scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial communities of a Himalayan urban fresh water lake

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248116
Author(s):  
Tawseef Ahmad ◽  
Gaganjot Gupta ◽  
Anshula Sharma ◽  
Baljinder Kaur ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Summer Sample ◽  
Fresh Water Lake

Freshwater lakes present an ecological border between humans and a variety of host organisms. The present study was designed to evaluate the microbiota composition and distribution in Dal Lake at Srinagar, India. The non-chimeric sequence reads were classified taxonomically into 49 phyla, 114 classes, 185 orders, 244 families and 384 genera. Proteobacteria was found to be the most abundant bacterial phylum in all the four samples. The highest number of observed species was found to be 3097 in sample taken from least populated area during summer (LPS) whereas the summer sample from highly populated area (HPS) was found most diverse among all as indicated by taxonomic diversity analysis. The QIIME output files were used for PICRUSt analysis to assign functional attributes. The samples exhibited a significant difference in their microbial community composition and structure. Comparative analysis of functional pathways indicated that the anthropogenic activities in populated areas and higher summer temperature, both decrease functional potential of the Lake microbiota. This is probably the first study to demonstrate the comparative taxonomic diversity and functional composition of an urban freshwater lake amid its highly populated and least populated areas during two extreme seasons (winter and summer).

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Hu ◽  
Jianming Yang ◽  
Yingjie Qi ◽  
Boling Li ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of Euryarchaeota was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the Methanobrevibacter genus and decreased the Methanocorpusculum genus and two other dominant archaea species, Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum. In bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of Clostridium and Eubacterium and decreased those of Bacteroides and Prevotella and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__Viruses and decreased those of unclassified_f__Siphoviridae and unclassified_f__Myoviridae. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.

scholarly journals Ozone Response of Leaf Physiological and Stomatal Characteristics in Brassica juncea L. at Supraoptimal Temperatures

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Jong Kyu Lee ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Sang Hee Park ◽  
Han Dong Kim ◽  
Yea Ji Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Target Concentration ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraoptimal Temperatures

Plants are affected by the features of their surrounding environment, such as climate change and air pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. In particular, agricultural production is highly sensitive to environmental characteristics. Since no environmental factor is independent, the interactive effects of these factors on plants are essential for agricultural production. In this context, the interactive effects of ozone (O3) and supraoptimal temperatures remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological and stomatal characteristics of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the presence of charcoal-filtered (target concentration, 10 ppb) and elevated (target concentration, 120 ppb) O3 concentrations and/or optimal (22/20 °C day/night) and supraoptimal temperatures (27/25 °C). Regarding physiological characteristics, the maximum rate of electron transport and triose phosphate use significantly decreased in the presence of elevated O3 at a supraoptimal temperature (OT conditions) compared with those in the presence of elevated O3 at an optimal temperature (O conditions). Total chlorophyll content was also significantly affected by supraoptimal temperature and elevated O3. The chlorophyll a/b ratio significantly reduced under OT conditions compared to C condition at 7 days after the beginning of exposure (DAE). Regarding stomatal characteristics, there was no significant difference in stomatal pore area between O and OT conditions, but stomatal density under OT conditions was significantly increased compared with that under O conditions. At 14 DAE, the levels of superoxide (O2-), which is a reactive oxygen species, were significantly increased under OT conditions compared with those under O conditions. Furthermore, leaf weight was significantly reduced under OT conditions compared with that under O conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that temperature is a key driver of the O3 response of B. juncea via changes in leaf physiological and stomatal characteristics.

scholarly journals Seasonal Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Poneromorph Ant Assemblages in the Amazon Forest

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Priscila de Carvalho Pereira ◽  
Fábio Souto Almeida ◽  
André Barbosa Vargas ◽  
Marcel Santos de Araújo ◽  
Antônio José Mayhé-Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Ant Diversity ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The present study aimed at assessing the effects of climate seasonality on poneromorph ants in the Brazilian Amazon, by studying variations in composition, richness, and taxonomic and functional diversity. The study was carried out in the Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest, southeastern Pará State. We collected poneromorph ants in three areas of native forest with pitfall traps and sardine baits on the ground and vegetation, in two dry and rainy seasons. We collected 46 species of poneromorph ants, which belong to two subfamilies and eleven genera. The species composition, richness and taxonomic diversity did not vary significantly between seasons. There was no significant difference in the frequency of species of functional groups between dry and rainy seasons. There was no significant difference in the average richness and average diversity of functional groups between the dry and rainy seasons. In our study we found no seasonal differences in composition, taxonomic and functional richness and diversity of poneromorph ants in the Amazon, which is useful for future studies that aim at using those ants as bioindicators. In addition, the identification of the species made in the present study has special relevance as it contributes to advance the knowledge of poneromorph ant diversity in the Amazon.

Fermentation profile, microbial populations, taxonomic diversity and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages based on Cactus and Gliricidia

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
F. N. S. Santos ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
J. S. Oliveira ◽  
G. R. Medeiros ◽  
A. M. Zanine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fermentation Profile

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cactus (Opuntia spp) levels in total mixed ration silages based on Cactus and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud) on the fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and taxonomic diversity. The completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 4 factorial design with four replications, being four rations with different levels of Cactus (15, 30, 45, 60% based on the dry matter) and four opening periods (0, 15, 30 and 60 days of fermentation). An interaction effect (P < 0.050) was observed among the diets and opening times for mould and yeast populations. An interaction effect for the levels of acetic acid was observed, where the diets 15, 30, 45 and 60% showed higher values at 60 days (0.44, 0.41, 0.35 and 0.40 g/kg DM, respectively). A significant difference was observed for the richness and diversity index (Chao1 and Shannon). The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and the genera Lactobacillus and Weissella. Cactus can be added in total mixed ration silages up to the level of 60% in a way that it positively affects the qualitative indicators of the silages, modulating the taxonomic communities and allowing the predominance of important groups for preservation of the ensiled mass.

