scholarly journals HIV testing in termination of pregnancy and colposcopy services: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055111
Author(s):  
Paraskevas Filippidis ◽  
Katyuska Francini ◽  
Martine Jacot-Guillarmod ◽  
Patrice Mathevet ◽  
Loïc Lhopitallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
High Income ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Testing Policies

BackgroundWomen and girls are relatively under-represented across the HIV treatment cascade. Two conditions unique to women, pregnancy and cervical cancer/dysplasia, share a common acquisition mode with HIV. This scoping review aimed to explore HIV testing practices in voluntary termination of pregnancy (TOP) and colposcopy services.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched articles published up to 20 December 2020 using three electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar) and including the keywords “HIV Testing”, “Abortion, Induced”, “Colposcopy”, “HIV screen*” and “termination of pregnancy”.ResultsA total of 1496 articles were identified, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. We included studies providing background HIV prevalence in addition to prevalence in the study population and studies of women seeking TOP rather than presenting with TOP complications. This limited our review to high-income, low HIV prevalence settings. We observed two study phases: studies pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) using unlinked anonymous testing data and examining HIV risk factors associated with positive HIV tests and studies post-ART using routine testing data and exploring HIV testing uptake. HIV prevalence was estimated at >0.2% in most TOP settings and >1% (range 1.7%–11.4%) in colposcopy services. Many TOP providers did not have local HIV testing policies and HIV testing was not mentioned in many specialist guidelines. Testing uptake was 49%–96% in TOP and 23%–75% in colposcopy services.ConclusionGiven the estimated HIV prevalence of >0.1% among women attending TOP and colposcopy services, HIV testing would be economically feasible to perform in high-income settings. Explicit testing policies are frequently lacking in these two settings, both at the local level and in specialist guidelines. Offering HIV testing regardless of risk factors could normalise testing, reduce late HIV presentation and create an opportunity for preventive counselling.

scholarly journals HIV epidemic in fishing communities in Uganda: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249465
Author(s):  
Patou Masika Musumari ◽  
Teeranee Techasrivichien ◽  
Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
Joseph K. B. Matovu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Related Risk

Background Fishing communities in many Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-risk population group disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. In Uganda, literature on HIV in fishing communities has grown extensively since the first country’s documented case of HIV in a fishing community in 1985. The current study describes the status of the HIV burden, prevention, and treatment in Ugandan fishing communities. Method This scoping review was conducted based on the York Framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, HIV-related risk factors, HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy coverage and adherence, and interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce HIV risk factors. Results & conclusion We identified 52 papers and 2 reports. Thirty-four were quantitative, 17 qualitative, and 3 had a mixed-methods design. Eleven studies reported on the prevalence of HIV and 8 on HIV incidence; 9 studies documented factors associated with HIV incidence or HIV positive status; 10 studies reported on HIV testing coverage and/or associated factors; 7 reported on antiretroviral therapy coverage/adherence/outcomes; and 1 study reported on the impact of combination HIV interventions in fishing communities. This scoping review revealed a significant lack of evidence in terms of what works in HIV prevention and for improving adherence to ART, in contrast to the relatively large amount of evidence from observational quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV prevalence, incidence and related risk factors in Ugandan fishing communities. Intervention studies are urgently needed to fill the current evidence gaps in HIV prevention and ART adherence.

scholarly journals A scoping review of female drowning: an underexplored issue in five high-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kym Roberts ◽  
Ogilvie Thom ◽  
Susan Devine ◽  
Peter A. Leggat ◽  
Amy E. Peden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
High Income ◽  
Public Health Issue

