scholarly journals The influence of vermicomposting on photosynthetic activity and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) crop under semi-arid climate

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256450
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Huasong Zou ◽  
Tasmia Laraib ◽  
Waseem Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
The Impact

Food production and waste recycling are the two major issues faced globally with rapidly increasing population. Recycling organic wastes to crop amendments could be a possible solution to these issues. Earthworms transfer organic waste to compost, which is used to grow crops and increase crop productivity. This study assessed the impact of vermicompost produced from the residues of six desert plant species, i.e., (Ziziphus mauritiana, Aerva javanica, Calligonum comosum, Sacchrum benghalens, Calligonum polygonoides and Prosopis cineraria) combined with farmyard manure (5 t ha-1) on growth, yield and photosynthetic activity of maize crop. Earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) was used to prepare vermicomposting of all tested plant species. The desert species were collected from natural habitats, chopped, dried, mixed with FYM and then earthworms were released to prepare the vermicompost. The earthworms were excluded twenty days after release and resultant was considered as compost and used in the experiment. Results revealed that application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest plant height (75.33 cm), stem diameter (22.66 mm), cob length (17.66 cm), number of grains/cob (374.67), 1000-grain weight (260.41 g) and grains yield (3.20 t/ha). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest uptake of macronutrients, i.e., N (91.01%), P (22.07%), K (80.41%), micronutrients, i.e., Fe (19.07 ppm), Zn (40.05 ppm), and phenolic contents (150). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost also resulted in the highest quantum photosynthetic yield (0.42 mole C/mole of photon), chlorophyll florescence (355.18 moles of photon m-2s-1) and electron transport rate (310.18 micro mole m-2s-1). It is concluded that vermicomposting has the potential to improve growth and yield of maize crop. Particularly, application of vermicompost obtained from P. cineraria can be used to improve the growth and yield of maize crop. Nonetheless, field trials are necessary for a wide scale recommendation.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Improves the Growth and Yield in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Shafiq AHMAD ◽  
Taqi RAZA ◽  
Shakeel IMRAN ◽  
Neal S. EASH ◽  
Nawab KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
The Impact

Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, micronutrients availability to plants plays a key role in agricultural crops production. Boron is an important micronutrient for crops and it significantly aids in a grain setting. Soil applied boron become unavailable to plant due to fixation in soil sites and cause nutrients deficiency in plants, immature grain settings, and yield reduction. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify the impact of the foliar application of boron gradients on the yield and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five treatments were studied, which included; T1= Control (0% B), T2 = 0.5% B, T3 = 1% B, T4 =1.5% B, and T5 =2% B. The results indicated that foliar application of B significantly increased the yield and growth traits in barley. However, 2% foliar application of B showed the highest value for all studied traits including; plant height (5.6%), number of tillers per plant (2.4%), spike length (32%), weight gain per spike (6.2%), seed index (6%), grain yield (10%), and biological yield (4%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the foliar application of B at 2% can be used to improve the growth and yield in barley.

Unraveling the impact of plant-density genetic architecture on agronomic traits in canola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesica C Menendez ◽  
Diego H Sanchez ◽  
Rod J Snowdon ◽  
Deborah P Rondanini ◽  
Javier F Botto
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plant density defines vegetative architecture and competition for light between individuals. Brassica napus (canola), as a model system of indeterminate growth, presents a radically different plant architecture compared to traditional crops commonly cultivated at high density. Using a panel of 152 spring-type canola accessions and a double haploid (DH) population of 99 lines from a cross between Lynx and Monty, we performed Genome-Wide-Analysis-Studies (GWAS) and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping for 12 growth and yield traits at two contrasting plant densities (15 and 60 plants m -2). We revealed mostly novel associations by GWAS (19) and QTLs (11) for growth and yield traits being the most significant for flowering, biomass, rosette height, silique and seed number, and grain yield; often representing density-independent signals although we also uncovered some density-dependent associations typically mapping at low density. Further RNA-seq transcriptomics revealed distinctive latent gene regulatory responses to simulated shade between Lynx and Monty. Given the phylogenetic relatedness, we additionally used Arabidopsis thaliana aiming at testing genes to validate density effects of homologous counterparts mapping into relevant rapeseed QTLs. Our results suggest that TCP1 may promote the growth independently of plant neighbors, while HY5 could increase biomass and seed yield specifically at high plant density. For flowering time, the observations in tested mutants suggested that the corresponding genes may plausibly contribute to promote flowering in plant-density dependent (i.e., PIN) and independent (i.e., FT, HY5 and TCP1) manner. This work underscores the advantages of using agronomic field experiments together with genetic and transcriptomic approaches to decipher quantitative complex traits that potentially mediate superior crop productivity.

scholarly journals Organic amendments for mitigating soil salinity in rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shithi Chowdhury ◽  
Dhiman Bhusan ◽  
Md Abul Hashem ◽  
Md Anamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Boro Rice

