scholarly journals Belief in sexism shift: Defining a new form of contemporary sexism and introducing the belief in sexism shift scale (BSS scale)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248374
Author(s):  
Miriam K. Zehnter ◽  
Francesca Manzi ◽  
Patrick E. Shrout ◽  
Madeline E. Heilman
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Participant Gender ◽  
New Form

The belief that the target of sexism has shifted from women to men is gaining popularity. Yet despite its potential theoretical and practical importance, the belief that men are now the primary target of sexism has not been systematically defined nor has it been reliably measured. In this paper, we define the belief in sexism shift (BSS) and introduce a scale to measure it. We contend that BSS constitutes a new form of contemporary sexism characterized by the perception that anti-male discrimination is pervasive, that it now exceeds anti-female discrimination, and that it is caused by women’s societal advancement. In four studies (N = 666), we develop and test a concise, one-dimensional, 15-item measure of BSS: the BSS scale. Our findings demonstrate that BSS is related to, yet distinct from other forms of sexism (traditional, modern, and ambivalent sexism). Moreover, our results show that the BSS scale is a stable and reliable measure of BSS across different samples, time, and participant gender. The BSS scale is also less susceptible to social desirability concerns than other sexism measures. In sum, the BSS scale can be a valuable tool to help understand a new and potentially growing type of sexism that may hinder women in unprecedented ways.

scholarly journals Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) adapted to work: Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Work Scale (SWWS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-566
Author(s):  
Mª Dolores Merino ◽  
Jesús Privado Zamorano ◽  
Rocío Durán
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Life Scale

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido adaptar la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) al contest laboral, generando la Escala de Satisfacción con el Trabajo (SWWS). Para ello, los ítems fueron adaptados al context laboral modificando la version original SWLS lo menos possible. Se empleó una muestra de 199 trabajadores de diferentes sectores con una media de edad 33,53 años (DT = 12,78 años). La validez interna, convergente y de constructo fue analizada, también la fiabilidad y la invarianza en función del sexo. Los resultados indican que SWWS es una escala válida y fiable para medir la satisfacción cognitiva laboral además de ser breve, general y de una dimension. Los resultados indican que la SWLS puede adaptarse a contextos específicos como la escuela, la familia o la vida en pareja, algo que hasta ahora no ha sido realizado. The purpose of this research has been to adapt the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to the work context, giving rise to the Satisfaction With Work Scale (SWWS). To do this, the items were adapted to the work context by modifying the original version of the SWLS as little as possible. A sample of 199 workers from different sectors with an average age of 37.53 years (SD = 12.78 years) was used. Internal, converge and construct validity were analysed, as well as reliability and sex invariance. The results indicate that the SWWS is a valid and reliable measure of cognitive job satisfaction that has the advantage of being brief, general and one-dimensional. Moreover, these results found, open the way to the adaptation of the SWLS to specific contexts such as school, family or couple life, which until now had not been done.

DISPLACEMENT OF MONOLITHIC RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATER CROWN-WALLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jørgen Quvang Harck Nørgaard ◽  
Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen ◽  
Thomas Lykke Andersen ◽  
Hans F. Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Sliding Distance

This paper evaluates the validity of a simple one-dimensional dynamic analysis as well as a Finite-Element model to determine the sliding of a rubble-mound breakwater crown-wall. The evaluation is based on a case example with real wave load time-series and displacements measured from two-dimensional physical model tests. The outcome is a more reliable evaluation of the applicability of simple dynamic calculations for the estimation of displacement of rubble-mound superstructures. The case example clearly demonstrates that a simplified one-dimensional sliding model provides a safe estimate of the accumulated sliding distance of crown-wall superstructures, which is in contrast to findings from previous similar studies on caisson breakwaters. The calculated sliding distance is approximately three times larger than the measured one when using the original one-dimensional model suggested in previous studies on caisson breakwaters, but correction terms are suggested in the present paper to obtain almost equal measured and estimated displacements. This is of great practical importance since many existing rubble-mound crown-walls are subjected to increasing wave loads due to rising sea water level from climate changes. Reliable and safe estimates are needed to determine whether displacements of crown wall superstructures during extreme situations would be acceptable or whether they lead to total failure of the structures.