Abstract Background Drowning is a significant public health issue, with females accounting for one third of global drowning deaths. The rate of female drowning has not decreased within high-income countries and presentations to hospital have increased. This scoping review aimed to explore adult female unintentional drowning, including risk factors, clinical treatment and outcomes of females hospitalised for drowning. Methods A systematic search of the literature following the PRISMA-ScR framework was undertaken. The databases OVID MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, OVID Emcare, Web of Science, Informit and Scopus were accessed. Study locations of focus were Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Studies from January 2003 to April 2019 were included. The quality of evidence of included studies was assessed using GRADE guidelines. Results The final search results included 14 studies from Australia (n = 4), Canada (n = 1), New Zealand (n = 1), United States (n = 6), United Kingdom (n = 1), and one study reporting data from both Australia and United States. Nine studies reported risk factors for female drowning including age, with the proportion of female drowning incidence increasing with age. Although females are now engaging in risk-taking behaviours associated with drowning that are similar to males, such as consuming alcohol and swimming in unsafe locations, their exposure to risky situations and ways they assess risk, differ. Females are more likely to drown from accidental entry into water, such as in a vehicle during a flood or fall into water. This review found no evidence on the clinical treatment provided to females in hospital after a drowning incident, and only a small number of studies reported the clinical outcomes of females, with inconsistent results (some studies reported better and some no difference in clinical outcomes among females). Conclusion Adult females are a group vulnerable to drowning, that have lacked attention. There was no single study found which focused solely on female drowning. There is a need for further research to explore female risk factors, the clinical treatment and outcomes of females hospitalised for drowning. This will not only save the lives of females, but also contribute to an overall reduction in drowning.

scholarly journals Combining national survey with facility-based HIV testing data to obtain more accurate estimate of HIV prevalence in districts in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ouma ◽  
Caroline Jeffery ◽  
Joseph J. Valadez ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Testing Data

scholarly journals Risk factors for completed suicide among people who use drugs: A scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Lisa Murphy ◽  
Suzi Lyons ◽  
Michael O'Sullivan ◽  
Ena Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Background: Research over the past several decades has shown an increased risk for completed suicide among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, no study to date has attempted to summarise the available literature on the variety of risk factors associated with this increased risk. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims to systematically map and synthesise the extent and nature of published, unpublished and grey literature related to risk factors for suicide among PWUD. Methods: The following six-stage methodological framework for scoping reviews proposed by Arksey and O’Malley with enhancements by Levac and colleagues will be used: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting/mapping the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting results and (6) expert consultation. The review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Key inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed to guide literature screening and data charting. Three reviewers will conduct the initial screening of published, unpublished and grey literature. Identified risk factors will be collated, summarised and categorised iteratively by two independent reviewers. Stakeholder consultation will occur with experts from a national steering committee, a national advisory group, a national suicide prevention centre and a European drug monitoring centre. Conclusion: Collating and thematically categorising the various risk factors for suicide among this high-risk group will hold important implications for future research, policy and practice. The research will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal and a conference presentation, and by sharing the findings with key stakeholders working within research, policy-making and professional practice contexts.

scholarly journals Supervised exercise delivered via telehealth in real time to manage chronic conditions in adults: a protocol for a scoping review to inform future research in stroke survivors

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e027416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R Ramage ◽  
Natalie A Fini ◽  
Elizabeth A Lynch ◽  
Amanda Patterson ◽  
Catherine M Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Scoping Reviews

IntroductionIncreasing physical activity reduces secondary stroke risk factors, but many stroke survivors have low levels of physical activity. Supervised exercise delivered via telehealth has the potential to overcome barriers to increased physical activity in stroke survivors. Our scoping review will examine the emerging field of supervised exercise delivered via telehealth to map the available evidence in relation to its efficacy, acceptability, safety and feasibility in chronic conditions to inform future research into its ability to increase physical activity.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley will be applied to our scoping review. A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, Pedro and Embase; hand searching of pertinent studies’ reference lists; and consultation with experts in the field will identify relevant papers. Studies involving participants with a chronic condition who undertake supervised exercise delivered by a health professional via telehealth targeted at improving secondary stroke risk factors or involving lower limb weight-bearing exercise will be included. Study selection and critical appraisal of individual studies will be carried out independently by two authors with discrepancies resolved by a third author. Quantitative and qualitative data will be charted using a standardised form. Results will be tabulated and narratively summarised to highlight findings relevant to the review’s research questions and to inform recommendations for future research.Ethics and disseminationOur review will significantly contribute to the knowledge base of exercise and rehabilitation delivered via telehealth and its application in chronic conditions, including stroke. Findings will be relevant to researchers, healthcare workers and policy-makers and will be disseminated through publication and presentations. Only secondary deidentified data will be included, therefore ethics approval will not be sought. This protocol is not registered as PROSPERO currently excludes scoping reviews.

