Correlation between choroidal structure and smoking in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy

Purpose A smoking habit can cause various health problems encompassing retinal diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the choroidal structure in patients with CSC. Methods The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated using the binarized OCT images. Baseline parameters (age, refractive error [SE], subfoveal choroidal thickness [SFCT] and CVI) were compared between smokers and non-smokers using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Moreover, the associations between SFCT and the baseline parameters were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression followed by the AICc model selection. Results Among 75 CSC patients, 45 patients were smokers and 30 patients were non-smokers. No significant differences in age and SE were seen between the smoking group and the non-smoking group. A significant difference in the SFCT was seen between two groups (382.0 ± 68.2 μm in the smoking group vs. 339.3 ± 52.3 μm in the non-smoking group, p = 0.0038), while no significant difference was observed in the CVI (p = 0.32). The optimal model for SFCT included the variables of age, SE and past history of smoking among the baseline parameters. Additionally, increased pack years was associated with increased SFCT. Conclusion Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased SFCT in patients with CSC. Thicker choroid in smoking CSC patients may be an important modulator of the disease.

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Correlation Between Choroidal Structure and Smoking in Eyes With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-121708/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Inoue ◽

Kazuyoshi Okawa ◽

Ryo Asaoka ◽

Keiko Azuma ◽

Ryo Obata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Optimal Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Luminal Area ◽

History Of ◽

Choroidal Structure ◽

Smoking Group

Abstract A smoking habit is associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Although CSC is caused by an abnormal circulation of the choroid, how smoking habit affects the choroid remains elusive. Therefore, to investigate the effect of smoking on the choroidal structure in patients with CSC, the current study analyzed two important choroidal morphological parameters in 75 consecutive CSC patients with/without a smoking habit; i.e., subfoveal choroidal thickness [SFCT] and the choroidal vascular index (CVI), the ratio of the luminal area to the total choroidal area. The results demonstrated that although other baseline parameters (age or refractive error expressed by the spherical equivalent [SE]) was not different between the smoking group and the non-smoking group, the SFCT was thicker in smoking group compared with non-smoking group (382.0 ± 68.2 μm vs. 339.3 ± 52.3 μm, p = 0.0038). No significant difference was observed in the CVI (p = 0.32). The optimal model for SFCT included the variables of age, SE and a history of smoking among the baseline parameters. Additionally, increased pack years was associated with increased SFCT. Taken together, cigarette smoking is associated with an increased SFCT in patients with CSC. Thicker choroid in smoking CSC patients may be an important modulator of the disease.

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Do Deeper Levels of Cervical Biopsies Preceded by a Pap Smear Diagnosis of LSIL, ASCUS, or NILM/HPV+ Increase the Yield of Identifying Clinically Significant Lesions?

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S163-S164

Author(s):

K G Manjee ◽

W G Watkin

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Past History ◽

Prior History ◽

Cervical Biopsy ◽

P16 Immunohistochemistry ◽

Hpv Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Almost All

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cervical biopsy is performed following an abnormal pap smear or positive HPV testing in an attempt to uncover clinically significant lesions [HSIL/invasive carcinoma (HSIL+)]. An excisional procedure is considered if biopsy confirms HSIL+. When preceded by pap smear of LSIL, ASCUS, NILM/HPV+ or persistent HPV, continued surveillance is recommended for biopsies showing no SIL or LSIL. In our laboratory, cervical biopsies are routinely sectioned at 3 levels. Deeper levels are often ordered when initial sections are non-diagnostic. p16 immunohistochemistry, with or without deeper levels, is often ordered to confirm HSIL, or to differentiate HSIL from mimics. In this study, we examine whether and in what clinical situations does obtaining additional levels uncover clinically significant lesions. Methods 430 cervical biopsies between January-May 2018, with recent cytology of LSIL, ASCUS or NILM/HPV+ were identified in the pathology database. HPV status (if known), final biopsy diagnosis and past history of LSIL/HSIL were recorded. For each biopsy, orders for additional levels and/or p16 immunohistochemistry were recorded resulting in 4 categories: C1-no additional levels or p16, C2-deeper only, C3-deeper+p16 and C4-p16 only. Final diagnoses were divided into HSIL+, LSIL and no SIL. Results There was no significant difference in prior history of LSIL/HSIL and HPV status between all categories. Biopsy results were as follows: HSIL+: 11/222 (5%) C1; 1/78 (1%) C2; 7/43 (16%) C3; 15/87 (17%) C4 LSIL: 91/222 (41%) C1; 7/78 (9%) C2; 16/43 (37%) C3; 35/87 (40%) C4 No SIL: 120/222 (54%) C1; 70/78 (90%) C2; 20/43 (46%) C3; 37/87 (42%) C4 The average number of additional levels in C2 and C3 was 3.8 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion Deeper levels alone did not enhance the detection of HSIL+. Almost all LSIL/HSIL were detected when initial levels were diagnostic or suspicious and supported by p16 immunohistochemistry. 3 levels are adequate to detect clinically significant lesions.

