scholarly journals Late-life depression, subjective cognitive decline, and their additive risk in incidence of dementia: A nationwide longitudinal study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254639
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
Kyung-do Han ◽  
Nak-Young Kim ◽  
Yoo Hyun Um ◽  
Dong-Woo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Late Life Depression

Objective Late-life depression and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are significant risk factors for dementia. However, studies with a large sample size are needed to clarify their independent and combined risks for subsequent dementia. Methods This nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals aged 66 years who participated in the National Screening Program between 2009 and 2013 (N = 939,099). Subjects were followed from the day they underwent screening to the diagnosis of dementia, death, or the last follow-up day (December 31, 2017). Results Depressive symptom presentation, recent depressive disorder, and SCD independently increased dementia incidence with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.286 (95% CI:1.255–1.318), 1.697 (95% CI:1.621–1.776), and 1.748 (95% CI: 689–1.808) respectively. Subjects having both SCD and depression had a higher risk (aHR = 2.466, 95% CI:2.383–2.551) of dementia than having depression (aHR = 1.402, 95% CI:1.364–1.441) or SCD (aHR = 1.748, 95% CI:1.689–1.808) alone. Conclusions Depressive symptoms, depressive disorder, and SCD are independent risk factors for dementia. Co-occurring depression and SCD have an additive effect on the risk of dementia; thus, early intervention and close follow up are necessary for patients with co-occurring SCD and depression.

scholarly journals Vascular risk factors and incident late-life depression in a Korean population

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Min Kim ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Sung-Wan Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Yang ◽  
Il-Seon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Vascular Status

BackgroundCausal relationships between vascular factors and late-life depression are controversial.AimsTo investigate prospective associations between risk factors for vascular disease and incidence of late-life depression.MethodOf 661 community participants aged 65 years or over, without depression at baseline, 521 (79%) were re-evaluated 2 years later. At baseline and follow-up, a diagnostic interview for depression was carried out and information on vascular status, disability and cognitive function was gathered.ResultsPre-existing heart disease, incident stroke and lower baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significantly associated with incidence of late-life depression, independently of disability and cognitive function.ConclusionsThese results provide some support for a vascular aetiology of late-life depression. However, important risk factors for cerebrovascular disease such as hypertension and diabetes were not implicated, and the associations with lipid levels might still be explained by affective states earlier in life.

Analyses of Visuospatial and Visuoperceptual Errors as Predictors of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iván Galtier ◽  
Antonieta Nieto ◽  
María Mata ◽  
Jesús N. Lorenzo ◽  
José Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are considered as the risk factors for dementia (PDD). Posterior cortically based functions, such as visuospatial and visuoperceptual (VS-VP) processing, have been described as predictors of PDD. However, no investigations have focused on the qualitative analysis of the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT) and the Facial Recognition Test (FRT) in PD-SCD and PD-MCI. The aim of this work was to study the VS-VP errors in JLOT and FRT. Moreover, these variables are considered as predictors of PDD. Method: Forty-two PD patients and 19 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol. Patients were classified as PD-SCD and PD-MCI. Analyses of errors were conducted following the procedure described by Ska, Poissant, and Joanette (1990). Follow-up assessment was conducted to a mean of 7.5 years after the baseline. Results: PD-MCI patients showed a poor performance in JLOT and FRT total score and made a greater proportion of severe intraquadrant (QO2) and interquadrant errors (IQO). PD-SCD showed a poor performance in FRT and made mild errors in JLOT. PD-MCI and QO2/IQO errors were independent risk factors for PDD during the follow-up. Moreover, the combination of both PD-MCI diagnosis and QO2/IQO errors was associated with a greater risk. Conclusions: PD-MCI patients presented a greater alteration in VS-VP processing observable by the presence of severe misjudgments. PD-SCD patients also showed mild difficulties in VS-SP functions. Finally, QO2/IQO errors in PD-MCI are a useful predictor of PDD, more than PD-MCI diagnosis alone.

Depression and mild cognitive impairment – Comorbidity and/or continuum?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S190-S191
Author(s):  
G. Sobreira ◽  
M.A. Aleixo ◽  
C. Moreia ◽  
J. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionDepression and mild cognitive impairment are common among the elderly. Half the patients with late-life depression also present some degree of cognitive decline, making the distinction between these conditions difficult.ObjectivesTo conduct a database review in order to understand the relationship between these entities, and treatment approaches.AimsTo create and implement clinical guidelines at our institution, to evaluate and treat elderly patients presenting with depression and mild cognitive impairment.MethodsA PubMed database search using as keywords “late life depression”, “depression”; “cognitive impairment”; “mild cognitive impairment” and “dementia” between the year 2008 and 2015.ResultsLate-life depression and cognitive impairment are frequent among the elderly (10–20%). Depression is also common in the early stages of dementia decreasing as the cognitive decline progresses. The causal relationship between these entities is not well understood and some authors advocate a multifactorial model (genetic risk factors; neuroendocrine changes; vascular risk factors) and the cognitive impairment of said changes is dependent on the individual's cognitive reserve. Regarding treatment of depression in patients with cognitive impairment, most authors advocate a stepped approach with watchful waiting and then, if symptoms persist, the introduction of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial intervention.ConclusionsThe relationship between cognitive impairment and depression is still not clear and probably multifactorial. The diagnosis of depressive symptoms in patients with severe cognitive impairment can be difficult and most forms of pharmacological treatment in this population are not beneficial, making it important to carefully evaluate the benefits of introducing new medication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Preventing late-life depression: a clinical update