scholarly journals Risk factors at birth, in childhood and adolescence for the onset of musculoskeletal chronic pain in adulthood: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margelli Michele ◽  
Alice Gianelli ◽  
Lucia Borghi ◽  
Federico Zanchetta ◽  
Stefano Salvioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Scoping Reviews

AbstractBackgroundLiterature already confirmed that chronic pain is not only correlated to functional deficits, structural problems or neural alterations, but it is also strongly influenced by the presence of psychological and social factors. It was also observed that those factors can have an impact on the subject even after many years: in fact, pain experiences and traumatic events during childhood can lead to changes in stress and pain neural network area and to maladaptive behaviors that concur to develop chronic pain. The main purpose of this review is to identify the bio-psycho-social risk factors in developmental age that could lead to musculoskeletal chronic pain in adulthood.Inclusion criteriaEvery study about risk factors in developmental age (0-18) for the onset of musculoskeletal chronic pain in adulthood will be included. This scoping review will consider studies conducted in any context.MethodsThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology (JBI) for scoping reviews.The search will be carried out on 6 databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, CINHAL, Embase, and PEDro.Selection and data extraction will be conducted by two blind independent researchers and inconsistencies will be resolved by a third reviewer.The results will be presented in a schematic, tabular and descriptive format that will line up with the objectives and scope of the review.ConclusionsThis will be the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The results will add meaningful information for clinicians especially during the patient’s assessment. Furthermore, any knowledge gaps of the topic will be identified. The results of this research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at relevant (inter)national scientific events.

scholarly journals Using repeated home-based HIV testing services to reach and diagnose HIV infection among persons who have never tested for HIV, Chókwè health demographic surveillance system, Chókwè district, Mozambique, 2014–2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242281
Author(s):  
Carol Lin ◽  
Isabelle Casavant ◽  
Alicia Jaramillo ◽  
Timothy Green
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Testing Coverage

Background HIV prevalence in Mozambique (12.6%) is one of the highest in the world, yet ~40% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) do not know their HIV status. Strategies to increase HIV testing uptake and diagnosis among PLHIV are urgently needed. Home-based HIV testing services (HBHTS) have been evaluated primarily as a 1-time campaign strategy. Little is known about the potential of repeating HBHTS to diagnose HIV infection among persons who have never been tested (NTs), nor about factors/reasons associated with never testing in a generalized epidemic setting. Methods During 2014–2017, counselors visited all households annually in the Chókwè Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHDSS) and offered HBHTS. Cross-sectional surveys were administered to randomly selected 10% or 20% samples of CHDSS households with participants aged 15–59 years before HBHTS were conducted during the visit. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to assess the proportion of NTs, factors/reasons associated with never having been tested, HBHTS acceptance, and HIV-positive diagnosis among NTs. Results The proportion of NTs decreased from 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]:23%–26%) during 2014 to 12% (95% CI:11% –13%), 7% (95% CI:6%–8%), and 7% (95% CI:6%–8%) during 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Adolescent boys and girls and adult men were more likely than adult women to be NTs. In each of the four years, the majority of NTs (87%–90%) accepted HBHTS. HIV-positive yield among NTs subsequently accepting HBHTS was highest (13%, 95% CI:10%–15%) during 2014 and gradually reduced to 11% (95% CI:8%–15%), 9% (95% CI:6%–12%), and 2% (95% CI:0%–4%) during 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Conclusions Repeated HBHTS was helpful in increasing HIV testing coverage and identifying PLHIV in Chókwè. In high HIV-prevalence settings with low testing coverage, repeated HBHTS can be considered to increase HIV testing uptake and diagnosis among NTs.