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Supplement Usage Pattern in a Group of COVID- 19 Patients in Tehran

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v14i3.4668 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Bagheri ◽

Fedyeh Haghollahi ◽

Mamak Shariat ◽

Mina Jafarabadi ◽

Parastoo Aryamloo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Past History ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Usage Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Outpatient Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Supplement Usage ◽

History Of

Objective: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection, causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and was spread throughout the world in early 2020. The effects of vitamin and micronutrient supplements on the prevention and treatment of COVID- 19 seems challenging in scientific considerations. On the other side generally, experts warn against over-consumption of these supplements. Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the vitamin and micronutrient supplementation usage pattern in past history of patients with COVID-19 via a cross-sectional inquiry. Totally 510 patients referring to the infectious disease clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from March 2020 to May 2020 were recruited. The inclusion criterion was suspected patients for COVID-19 based on clinical findings and CT scans of the lung. The infected patients included both inpatients (171) and outpatients (339). Demographic information, clinical signs, and the supplement pattern use were collected through a questionnaire and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: Vitamin D3 intake was reported in 30% (103 patients) of outpatients and 16.5% (28 patients) of hospitalized patients, which is statistically significant (P=0.001). It shows that, the frequency of vitamin D3 consumption in the outpatient group was higher than inpatient group. This significant difference has also been shown in zinc consumption, in 29 patients (9%) outpatients versus 4 patients (2%) inpatients were reported (P=0.007). Multi nominal regression showed that vitamin D3 intake has a supportive effect and reduces the risk of exacerbation and worsening of the disease. (OR=0.291; 95% CI 0.102-.0834, P=0.022). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study and the findings of other studies, considering the supportive effect of vitamin D3 in reducing the severity of infectious diseases; Clinical trials with an appropriate sample size are recommended to investigate the functional role of this vitamin in improving viral diseases of the respiratory tract.

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Comparison of oral rifampicin with observation alone in treatment of acute central serous Chorioretinopathy

International Journal of Retina ◽

10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss001.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anum Badar ◽

Sadaf Khan ◽

Sobia Usman Shah ◽

Mohammad Tahir ◽

Saman Babree

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

Function Tests ◽

Single Person ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Group B

Introduction: A randomized control trial To compare efficacy of oral rifampicin in terms of drying of macula and decrease macular thickness with observation alone in patients of acute central serous Chorioretinopathy done in Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT) Free Eye and Cancer Hospital, Lahore from January 2017 to June 2017 Methods: After getting approval from hospital Ethical committee 140 patients of CSR were included in the study. The demographic details were noted and patients were randomized by lottery methods in two groups (group A& B). Group-A was observed for spontaneous resolution, routine treatment started if no improvement noted after 6 weeks of observation alone. Group B was given oral rifampicin 600mg per day for four weeks with liver function tests being done before commencement of treatment and after 2 weeks. Oral rifampicin was stopped if patient developed deranged liver function tests. Patients were followed up at 4 weeks for macular dryness and decrease macular thickness on optical coherence tomography(OCT). All the readings were carried out and noted by single person in order to minimize bias. Results: A total of 140 patents, 70 in each group, were included In study with mean age 38.77+7.74 in Group-A and 39.14+7.97 years in Group-B. regarding gender distribution 65.71 %(n=46) in Group-A and 613.43%(n=43) in Group-B were male. Comparison of outcome of treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy with oral rifampicin vs observation showed that 18.57 %(n=13) in Group-A and 41.43%(n=29) in Group-B had dry macula. Conclusion: We concluded that there is a significant difference in drying of macula in acute central serous chorioretinopathy with Rifampicin versus observation alone.

