scholarly journals The power of Dionysus—Effects of red wine on consciousness in a naturalistic setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256198
Author(s):  
Rui Miguel Costa ◽  
Arlindo Madeira ◽  
Matilde Barata ◽  
Marc Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Experience Effects ◽  
Thought Speed

There is lack of research on effects of red wine on consciousness when drank in wine bars designed to enhance the pleasurableness of the wine drinking experience. Effects of a moderate dose of red wine (≈ 40.98 g of ethanol) on consciousness were examined in a naturalistic study taking place in a wine bar located in one of the most touristic areas of Lisbon, Portugal. One hundred two participants drank in one of three conditions: alone, in dyad, or in groups up to six people. Red wine increased pleasure and arousal, decreased the awareness of time, slowed the subjective passage of time, increased the attentional focus on the present moment, decreased body awareness, slowed thought speed, turned imagination more vivid, and made the environment become more fascinating. Red wine increased insightfulness and originality of thoughts, increased sensations of oneness with the environment, spiritual feelings, all-encompassing love, and profound peace. All changes in consciousness occurred regardless of volunteers drinking alone, in dyad or in group. Men and women did not report different changes in consciousness. Older age correlated with greater increases in pleasure. Younger age correlated with greater increases in fascination with the environment of the wine bar. Drinking wine in a contemporaneous Western environment designed to enhance the pleasurableness of the wine drinking experience may trigger changes in consciousness commonly associated with mystical-type states.

scholarly journals The power of Dionysus – Effects of red wine on consciousness: a naturalistic study in a wine bar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Costa ◽  
Arlindo Madeira ◽  
Matilde Barata ◽  
Marc Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Experience Effects ◽  
Thought Speed

There is lack of research on effects of red wine on consciousness when drank in wine bars designed to enhance the pleasurableness of wine drinking experience. Effects of a moderate dose of red wine (≈ 40.98 g of ethanol) on consciousness were examined in a naturalistic study taking place in a wine bar located in one of the most touristic areas of Lisbon, Portugal. One hundred two participants drank in one of three conditions: alone, in dyad, or in groups up to six people. Red wine increased pleasure and arousal, decreased the awareness of time, slowed the subjective passage of time, increased the attentional focus on the present moment, decreased body awareness, slowed thought speed, turned imagination more vivid, and made the environment become more fascinating. Red wine increased insightfulness and originality of thoughts, increased sensations of oneness with the environment, spiritual feelings, all-encompassing love, and profound peace. All changes in consciousness occurred regardless of volunteers drinking alone, in dyad or in group. Men and women did not report different changes in consciousness. Older age correlated with greater increases in pleasure. Younger age correlated with greater increases in fascination with the environment of the wine bar. Drinking wine in a contemporaneous Western environment designed to enhance the pleasurableness of the wine drinking experience may trigger changes in consciousness commonly associated with mystical-type states.

More questions than answers: a study of question–answer sequences in a naturalistic setting

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suus M. J. van Hekken ◽  
Wim Roelofsen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Naturalistic Setting

ABSTRACTThe present study examines changes with age in interrogative sequences among Dutch-speaking children. Thirty-eight male and female pairs of children were videotaped in a play situation; eight pairs of pre-schoolers and ten pairs of 7-, 9- and 11-year-old schoolchildren, with an equal number of pairs of boys and pairs of girls at each age level. An interrogative sequence consists of: question–listener reaction–confirmation of that reaction. Questions were analysed according to function, content and form, and listener reaction according to how appropriate it was. The main results are: (1) changes with age occur in the use and form but not in the content of questions; (2) a relation exists between the function, content and form of a question and the listener's reaction; (3) listeners frequently do not answer questions (this tendency is stronger within the two younger age groups than within the two older ones); (4) answers are frequently not confirmed.