scholarly journals Risk factors for completed suicide among people who use drugs: A scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Lisa Murphy ◽  
Suzi Lyons ◽  
Michael O'Sullivan ◽  
Ena Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Background: Research over the past several decades has shown an increased risk for completed suicide among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, no study to date has attempted to summarise the available literature on the variety of risk factors associated with this increased risk. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims to systematically map and synthesise the extent and nature of published, unpublished and grey literature related to risk factors for suicide PWUD. Methods: The following six-stage methodological framework for scoping reviews proposed by Arksey and O’Malley with enhancements by Levac and colleagues will be used: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting/mapping the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting results and (6) expert consultation. The review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Key inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed to guide literature screening and data charting. Three reviewers will conduct the initial screening of published, unpublished and grey literature. Identified risk factors will be collated, summarised and categorised iteratively by two independent reviewers. Stakeholder consultation will occur with experts from a national steering committee, a national advisory group, a national suicide prevention centre and a European drug monitoring centre. Conclusion: Collating and thematically categorising the various risk factors for suicide among this high-risk group will hold important implications for future research, policy and practice. The research will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal and a conference presentation, and by sharing the findings with key stakeholders working within research, policy-making and professional practice contexts.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in South Asia: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Tarek Hossain ◽  
Nantu Chakma ◽  
Afroza Khanom ◽  
Tapas Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly contributing to the disease burden in South Asia. This review will summarize the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in South Asia and the interventions regarding COPD that have been introduced in South Asian countries. Method This scoping review will primarily follow Arksey and O’Malley’s six steps of scoping review methodology. Additionally, it will follow the recent upgradation of the scoping review methodology by Levac et al., and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Research questions were already identified at the beginning of the proposed scoping review. Electronic databases will be searched (PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest) using search terms. Studies will be screened independently by two reviewers through a two-stage screening process using pre-developed inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Eligible studies will be abstracted and charted in a standardised form. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used to report the result. Additionally, feedback from South Asia’s experienced COPD researchers on the final literature list will be collected for gap identification in literature search. Two independent reviewers will assess the quality of each included study’s design using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tool. Discussion The proposed scoping review will map the evidence on COPD in South Asia through literature review, and it will focus on prevalence, risk factors, and interventions. This review will contribute to the advancement of research on COPD and will be beneficial for policy-makers, public health specialists, and clinicians.

scholarly journals Infections and antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units in lower-middle income countries: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Rosa Saharman ◽  
Anis Karuniawati ◽  
Juliëtte A. Severin ◽  
Henri A. Verbrugh
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract Background Intensive care units (ICUs) in lower-middle income countries (LMICs) are suspected to constitute a special risk for patients of acquiring infection due to multiple antibiotic resistant organisms. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to present the data published on ICU-acquired infections and on antimicrobial resistance observed in ICUs in LMICs over a 13-year period. A systematic scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension guideline for scoping reviews and registered in the Open Science Framework. Main body of the abstract Articles were sought that reported on ICU-acquired infection in LMICs between 2005 and 2018. Two reviewers parallelly reviewed 1961 titles and abstracts retrieved from five data banks, found 274 eligible and finally included 51. Most LMICs had not produced reports in Q1 or Q2 journals in this period, constituting a large gap in knowledge. However, from the reported evidence it is clear that the rate of ICU-acquired infections was comparable, albeit approximately 10% higher, in LMICs compared to high income countries. In contrast, ICU mortality was much higher in LMICs (33.6%) than in high income countries (< 20%). Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species, especially Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae played a much more dominant role in LMIC ICUs than in those in high income countries. However, interventions to improve this situation have been shown to be feasible and effective, even cost-effective. Conclusions Compared to high income countries the burden of ICU-acquired infection is higher in LMICs, as is the level of antimicrobial resistance; the pathogen distribution is also different. However, there is evidence that interventions are feasible and may be quite effective in these settings. Protocol Registration The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/c8vjk)

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