Characteristics of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in a Sample of 79 Married Couples

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Elaine D. Scanlon ◽  
Colleen L. Crow ◽  
Donna M. Green ◽  
Deborra L. Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

Data from 79 couples in a midwestern sample were analyzed to evaluate the internal consistency reliability and validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Cronbach alphas for the scale were 0.89 and 0.93 for husbands and wives, respectively, while the scale was somewhat less well correlated with an abbreviated version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale than with an abbreviated version of Edmonds' Marital Conventionalization Scale. The distribution of responses to the scale departed significantly from normality in terms of skewness and kurtosis, although the deviations were reduced among subjects scoring low on marital social desirability. The scale offers promise for use in clinical evaluation and survey research where a brief but reliable measure of marital satisfaction is required.

An Extension of One-Dimensional Theory to Inviscid Swirling Flow through Choked Nozzles

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Carpenter ◽  
N H Johannesen
Keyword(s):  
Compressible Flow ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Radial Velocity Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Flow Through

SummaryA method is presented for determining the swirling compressible flow through a nozzle, given conditions at a reference section. The principal assumption is that changes in the nozzle cross-sectional area are sufficiently gradual for the radial velocity component to be neglected at each section, i e, the usual assumption of one-dimensional compressible flow theory. This method is used to determine choked-flow conditions in the case where there is solid-body rotation at the throat for a range of swirl intensities with the ratio of the specific heats taking various values. Mass-flux coefficients and impulse functions are determined. Sonic surfaces, velocity profiles and other characteristics of interest are also presented. An approximate analysis valid for low swirl intensities is developed and analytical formulae are derived for most quantities of interest. The main conclusion of practical importance is that the introduction of swirl to compressible nozzle flows need not lead to a significant reduction in specific thrust. Further exploration of the possible effects of swirl on noise during the relatively short take-off and landing periods cannot therefore be ruled out on the grounds that swirl would lead to excessive thrust losses.

scholarly journals ASYMPTOTIC DYNAMICS OF A CLASS OF COUPLED OSCILLATORS DRIVEN BY WHITE NOISES

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENXIAN SHEN ◽  
ZHONGWEI SHEN ◽  
SHENGFAN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Random Attractor ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Frequency Locking ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Asymptotic Dynamics ◽  
White Noises

This paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic dynamics of a class of coupled second order oscillators driven by white noises. It is shown that any system of such coupled oscillators with positive damping and coupling coefficients possesses a global random attractor. Moreover, when the damping and the coupling coefficients are sufficiently large, the global random attractor is a one-dimensional random horizontal curve regardless of the strength of the noises, and the system has a rotation number, which implies that the oscillators in the system tend to oscillate with the same frequency eventually and therefore the so-called frequency locking is successful. The results obtained in this paper generalize many existing results on the asymptotic dynamics for a single second order noisy oscillator to systems of coupled second order noisy oscillators. They show that coupled damped second order oscillators with large damping have similar asymptotic dynamics as the limiting coupled first order oscillators as the damping goes to infinite and also that coupled damped second order oscillators have similar asymptotic dynamics as their proper space continuous counterparts, which are of great practical importance.

The first polymorph in the family of nucleobases: a second form of cytosine

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Sridhar ◽  
Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu ◽  
Krishnan Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Space Group ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
New Form

A new polymorph of cytosine, C4H5N3O, is reported half a century after the report of its first known crystal structure [Barker & Marsh (1964).Acta Cryst.17, 1581–1587]. Cytosine thus provides the first polymorphic example in the category of parent nucleobases. The new form, denoted (Ib), was observed unexpectedly during an attempt to cocrystallize cytosine with catechol. Form (Ib) crystallizes in the orthorhombic centrosymmetric space groupPccnwith two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The previously known form, denoted (Ia), crystallizes in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space groupP212121. The cytosine molecule is planar in both forms. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are also similar for both forms. Infinite one-dimensional ribbons composed of cytosine base-pair dimers inR22(8) arrangements are observed in both (Ia) and (Ib). However, the way that the ribbons are packed differs in (Ia) and (Ib). This appears to guide the centrosymmetricversusnoncentrosymmetric space-group selection through the formation of an inversion-related motif in polymorph (Ib) and a helical propagation in polymorph (Ia). A few selected polymorphic systems have been gathered from the Cambridge Structural Database to understand possible structural features responsible for achiral molecules adopting centro- and noncentrosymmetric space groups.