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Adverse Pulmonary Responses to Aspirin and Acetaminophen in Chronic Childhood Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.71.3.313 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318

Author(s):

Thomas J. Fischer ◽

Timothy D. Guilfoile ◽

Hemant H. Kesarwala ◽

John G. Winant ◽

Gregory L. Kearns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Past History ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Base Line ◽

Double Blind ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Expiratory Flow

Because aspirin (ASA) is often reported to have an adverse effect on pulmonary function in children with chronic asthma, acetaminophen is commonly used as an ASA substitute in these children. To study acetaminophen effects on pulmonary functions, double-blind, oral challenges of ASA (600 mg), acetaminophen (600 mg), or lactose were administered on separate days to 25 chronic asthmatics, ten boys and 15 girls, ranging in age from 8 to 18 years (mean age ± 1 SD: 12.5 ± 2.8 years). No patient had a past history of adverse reactions to either drug. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and flow volume curves were measured at base line and ½, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after ingestion of drug or placebo. Persistent decreases from base line FEV1 (> 20%) or FEF25-75 (> 30%) occurred in four ASA- and two acetaminophen-challenged patients. One ASA-sensitive patient was placebo intolerant; another reacted to acetaminophen. The acetaminophen responses were of less intensity than the ASA responses. Analysis of group mean pulmonary function responses to ASA, acetaminophen, and lactose showed no significant difference among the three agents at any time. Aspirin should be used cautiously in asthmatic children. Acetaminophen appears to be an adequate, although not completely, innocuous ASA substitute.

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Pentraxin 3 and other inflammatory biomarkers related to atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/0267659116679248 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zdenka Holubcova ◽

Pavel Kunes ◽

Jiri Mandak ◽

Dana Vlaskova ◽

Martina Kolackova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

New Onset

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the association between perioperative inflammatory biomarkers and atrial fibrillation (AF) in cardiac surgical patients. Methods: Forty-two patients undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into three groups according to the occurrence of AF: Group A (n = 22) – patients with no AF, Group B (n = 11) – patients with new onset AF postoperatively and Group C (n = 9) – patients with preoperative history of atrial fibrillation. The serum levels of PTX3, CRP, TLR2, IL-8, IL-18, sFas, MMP-7 and MMP-8 were measured at the following time points: before surgery, immediately and 6 h after surgery and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative days (POD). Results: Serum levels of PTX3 showed a significant difference between Groups A and C on the 3rd POD (p<0.05) and on the 7th POD (p<0.0001). IL-8 levels were different between Groups A and C immediately after surgery (p<0.05), 6 hours after surgery (p<0.05) and on the 3rd POD (p<0.05). There was a difference between Groups B and C on the 1st POD in IL-8 levels (p<0.05). The sFas levels differed between Groups A and C on the 3rd POD (p<0.01) and the 7th POD (p<0.05). There was also a difference on the 7th POD (p<0.05) between the Groups B and C. No significant differences between the groups was seen for other biomarkers. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significantly different dynamics of PTX3, IL-8 and sFas levels after cardiac surgery in relation to AF.

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Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Support of the Permanent Canine in Cleft and Noncleft Patients

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/05-050 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 678-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Simon Boyarskiy ◽

Hyung Jun Choi ◽

Kitae Park

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Support Ratio ◽

Bone Height ◽

Average Bone

Objective: To quantitatively compare the alveolar bone support ratio of the permanent canine in cleft patients who received secondary alveolar bone graft with that of the population without clefts. Design: Retrospective study utilizing periapical radiographs of the subjects with and without clefts. Setting: Hospital and university based. Patients: Eighteen unilateral and 9 bilateral cleft patients who had secondary bone graft procedures. Main Outcome Measures: Alveolar bone support of the permanent canine utilizing the ratio of bone height to root length. Results: Average bone support for the permanent canine was 88.55% in patients with clefts and 95.59% in patients with no history of clefts. This difference was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in alveolar bone support ratio between the unilateral and bilateral cleft patients. Conclusions: Although alveolar bone support was significantly higher in the noncleft control group, a successful level of alveolar bone support was achieved for the permanent canine on the cleft site after secondary bone graft. There was no difference in alveolar bone support achieved for the permanent canine whether the type of the cleft was unilateral or bilateral.

