eggs. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma iguanae sp. nov., from a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with vertebral disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Brown ◽  
D. L. Demcovitz ◽  
D. R. Plourdé ◽  
S. M. Potter ◽  
M. E. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Green Iguanas

Strain 2327T, first cultured from vertebral abscesses of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) collected in Florida, USA, was readily distinguished from all previously described mollicutes by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. Strain 2327T lacks a cell wall, ferments glucose, does not hydrolyse arginine, aesculin or urea and is sensitive to digitonin. Western blots distinguished the novel isolate serologically from the most closely related members of the Mycoplasma neurolyticum cluster. On the basis of these data, the isolate represents a novel species for which the name Mycoplasma iguanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 2327T (=ATCC BAA-1050T=NCTC 11745T).

scholarly journals Application of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Proliferative Enteritis-Affected Swine Herds

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Holyoake ◽  
Gary F. Jones ◽  
Peter R. Davies ◽  
Dennis L. Foss ◽  
Michael P. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Age Range

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to confirm the presence of ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis in 3 swine herds with a history of proliferative enteritis (PE). Two pooled fecal specimens, each comprising 5 individual stool samples, were collected from pen floors to screen for the presence of IS intracellularis and determine the age range of pigs shedding the organism. IS intracellularis was detected in the feces of clinically normal 10–25week-old grower/finisher pigs, indicating that this age range of pigs was the main source of infection for younger nursery pigs. Shedding continued without clinical disease when 10–100 g/ton of tylosin or 10 g/ton of chlortetracycline was added to the feed. PCR testing of pooled fecal samples can be used to identify groups of pigs affected with PE. The results of this study indicate that this PCR assay has the potential to accurately assess the IS intracellularis infection status of swine herds and the association of IS intracellular-is with PE and growth performance.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Epidemiological Tracing of Pasteurella multocida Meningitis in a Baby

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
Hans H. Siegrist ◽  
André P. Burnens ◽  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
Purita Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The One

We report a case of Pasteurella multocida meningitis in a 1-month-old baby exposed to close contact with two dogs and a cat but without any known history of injury by these animals. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the isolate from the baby allowed identification at the subspecies level and pointed to the cat as a possible source of infection. Molecular typing of Pasteurella isolates from the animals, from the baby, and from unrelated animals clearly confirmed that the cat harbored the same P. multocidasubsp. septica strain on its tonsils as the one isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of the baby. This case stresses the necessity of informing susceptible hosts at risk of contracting zoonotic agents about some basic hygiene rules when keeping pets. In addition, this study illustrates the usefulness of molecular methods for identification and epidemiological tracing ofPasteurella isolates.

PHARMACOKINETICS OF CEFTIOFUR CRYSTALLINE FREE ACID STERILE SUSPENSION IN GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA) AFTER SINGLE INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda J. Sadar ◽  
Michelle G. Hawkins ◽  
Ian T. Taylor ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
Lisa A. Tell
Keyword(s):  
Free Acid ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Green Iguanas

scholarly journals Full genomic characterization of a porcine rotavirus strain detected in an asymptomatic piglet in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel C. B. Stubbs ◽  
Osbourne Quaye ◽  
Maame Ekua Acquah ◽  
Samuel Mawuli Adadey ◽  
Iain R. L. Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Genotype Constellation

Abstract Background The introduction of rotavirus A vaccination across the developing world has not proved to be as efficacious as first hoped. One cause of vaccine failure may be infection by zoonotic rotaviruses that are very variable antigenically from the vaccine strain. However, there is a lack of genomic information about the circulating rotavirus A strains in farm animals in the developing world that may be a source of infection for humans. We therefore screened farms close to Accra, Ghana for animals sub-clinically infected with rotavirus A and then sequenced the virus found in one of these samples. Results 6.1% of clinically normal cows and pigs tested were found to be Rotavirus A virus antigen positive in the faeces. A subset of these (33.3%) were also positive for virus RNA. The most consistently positive pig sample was taken forward for metagenomic sequencing. This gave full sequence for all open reading frames except segment 5 (NSP1), which is missing a single base at the 5′ end. The virus infecting this pig had genome constellation G5-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1, a known porcine genotype constellation. Conclusions Farm animals carry rotavirus A infection sub-clinically at low frequency. Although the rotavirus A genotype discovered here has a pig-like genome constellation, a number of the segments most closely resembled those isolated from humans in suspected cases of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, such viruses may be a source of variable gene segments for re-assortment with other viruses to cause vaccine breakdown. It is recommended that further human and pig strains are characterized in West Africa, to better understand this dynamic.

scholarly journals  Light and scanning electron microscopy of the developing lingual papillae in the green iguana, Iguana iguana

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cizek ◽  
L. Krejcirova ◽  
I. Kocianova ◽  
F. Tichy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lingual Epithelium ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Lingual Papillae ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Green Iguanas

Reptiles have recently become a popular group of pet animals. A relatively large number of studies on the morphology of the oral cavity and method of feeding in adult individuals have been published. Nevertheless, embryological descriptions of reptile body parts or structures are rare. In this study, we describe the morphology of the developing tongue, in particular its dorsal surface, in pre-hatched green iguanas. Microscopic examination of the oral cavity of early embryos revealed that the tongue was divided into three different areas: apex, corpus and radix. The dorsal lingual surface was smooth and covered by nonkeratinised stratified squamous epithelium with slight prominences in some cases. In the underlying mesenchyme of the tongue, striated muscular tissue was formed. The epithelium thickness was reduced during formation of the lingual papillae and in later stages remained simple cuboidal. No developing taste buds could be recognised in the lingual epithelium.  

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