scholarly journals Effects of abiotic variables on the distribution of fish assemblages in streams with different anthropogenic activities in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Salete Daga ◽  
Éder André Gubiani ◽  
Almir Manoel Cunico ◽  
Gilmar Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Urbanization Gradient ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Matrix Correlation ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

Studies on fish assemblages in streams point out, that understanding the relationship between species and their environment is crucial for conservation. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of changes in abiotic variables on the composition and structure of fish assemblages in Neotropical urban streams from southern Brazil with different levels of urbanization. The composition and structure of fish assemblages showed significant differences along the urbanization gradient observed in the streams. Tolerant and non-native species were found in more urbanized sites. A matrix correlation revealed a relationship between abiotic variables and the spatial pattern of structure and composition of fish assemblages. Abiotic variables, such as total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity, determined the distribution of fish assemblages. Streams without urban influence exhibited intrinsically low species richness, suggesting that they are highly susceptible to species loss and diversity reduction. Thus, changes in water quality or hydrological conditions induced by urbanization may intensify these impacts.

Organotrophic and Mixotrofic Sulfur Oxidation in an Acidic Salt Flat in Northern Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Escudero ◽  
Jonathan Bijman ◽  
Guajardo M. Mariela ◽  
Juan José Pueyo Mur ◽  
Guillermo Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Salt Flat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acidic Salt ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

To understand the microbial community inhabiting in an acidic salt flat the phylogenetic diversity and the geochemistry of this system was compared to acid mine drainage (AMD) systems. The microbial community structure was assessed by DNA extraction/PCR/DGGE and secuencing for the 16S rRNA gene and the geochemistry was analyzed using several approaches. Prediction of metagenome functional content was performed from the 16S rRNA gene survey using the bioinformatics software package Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). The geochemical results revealed a much lower iron concentration in the salt flat than in AMD systems (39 and 21804 mg L-1, respectively) and a significant difference in chloride levels. Sequences inferred to be from potential sulfur metabolizing organisms constituted up to 70% of the microbial community in the acidic salt flat meanwhile predominat iron-metabolizing acidophile populations were reported in AMD systems. Interestingly, the microbial assemblage in the acidic salt flat was dominated by mixotrophic and organotrophic sulfur oxidizers as well as by photoautotrophic acidophiles. Our results suggests that the salt concentration in Salar de Gorbea (average Cl-= 40 gL-1) is in the limit for the occurrence of chemolithotrophic oxidation of sulfur compounds. In addition, the investigation allows concluding that salinity rather than extremes of pH is the major environmental determinant of microbial community composition.

Preparation of Biodegradable Gradient Polymer by Microwave

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yan Liu ◽  
Xue Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gradient Variation ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Scanning Electron

A biodegradable gradient polymeric membrane based on chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared by microwave technique. The composition and morphology variation along the thickness direction in membrane were measured by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tensile properties of CS/PVA gradient membrane were tested. Results showed that the content of either polymer shows a gradient variation along the thickness direction. SEM photographs exhibit that morphology also evolves gradually with the varying percentage ratio of two polymers. As a result of such variations in composition and structure, the mechanical properties on both sides exhibit a significant difference. Compared with conventional isotropic membrane, gradient membrane has improved mechanical properties.

The Research on the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Carbonate Hydroxyapatites

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 1225-1228
Author(s):  
Guo Qing Wang ◽  
Wen Gui Lin ◽  
Nai Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Average Bond

The composition and structure of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) are much closer to those of inorganic minerals in natural bones. A series of experiments have been conducted to investigate the following aspects: (1) the mechanism of CHA synthesis by precipitation approach; (2) the biocompatibility and stability of CHA coatings. The results showed that an even single phase CHA crystals could be developed from Ca (NO)3-(NH4)2HPO4-NaHCO3-NH4OH system. Lastly, the surface of Ti-based CHA/UHMWPE coatings (2μm) was uniform and continuous with average bond strength of 32 MPa. 60 days after implanting the coatings into animals, the surface of the implanted material was totally covered by newly grown bone tissues whose structure was of no significant difference with normal bones, without changing coatings bond strength greatly. The result of the present work implied CHA coatings have excellent bioactivity and stability.

scholarly journals Perspective for Aquaponic Systems: “Omic” Technologies for Microbial Community Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Munguia-Fragozo ◽  
Oscar Alatorre-Jacome ◽  
Enrique Rico-Garcia ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco ◽  
Andres Cruz-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Set Up

Aquaponics is the combined production of aquaculture and hydroponics, connected by a water recirculation system. In this productive system, the microbial community is responsible for carrying out the nutrient dynamics between the components. The nutrimental transformations mainly consist in the transformation of chemical species from toxic compounds into available nutrients. In this particular field, the microbial research, the “Omic” technologies will allow a broader scope of studies about a current microbial profile inside aquaponics community, even in those species that currently are unculturable. This approach can also be useful to understand complex interactions of living components in the system. Until now, the analog studies were made to set up the microbial characterization on recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS). However, microbial community composition of aquaponics is still unknown. “Omic” technologies like metagenomic can help to reveal taxonomic diversity. The perspectives are also to begin the first attempts to sketch the functional diversity inside aquaponic systems and its ecological relationships. The knowledge of the emergent properties inside the microbial community, as well as the understanding of the biosynthesis pathways, can derive in future biotechnological applications. Thus, the aim of this review is to show potential applications of current “Omic” tools to characterize the microbial community in aquaponic systems.

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