scholarly journals HIV epidemic in fishing communities in Uganda: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249465
Author(s):  
Patou Masika Musumari ◽  
Teeranee Techasrivichien ◽  
Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
Joseph K. B. Matovu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Related Risk

Background Fishing communities in many Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-risk population group disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. In Uganda, literature on HIV in fishing communities has grown extensively since the first country’s documented case of HIV in a fishing community in 1985. The current study describes the status of the HIV burden, prevention, and treatment in Ugandan fishing communities. Method This scoping review was conducted based on the York Framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, HIV-related risk factors, HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy coverage and adherence, and interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce HIV risk factors. Results & conclusion We identified 52 papers and 2 reports. Thirty-four were quantitative, 17 qualitative, and 3 had a mixed-methods design. Eleven studies reported on the prevalence of HIV and 8 on HIV incidence; 9 studies documented factors associated with HIV incidence or HIV positive status; 10 studies reported on HIV testing coverage and/or associated factors; 7 reported on antiretroviral therapy coverage/adherence/outcomes; and 1 study reported on the impact of combination HIV interventions in fishing communities. This scoping review revealed a significant lack of evidence in terms of what works in HIV prevention and for improving adherence to ART, in contrast to the relatively large amount of evidence from observational quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV prevalence, incidence and related risk factors in Ugandan fishing communities. Intervention studies are urgently needed to fill the current evidence gaps in HIV prevention and ART adherence.

scholarly journals Elucidating drivers for variations in the explosive HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron G Lim ◽  
Adam Trickey ◽  
Laura H Thompson ◽  
Faran Emmanuel ◽  
Tahira E Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Opioid Substitution Therapy ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Hiv Model ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

Abstract Background Pakistan‘s explosive HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) varies widely across cities. We evaluated possible drivers for these variations. Methods Multivariable regression analyses were undertaken using data from five national surveys among PWID (n=18,467; 2005-2017) to determine risk factors associated with variations in city-level HIV prevalence. A dynamic HIV model was used to estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF; proportion of HIV infections prevented over 10-years when that risk factor is removed) of these risk factors to HIV transmission and impact on HIV incidence of reducing their prevalence. Results Regression analyses suggested city-level HIV prevalence is strongly associated with the prevalence of using professional injectors at last injection, heroin use in last month, and injecting 4+ times per day. Through calibrating a model to these associations, we estimate that the 10-year PAFs of using professional injectors, heroin use, and frequent injecting are 45.3% (95% Uncertainty Interval 4.3-79.7%), 45.9% (8.1-78.4%), and 22.2% (2.0-58.4%), respectively. Reducing to lowest city-level prevalences of using professional injectors (2.8%; median 89.9% reduction), heroin use (0.9%; median 91.2% reduction), and frequent injecting (0.1%; median 91.8% reduction) in 2020 reduces overall HIV incidence by 52.7% (6.1-82.0%), 53.0% (11.3-80.2%), and 28.1% (2.7-66.6%) over 10-years, respectively. Conclusions Interventions should focus on these risk factors to control Pakistan’s explosive HIV epidemic among PWID, including a concomitant expansion of high-coverage needle/syringe provision, opioid substitution therapy, and antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals HIV testing in termination of pregnancy and colposcopy services: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055111
Author(s):  
Paraskevas Filippidis ◽  
Katyuska Francini ◽  
Martine Jacot-Guillarmod ◽  
Patrice Mathevet ◽  
Loïc Lhopitallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
High Income ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Testing Policies

BackgroundWomen and girls are relatively under-represented across the HIV treatment cascade. Two conditions unique to women, pregnancy and cervical cancer/dysplasia, share a common acquisition mode with HIV. This scoping review aimed to explore HIV testing practices in voluntary termination of pregnancy (TOP) and colposcopy services.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched articles published up to 20 December 2020 using three electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar) and including the keywords “HIV Testing”, “Abortion, Induced”, “Colposcopy”, “HIV screen*” and “termination of pregnancy”.ResultsA total of 1496 articles were identified, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. We included studies providing background HIV prevalence in addition to prevalence in the study population and studies of women seeking TOP rather than presenting with TOP complications. This limited our review to high-income, low HIV prevalence settings. We observed two study phases: studies pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) using unlinked anonymous testing data and examining HIV risk factors associated with positive HIV tests and studies post-ART using routine testing data and exploring HIV testing uptake. HIV prevalence was estimated at >0.2% in most TOP settings and >1% (range 1.7%–11.4%) in colposcopy services. Many TOP providers did not have local HIV testing policies and HIV testing was not mentioned in many specialist guidelines. Testing uptake was 49%–96% in TOP and 23%–75% in colposcopy services.ConclusionGiven the estimated HIV prevalence of >0.1% among women attending TOP and colposcopy services, HIV testing would be economically feasible to perform in high-income settings. Explicit testing policies are frequently lacking in these two settings, both at the local level and in specialist guidelines. Offering HIV testing regardless of risk factors could normalise testing, reduce late HIV presentation and create an opportunity for preventive counselling.