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTION MEDIATED BY DISSIPATIVE SOLITONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL G. VELARDE ◽  
WERNER EBELING ◽  
ALEXANDER P. CHETVERIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conduction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Dissipative Solitons ◽  
New Form

Based on the study of the dynamics of a dissipation-modified Toda anharmonic (one-dimensional, circular) lattice ring we predict here a new form of electric conduction mediated by dissipative solitons. The electron-ion-like interaction permits the trapping of the electron by soliton excitations in the lattice, thus leading to a soliton-driven current much higher than the Drude-like (linear, Ohmic) current. Besides, as we lower the values of the externally imposed field this new form of current survives, with a field-independent value.

The Future of Union Identities and Niche Unionism

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Bob Smale
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Apparent Direction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Union Renewal ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Generation

This chapter first explores the implications of the work for the understanding of trade union identities and niche unionism. It argues for the multidimensional framework as being superior to a one-dimensional continuum and other theorisations which are variously considered outdated, inappropriate or requiring rigid categorisation. Secondly it discusses critical questions with implications for the future of trade union organisation and the challenge of organising the unorganised. These concern the primacy of general unions, the persistence of niche unions, whether general or niche unions are better placed to organise the unorganised and whether niche identity is a barrier to expanding membership territories. It argues that despite an apparent ‘direction of travel’ from niche in general unions, new niche unions continue to be formed. Whilst general unions could absorb further niche unions and bring greater resources, niche unions might be better placed to organise the unorganised. It recognises that ‘new generation unions’, although not projecting a new form of identity, may prove a significant development in union renewal and revitalisation. Finally, it makes clear that the work is not presented as the last word on trade union identities and niche unionism, but rather a starting point for further debate and discussion.

Hyperbolicity Analysis of a One-Dimensional Two-Fluid Two-Phase Flow Model for Stratified-Flow Pattern

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina N. Sondermann ◽  
Rodrigo A. C. Patrício ◽  
Aline B. Figueiredo ◽  
Renan M. Baptista ◽  
Felipe B. F. Rachid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Stratified Flow ◽  
Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Two Fluid

Two-phase flows in pipelines occur in a variety of processes in the nuclear, petroleum and gas industries. Because of the practical importance of accurately predicting steady and unsteady flows along the line, one-dimensional two-fluid flow models have been extensively employed in numerical simulations. These models are usually written as a system of non-linear hyperbolic partial-differential equations, but some of the available formulations are physically inconsistent due to a loss of the hyperbolicity property. In these cases, the associated eigenvalues become complex numbers and the model loses physical meaning locally. This paper presents a numerical study of a one-dimensional single-pressure four-equation two-fluid model for an isothermal stratified flow that occurs in a horizontal pipeline. The diameter, pressure and volume fraction are kept constant, whereas the liquid and gas velocities are varied to cover the entire range of superficial velocities in the stratified region. For each point, the eigenvalues are numerically computed to verify whether they are real numbers and to assess their signs. The results show that hyperbolicity is lost near the boundaries of the stratified pattern and in a vast area of the region itself. Moreover, the eigenvalue signs alternate, which has implications on the prescription of numerical boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Laplace Transform Collocation Method for Solving Hyperbolic Telegraph Equation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adebayo O. Adewumi ◽  
Saheed O. Akindeinde ◽  
Adebayo A. Aderogba ◽  
Babatunde S. Ogundare
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Collocation Method ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Trial Function ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Telegraph Equation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Laplace Transform Technique ◽  
Telegraph Equations ◽  
New Form

This article presents a new numerical scheme to approximate the solution of one-dimensional telegraph equations. With the use of Laplace transform technique, a new form of trial function from the original equation is obtained. The unknown coefficients in the trial functions are determined using collocation method. The efficiency of the new scheme is demonstrated with examples and the approximations are in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. This method produced better approximations than the ones produced with the standard weighted residual methods.

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