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: Achieving remission in late-life depressive disorder is difficult; it is far better to prevent depression. In the last ten years there have been a number of clinical studies of the feasibility of prevention.Methods: A limited literature review was undertaken of studies from 2000 specifically concerning the primary prevention of late-life depressive disorder or where primary prevention is a relevant secondary outcome.Results: Selective primary prevention (targeting individuals at risk but not expressing depression) has been shown to be effective for stroke and macular degeneration but not hip fracture. It may also prove effective for the depression associated with caregiving in dementia. Emerging evidence finds effectiveness for indicated prevention (in those identified with subthreshold depression often with other risk factors such as functional limitation). Despite a number of promising risk factors (for example, diet, exercise, vascular risk factors, homocysteine and insomnia), universal prevention of late-life depression (acting to reduce the impact of risk factors at the population level) has no current evidence base, although a population approach might mitigate suicide.Conclusion: Interventions which work in preventing late-life depression include antidepressant medication in standard doses and Problem-Solving Treatment. When integrated into a care model, such as collaborative care, prevention is feasible but more economic studies are needed.

scholarly journals Influence of ApoE Genotype and Clock T3111C Interaction with Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bessi ◽  
Juri Balestrini ◽  
Silvia Bagnoli ◽  
Salvatore Mazzeo ◽  
Giulia Giacomucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
History Of

Background: Some genes could interact with cardiovascular risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. We aimed to evaluate the interaction between ApoE ε4 status, Clock T3111C and Per2 C111G polymorphisms with cardiovascular profile in Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: We included 68 patients who underwent clinical evaluation; neuropsychological assessment; ApoE, Clock and Per2 genotyping at baseline; and neuropsychological follow-up every 12–24 months for a mean of 13 years. We considered subjects who developed AD and non-converters. Results: Clock T3111C was detected in 47% of cases, Per2 C111G in 19% of cases. ApoE ε4 carriers presented higher risk of heart disease; Clock C-carriers were more frequently smokers than non C-carriers. During the follow-up, 17 patients progressed to AD. Age at baseline, ApoE ε 4 and dyslipidemia increased the risk of conversion to AD. ApoE ε4 carriers with history of dyslipidemia showed higher risk to convert to AD compared to ApoE ε4− groups and ApoE ε4+ without dyslipidemia patients. Clock C-carriers with history of blood hypertension had a higher risk of conversion to AD. Conclusions: ApoE and Clock T3111C seem to interact with cardiovascular risk factors in SCD and MCI patients influencing the progression to AD.

Can older “at risk” adults benefit from psychoeducation targeting healthy brain aging?

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa M. Norrie ◽  
Keri Diamond ◽  
Ian B. Hickie ◽  
Naomi L. Rogers ◽  
Samantha Fearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Late Life Depression

ABSTRACTBackground:Multifactorial strategies that prevent or delay the onset or progress of cognitive decline and dementia are needed, and should include education regarding recognized risk factors. The current study sought to investigate whether older adults “at risk” of cognitive decline benefit from psychoeducation targeting healthy brain aging.Methods:65 participants (mean age 64.8 years, SD 9.6) with a lifetime history of major depression; vascular risk as evidenced by at least one vascular risk factor; and/or subjective or objective memory impairment were allocated to weekly psychoeducation sessions or a waitlist control group. The small group sessions were conducted over ten weeks by a team of medical and allied health professionals with expertise in late-life depression and cognition. Sessions focused on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline including vascular risk, diet, exercise, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance, as well as providing practical strategies for memory and cognition. Both the psychoeducation and waitlist group completed a 20-item knowledge test at baseline and follow-up. Participants in the psychoeducation group were asked to complete follow-up self-report satisfaction questionnaires.Results:Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect depicting improvements in knowledge associated with psychoeducation, corresponding to an improvement of 15% from baseline. Satisfaction data additionally showed that 92.3% of participants rated the program as “good” to “excellent”, and over 90% suggested they would recommend it to others.Conclusions:A group-based psychoeducation program targeting healthy brain aging is effective in improving knowledge. Additionally, it is acceptable and rated highly by participants.

Cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors accelerated cognitive deterioration in patients with late-life depression: a one-year prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
Zhangying Wu ◽  
Cong Ouyang ◽  
Wanyuan Liang ◽  
Ben Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Cognitive Deterioration ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTObjectives:Cognitive impairment in late-life depression is common and associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia. Late-life depression patients with comorbid cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or related risk factors may experience higher risks of cognitive deterioration in the short term. We aim to investigate the effect of CVDs and their related risk factors on the cognitive function of patients with late-life depression.Methods:A total of 148 participants were recruited (67 individuals with late-life depression and 81 normal controls). The presence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia was defined as the presence of comorbid CVDs or related risk factors. Global cognitive functions were assessed at baseline and after a one-year follow-up by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Global cognitive deterioration was defined by the reliable change index (RCI) of the MMSE.Results:Late-life depression patients with CVDs or related risk factors were associated with 6.8 times higher risk of global cognitive deterioration than those without any of these comorbidities at a one-year follow-up. This result remained robust after adjusting for age, gender, and changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores.Conclusions:This study suggests that late-life depression patients with comorbid CVDs or their related risk factors showed a higher risk of cognitive deterioration in the short-term (one-year follow up). Given that CVDs and their related risk factors are currently modifiable, active treatment of these comorbidities may delay rapid cognitive deterioration in patients with late-life depression.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Depression: Findings from the MTLD-III Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Rej ◽  
Amy Begley ◽  
Ariel Gildengers ◽  
Mary Amanda Dew ◽  
Charles F. Reynolds III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Late Life Depression

scholarly journals Carotid artery wave intensity in mid- to late-life predicts cognitive decline: the Whitehall II study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (28) ◽  
pp. 2300-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T Chiesa ◽  
Stefano Masi ◽  
Martin J Shipley ◽  
Elizabeth A Ellins ◽  
Alan G Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Wave Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
The Common

Abstract Aims Excessive arterial pulsatility may contribute to cognitive decline and risk of dementia via damage to the fragile cerebral microcirculation. We hypothesized that the intensity of downstream-travelling pulsatile waves measured by wave intensity analysis in the common carotid artery during mid- to late-life would be associated with subsequent cognitive decline. Methods and results Duplex Doppler ultrasound was used to calculate peak forward-travelling compression wave intensity (FCWI) within the common carotid artery in 3191 individuals [mean ± standard deviation (SD), age = 61 ± 6 years; 75% male] assessed as part of the Whitehall II study in 2003–05. Serial measures of cognitive function were taken between 2002–04 and 2015–16. The relationship between FCWI and cognitive decline was adjusted for sociodemographic variables, genetic and health-related risk factors, and health behaviours. Mean (SD) 10-year change in standardized global cognitive score was -0.39 (0.18). Higher FCWI at baseline was associated with accelerated cognitive decline during follow-up [difference in 10-year change of global cognitive score per 1 SD higher FCWI = −0.02 (95% confidence interval −0.04 to −0.00); P = 0.03]. This association was largely driven by cognitive changes in individuals with the highest FCWI [Q4 vs. Q1–Q3 = −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01), P = 0.01], equivalent to an age effect of 1.9 years. Compared to other participants, this group was ∼50% more likely to exhibit cognitive decline (defined as the top 15% most rapid reductions in cognitive function during follow-up) even after adjustments for multiple potential confounding factors [odds ratio 1.49 (1.17–1.88)]. Conclusion Elevated carotid artery wave intensity in mid- to late-life predicts faster cognitive decline in long-term follow-up independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.

A longitudinal study of cognitive decline in rural Tanzania: rates and potentially modifiable risk factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Heward ◽  
Lydia Stone ◽  
Stella-Maria Paddick ◽  
Sarah Mkenda ◽  
William K. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:The number of people living with dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to increase rapidly in the coming decades. However, our understanding of how best to reduce dementia risk in the population is very limited. As a first step in developing intervention strategies to manage dementia risk in this setting, we investigated rates of cognitive decline in a rural population in Tanzania and attempted to identify associated factors.Methods:The study was conducted in the rural Hai district of northern Tanzania. In 2014, community-dwelling people aged 65 years and over living in six villages were invited to take part in a cognitive screening program. All participants from four of the six villages were followed-up at two years and cognitive function re-tested. At baseline and follow-up, participants were assessed for functional disability, hypertension, and grip strength (as a measure of frailty). At follow-up, additional assessments of visual acuity, hearing impairment, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and clinical assessment for stroke were completed.Results:Baseline and follow-up data were available for 327 people. Fifty people had significant cognitive decline at two-year follow-up. Having no formal education, low grip strength at baseline, being female and having depression at follow-up were independently associated with cognitive decline.Conclusions:This is one of the first studies of cognitive decline conducted in SSA. Rates of decline at two years were relatively high. Future work should focus on identification of specific modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline with a view to developing culturally appropriate interventions.

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