Flow and music performance: Professional musicians and music students’ views

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110309
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Céline Kosirnik ◽  
Esther Ortuño ◽  
Michele Biasutti
Keyword(s):  
Music Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Performance Preparation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Technical Mastery ◽  
High Level

Performing music at the highest levels involves great competitiveness. When each performance represents a major personal challenge, success is no longer solely dependent on a high level of technical mastery: the psychological aspects of the performance also have a decisive impact. The concept of flow is presented as a phenomenon associated with significant improvements in the musician’s performance and well-being. This work explores musicians’ positive experiences in performance situations and studies the factors that promote the emergence of flow during competitions. Eleven musicians, both professionals and students, were interviewed to consider ways of promoting the emergence of flow that help them to produce high-quality performances. Our analysis revealed several different factors promoting the emergence of flow: social standing, performance preparation, connection to one’s body, awareness of skills and self-confidence, intrinsic motivation, attentional focus, and transcendence. These findings enhance our understanding of the conditions influencing the emergence of flow. We consider work pathways which might facilitate the emergence of flow experiences and thus help musicians to produce high-quality performances while protecting them from the harmful effects of stress and anxiety.

Joint attention on actions: acquiring verbs in ostensive and non-ostensive contexts

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello ◽  
Ann Cale Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Perceptual Field ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Teaching Paradigm

ABSTRACTTwo studies of verb learning are reported. The focus of both studies was on children in their second year of life learning verbs in various pragmatic contexts. Of particular interest was the comparison of ostensive contexts – in which word and referent were simultaneously present in the child's perceptual field – to non-ostensive contexts. In a naturalistic study of 24 children at 1;3 and 1;9, it was found that mothers modelled verbs for their children most often BEFORE the referent action actually occurred. Over 60% of maternal verbs were used to refer to actions that mothers wished children to perform or that they were anticipating their performing (IMPENDING actions). Some verbs were also used to refer to current actions (ONGOING actions) or actions that had just been completed (COMPLETED actions). Children responded with comprehension most often to impending models. Impending and completed models, but not ongoing models, were correlated with children's verb vocabularies at 1;9. The second study was a lexical training study of 48 two-year-olds. Children learned to produce a novel verb best when it was modelled in the impending condition. They learned to comprehend it equally well in the impending and completed conditions. Children showed no signs of superior learning in the ostensive (ongoing) learning context. Results of the two studies are discussed in terms of the different learning processes involved in acquiring nouns and verbs, and, more broadly, in terms of a social-pragmatic view of language acquisition in which the ostensive teaching paradigm is but one of many contexts in which children learn to establish a joint attentional focus with mature language users.

How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta K. Hölzel ◽  
Sara W. Lazar ◽  
Tim Gard ◽  
Zev Schuman-Olivier ◽  
David R. Vago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Number Of Publications

Cultivation of mindfulness, the nonjudgmental awareness of experiences in the present moment, produces beneficial effects on well-being and ameliorates psychiatric and stress-related symptoms. Mindfulness meditation has therefore increasingly been incorporated into psychotherapeutic interventions. Although the number of publications in the field has sharply increased over the last two decades, there is a paucity of theoretical reviews that integrate the existing literature into a comprehensive theoretical framework. In this article, we explore several components through which mindfulness meditation exerts its effects: (a) attention regulation, (b) body awareness, (c) emotion regulation (including reappraisal and exposure, extinction, and reconsolidation), and (d) change in perspective on the self. Recent empirical research, including practitioners’ self-reports and experimental data, provides evidence supporting these mechanisms. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies have begun to explore the neuroscientific processes underlying these components. Evidence suggests that mindfulness practice is associated with neuroplastic changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, temporo-parietal junction, fronto-limbic network, and default mode network structures. The authors suggest that the mechanisms described here work synergistically, establishing a process of enhanced self-regulation. Differentiating between these components seems useful to guide future basic research and to specifically target areas of development in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Mindfulness meditation experience is associated with increased ability to monitor covert somatosensory attention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Whitmarsh ◽  
Ole Jensen ◽  
Henk Barendregt
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Attentional State ◽  
Meditation Experience ◽  
Temporal Profiles