High HIV prevalence among transgender women in Paraguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1308-1314
Author(s):  
Gloria Aguilar ◽  
Tania Samudio ◽  
Gladys Lopez ◽  
Liliana Jimenez ◽  
Erin C Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Trans Women

Transgender women have been understudied and underserved in Paraguay; data are urgently needed to understand their HIV prevention and care needs. To estimate HIV prevalence and related risk and preventive behaviors among trans women in Paraguay, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017. We employed starfish sampling – a hybrid venue-based and peer-referral method combining recruitment at randomly sampled venues and randomly selected clients from program lists, followed by short-chain referrals of eligible peers. Among 304 trans women enrolled, HIV prevalence was 24.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.5–31.2%), with risk increasing with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.06 per year, 95% CI 1.03–1.10), residence in Asunción department (AOR 4.75, 95% CI 1.57–14.36), and cocaine use (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.11–3.95). Trans women in Paraguay need to be prioritized for interventions with high HIV prevention efficacy. Substance use interventions to address cocaine use may also yield prevention benefits for trans women in our context.

scholarly journals Prevalence and incidence of HIV among female sex workers and their clients: modelling the potential effects of intervention in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e002300
Author(s):  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
Edward J Mills ◽  
Ofir Harari ◽  
Placidie Mugwaneza ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

BackgroundRwanda has identified several targeted HIV prevention strategies, such as promotion of condom use and provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for female sex workers (FSWs). Given this country’s limited resources, understanding how the HIV epidemic will be affected by these strategies is crucial.MethodsWe developed a Markov model to estimate the effects of targeted strategies to FSWs on the HIV prevalence/incidence in Rwanda from 2017 to 2027. Our model consists of the six states: HIV-; HIV+ undiagnosed/diagnosed pre-ART; HIV+ diagnosed with/without ART; and death. We considered three populations: FSWs, sex clients and the general population. For the period 2017–2027, the HIV epidemic among each of these population was estimated using Rwanda’s demographic, sexual risk behaviour and HIV-associated morbidity and mortality data.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2027, with no changes in the current condom and ART use, the overall number of people living with HIV is expected to increase from 344,971 to 402,451. HIV incidence will also decrease from 1.36 to 1.20 100 person-years. By 2027, a 30% improvement in consistent condom use among FSWs will result in absolute reduction of HIV prevalence among FSWs, sex clients and the general population by 7.86%, 5.97% and 0.17%, respectively. While recurring HIV testing and improving the ART coverage mildly reduced the prevalence/incidence among FSWs and sex clients, worsening the two (shown by our worst-case scenario) will result in an increase in the HIV prevalence/incidence among FSWs and sex clients. Introduction of PrEP to FSWs in 2019 will reduce the HIV incidence among FSWs by 1.28%.ConclusionsContinued efforts toward improving condom and ART use will be critical for Rwanda to continue their HIV epidemic control. Implementing a targeted intervention strategy in PrEP for FSWs will reduce the HIV epidemic in this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Potential impact on HIV incidence of higher HIV testing rates and earlier antiretroviral therapy initiation in MSM

AIDS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1855-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Phillips ◽  
Valentina Cambiano ◽  
Alec Miners ◽  
Fiona C. Lampe ◽  
Alison Rodger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Potential Impact

scholarly journals Trends in HIV testing, serial HIV prevalence and HIV incidence among people attending a Center for AIDS Prevention from 1988 to 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hurtado ◽  
I Alastrue ◽  
I Ferreros ◽  
J del Amo ◽  
C Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Incidence

scholarly journals Systematic review on HIV situation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Adal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV prevalence in the Addis Ababa is still higher in key and priority populations. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out aiming in determining the prevalence of HIV, mortality rate by HIV/AIDS and predisposing risk factors, identification of hotspot areas, key and priority populations, availability and utilization of services, and challenges and gaps to be addressed for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Addis Ababa.Methods The documents relevant to address the objectives were collected from online databases Google scholar and PubMed for published works. In addition, unpublished survey and surveillance reports, performance reports and project assessment findings, and mapping results were collected from partner organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Results It appears that the HIV prevalence stabilizes, but varies along areas and socio-demographic groups. The most common hot spots in Addis Ababa are areas where bars, groceries, pensions, guest houses, hotels, brothels, massage houses, khat houses, shisha houses, night clubs, drinking establishments and tourist frequented settings are concentrated. The recognized key population (KP) is the female sex workers (FSWs). There is sexual mixing of key and priority populations (KPPs) with the general population. There are various behavioural, biological and socio-economic predisposing risk factors that drive HIV epidemic, and respective behavioural, biomedical and structural intervention measures are identified in the presence of gaps and challenges to address the problem.Conclusions HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa seems stabilized. However, it varies along different groups of the population. There are many behavioural, biological and socio-economic factors that predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Weak monitoring of the quality of interventions, limited linkage of positive clients, lost to follow up, financial shortage, limited man power and coordination, data quality and gaps in use of program data or research findings are some of the gaps and challenges. Therefore, prevention and control measures using behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions through filling of gaps and tackle challenges should be strengthened in order to prevent and control HIV/AIDS.

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