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Characteristics of the Small Bowel Lesions Detected by Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/814214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harunobu Kawamura ◽

Eiji Sakai ◽

Hiroki Endo ◽

Leo Taniguchi ◽

Yasuo Hata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Past History ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Low Dose Aspirin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

The Common

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is one of the common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those who are on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). However, little is known about the characteristics of the small-bowel lesions in these patients, or of the factors that could predict the presence of such lesions. Therefore we enrolled a total of 42 CKD patients (including 19 HD patients and 23 non-HD patients), and compared the incidence of the small-bowel lesions among two groups. Furthermore, to identify predictive factors for the presence of small-bowel lesions, we performed multivariate logistic-regression-analyses. The incidence of small-bowel vascular lesions was significantly higher in CKD patients than in age-and-sex matched non-CKD patients (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was any significant difference of the incidence of small-bowel lesions between HD and non-HD patients. In CKD patients, past history of blood transfusion (OR 5.66; 95% CI 1.10–29.1,P=0.04) was identified as an independent predictor of the presence of vascular lesions, and history of low-dose aspirin use (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.13–31.9,P=0.04) was identified as that of erosive/ulcerated lesions. This indicated that proactive CE examination would be clinically meaningful for these patients.

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Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Nine Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of 354 Patients: Data from the First Wave of COVID-19 in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, France

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1719

Author(s):

Souheil Zayet ◽

Hajer Zahra ◽

Pierre-Yves Royer ◽

Can Tipirdamaz ◽

Julien Mercier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Past History ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Pain Symptoms ◽

Smell Loss

(1) Background. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined as the persistence of symptoms after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) Methods. ANOSVID is an observational retrospective study in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital in France that included adult COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2020. The aim was to describe patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome with persistent symptoms (PS group) and to compare them with the patients without persistent symptoms (no-PS group). (3) Results. Of the 354 COVID-19 patients, 35.9% (n = 127) reported persistence of at least one symptom after a mean of 289.1 ± 24.5 days after symptom onset. Moreover, 115 patients reported a recurrence of symptoms after recovery, and only 12 patients reported continuous symptoms. The mean age of patients was 48.6 years (19–93) ± 19.4, and 81 patients (63.8%) were female. Patients in the PS group had a longer duration of symptoms of initial acute SARS-CoV-2 infection than patients in the no-PS group (respectively, 57.1 ± 82.1 days versus 29.7 ± 42.1 days, p < 0.001). A majority of patients (n = 104, 81.9%) reported three or more symptoms. The most prevalent persistent symptoms were loss of smell (74.0%, n = 94), fatigue (53.5%, n = 68), loss of taste (31.5%, n = 40), and dyspnea (30.7%, n = 39). These were followed by pain symptoms (26.8% (n = 34), 26.0% (n = 33), 24.4% (n = 31); headache, arthralgia, and myalgia, respectively). More than half of patients reporting persistent symptoms (58%, n = 73) were healthcare workers (HCWs). Among outpatients, this population was more present in the PS group than the no-PS group ((86.6%) n = 71/82 versus (72.2%) n = 109/151, p = 0.012). Post-COVID-19 syndrome was more frequent in patients with a past history of chronic rhinosinusitis (8.7% (n = 11%) versus 1.3% (n = 3), p < 0.001). No significant difference was found regarding clinical characteristics and outcome, laboratory, imaging findings, and treatment received in the two groups. (4) Conclusions. More than a third of our COVID-19 patients presented persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly through loss of smell, loss of taste, fatigue, and dyspnea, with a high prevalence in HCWs among COVID-19 outpatients.

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IMMUNOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2.4.410 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 410-414

Author(s):

PAUL F. DEGARA

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Special Reference ◽

High Titer ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Different Strains ◽

In Infants And Children

Agglutinative antibodies for three different strains Str. hemolyticus, beta, group A, were studied in 497 sera from 372 children. A high titer was found in approximately 9% of well children. There was no significant difference between rheumatic and non-rheumatic subjects in the incidence of high agglutinin titers for Str. hemolyticus. Following infections, presumably streptococcal in origin, approximately 46% of the children examined had high agglutinin titers for Str. hemolyticus. In active rheumatic fever, agglutinins were present in high titers in nine out of 11 patients who had experienced an antecedent illness, presumably streptococcal in origin. Of 23 patients with no history of such an infection, only three had streptococcal agglutinins.

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