AbstractThe distinguishing practice of mindfulness meditation is the intentional regulation of attention towards the present moment. Mindfulness meditation therefore emphasizes metacognitive functions, in particular the ability to monitor the attentional focus on a moment-by-moment basis. In this study we set out to test whether mindfulness meditation experience is associated with an increased ability to monitor moment-by-moment fluctuation in the attentional state. In response to auditory cues, participants maintained somatosensory attention to either their left or right hand. At random moments, trials were terminated by a probe sound to which participants reported their level of attention at that moment. MEG was recorded during the attention interval preceding probe onset. Using a beamformer approach, alpha activity in contralateral primary somatosensory regions was quantified. Alpha activity for self-reported high versus low attention trials was compared both within and between groups of either highly experienced experienced mindfulness meditators, novice meditators or meditation-naive participants (controls). As predicted, generally contralateral alpha power was associated with self-reported attention. Novice meditators (< 1000 h of meditation) showed temporal profiles similar to controls, displaying a correspondence between self-report and alpha power preceding probe onset. Expert meditators (≫ 1000 h) showed a strikingly different pattern, however. Their self-reported attentional state corresponded with alpha power during a more extended time interval preceding those of controls and novice meditators. In addition, self-reported low attention trials showed a distinctive alpha suppression preceding probe onset, suggesting that the ability for moment-by-moment monitoring of the attentional state permitted greater attentional control.

The Pharmacological Management of Behavioural Disturbance in Psychosis: a Naturalistic Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Daniel ◽  
James Chamberlain ◽  
David Castle
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Behavioural Disturbance ◽  
Royal Melbourne Hospital ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Efficacy Measures

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of atypical and typical anti-psychotics in treating behavioural disturbance in people with psychotic disorders, in a naturalistic setting. Method: This was a prospective naturalistic study of 303 incidents of behavioural disturbance at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Results: There was no significant difference between atypicals and typicals on two efficacy measures and some evidence on a third measure, that typicals are more effective. Conclusions: In the pharmacological treatment of behavioural disturbance in psychosis, typical and atypical anti-psychotics have largely comparable efficacy.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Brief-Mindfulness Intervention on Psychophysiological Exertion and Flow-State Among Sedentary Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252098442
Author(s):  
Jennifer Meggs ◽  
Mark Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Mindfulness Intervention ◽  
Training Tool

Mindfulness-acceptance commitment interventions in sport and exercise contexts have been helpful to increasing a positive psycho-physiological state among competitive athletes and recreational exercise participants. In the current study, we sought to extend research in this area by identifying the effect of a brief-mindfulness intervention on psychophysiological functioning among healthy but sedentary young adults. Our mixed gender sample (n = 42) of inactive individuals performed a brief cycling task without training (control condition) followed by task completion with brief mindfulness training (15-minute audio engagement with mindfulness techniques and specific present moment 'anchors'). We found that participants self-reported more accurate ratings of perceived exertion (i.e., self-ratings better matched actual physiological indices of exertion) following the mindfulness intervention, suggesting that mindfulness techniques can increase bodily awareness. Better body awareness may be useful to helping sedentary participants appreciate physiological changes experienced through exercise. The mindfulness manipulation also increased participants’ absorption into the activity, suggesting greater attentiveness to the exercise task with less distraction from irrelevant external and internal cues. In sum, mindfulness may be a complementary psychological training tool for inactive, sedentary young adults attempting to re-engage with exercise. We provide recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Attentional Foci and their Temporal Patterns: A Naturalistic Study in Expert Figure Skaters

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Bernier ◽  
Christiane Trottier ◽  
Emilie Thienot ◽  
Jean Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to explore attentional foci and their temporal patterns in expert skaters in real competition situations. Individual self-confrontation interviews were held with 8 expert figure skaters while they watched their videotaped program performed in official competitions. Qualitative data analysis revealed that skaters used a substantial number of foci, which were classified by content and characteristics. Event listing was used to display the patterns of foci over time, revealing that skaters used distinct processes to prepare for, perform, and evaluate different program elements. These results highlighted the great flexibility and variability of attentional focus, according to circumstantial factors.

A moderate dose of red wine, but not de-alcoholized red wine increases coronary flow reserve

2007 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. e176-e181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas O. Kiviniemi ◽  
Antti Saraste ◽  
Jyri O. Toikka ◽  
Markku Saraste ◽  
Olli T. Raitakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Flow Reserve ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Flow Reserve
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