Salinity causes cellular damage and limits crop productivity. Accumulation of organic compound is one of the adaptive mechanisms to salinity in plants. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farmer’s field of Botiaghata, Khulna to investigate the mitigating effects of organic manures on salinity stress in rice genotypes during both aman and boro seasons. Two T. aman rice (salt-sensitive; BR-23 and local cultivar; Mohini) and two boro rice (salt-sensitive; BRRI dhan-29 and salt-tolerant; BINA dhan-8) were used as test crops. Farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were applied to the soils during final land preparation. There were five treatments namely T0= control (no manure), T1=FYM (5 t/ha), T2=FYM (10 t/ha), T3=PM (4 t/ha), T4=PM (8 t/ha).Thirtyday- old rice seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. Salinity caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both aman and boro rice. Under saline condition, BR-23 (aman rice) produced higher yield than local cultivar Mohini in aman season while BINA dhan-8 produced higher yield than BRRI dhan29 in boro season. Soil amendments with FYM and PM significantly increased the growth, and grain and straw yields of all rice cultivars under saline conditions. Increased nutrient uptake and K+/Na+ ratio in rice were also observed due to application of organic manures. No considerable changes in post-harvest soil properties such as pH, EC, CEC and organic matter status of saline soils were observed by addition of FYM and PM. The present study suggests that soil amendments with FYM and PM improve salt tolerance in rice by increasing K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 11-17, April 2019

scholarly journals Agronomic efficiency and profitability of cotton on integrated use of phosphorus and plant microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ali ◽  
M. I. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract Cotton crop, plays a significant role in Pakistan’s economy by ruling a prominent place in edible oil and local textile industry. Phosphorus (P) inaccessibility and deficiency of soil organic matter are the key restraints for low crop productivity in cotton. Therefore, a two years field study was designed during 2014-15, to explore the influence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and inanimate sources of P on various physiological, growth, yield and quality parameters of cotton crop at CCRI Multan. Field responses of seeds inoculated with two distinctive phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) strains viz. S0 = control, S1 =strain-1, S2 = strain-2 and eight organic, inorganic P sources viz., P0= control, P1 = 80 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P2 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM, P3 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM, P4 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P5 = 40 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P6 = 80 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source, P7 = 80 kg ha-1 P from PM + 40 kg ha-1 P from inorganic source and P8 = 40 kg ha-1 P from FYM + 40 kg ha-1 P from PM were evaluated. Results revealed that inoculation of seeds with PSB and collective use of inorganic and organic sources of P had considerably increased the yield contributing attributes in cotton. However, the treatment P7 (80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source) in coincidence with seeds inoculated with PSB (S1) produced taller plant, maximum boll weight, significantly higher LAI and CGR. Significantly higher seed cotton yield, lint yield, fiber length and maximum BCR of 1.95 and 1.81 was also obtained from the P7 treatment during both crop-growing seasons. In conclusion, combined use of 80 kg P ha-1 from PM + 40 kg P ha-1 from inorganic source and cotton seeds inoculated with strain-1 improved phosphorus uptake ensuing in greater consumption of photo-assimilates for maximum growth and yield.

scholarly journals Red Edge Position (REP), an Indicator for Crop Stress Detection: Implication on Rice (Oryza sativa L)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Jonali Goswami ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
K. K. Sarma ◽  
P. L. N. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Red Edge Position

Crop stresses due to both biotic and abiotic are the major factors affecting crop productivity. The need of the hour is to minimize the yield losses due to these stresses. Early detection can help to reduce the impact of stresses on crop growth and yield. Remote sensing techniques have been shown to be timely, non-destructive and provide spatial estimates for quantifying and monitoring crop stress as compared to direct field techniques. In this study we tested the possibility of detecting impact of abiotic stresses, mainly Nitrogen (N) and elevated CO2 and Temperature on growth and yield of rice crops based on the spectral reflectance data in the red edge position (REP). Spectral reflectances of crop canopyi from 350 to 2500 nm acquired using SVC spectroradiometer under clear sky condition between 11:00 and 13:00 IST. The results thus obtained indicate that REP is a good indicator of crop stress detection as healthy crops always are at longer wavelength as compared to crop under stress. The research work done also elucidates that REP can lead to the development of real-time management tool for crop stress detection, thereby reducing the yield losses due these stresses.

scholarly journals Integrated Usage of Farm Yard Manure and Urea Improves Wheat Yield and Soil Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Syed Adnan Mazhar ◽  
Soahil Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
The Impact

Optimum usage of fertilizers is an important factor that defines the fate of crop yield by confirming the accessibility of nutrients in soil. Imbalance use of fertilizer not only reduces the crop productivity but also adversely affects the soil properties. A one-year experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different levels of farm yard manure and urea on soil properties, growth and yield of wheat crop. Treatments were application of nitrogen at i) 125 kg ha-1 from urea, ii) 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen from urea + 10 tons of farm yard manure ha-1 and iii) 20 tons of farm yard manure ha-1. Wheat cultivar Sehar-2006 was used in the experiment. All the treatments’ combination affected crop growth, economic yield and soil properties. However, maximum positive impact of combined use of farm yard manure and urea was observed. Results indicated that productive tillers per unit area (16%), plant height, number of spikelets per spike (12.5%) and economical yield (11%) were greatly enhanced by combined usage of urea and farm yard manure as compared to sole application of urea. Combined application of urea and farm yard manure also positively affected the soil bulk density, particle density, percent porosity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity as compared to either sole use of urea or farm yard manure. Combined usage of farm yard manure and urea are suggested better to produce higher economical yield along with improved soil properties.

scholarly journals Mutualistic Fungal Endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae Ct0861 Colonizes and Increases Growth and Yield of Maize and Tomato Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Sandra Díaz-González ◽  
Patricia Marín ◽  
Roberto Sánchez ◽  
Cristina Arribas ◽  
John Kruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Nutritional Conditions

Facing rising global food demand in a sustainable way is a great challenge of modern agriculture. Thus, the increase of crop productivity and resilience in an adverse climate scenario is urgently needed. Fungal endophytes have been described as potential biological tools to improve plant yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, their application in agriculture needs further research. The fungal endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae strain Ct0861 establishes a mutualistic interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana, promoting plant growth and silique production at low phosphate conditions. Until now, its ability to colonize and confer benefits to other plant species remained unexplored. Here, we show that Ct0861 colonizes and promotes growth in vitro of maize (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings, resulting in significantly larger shoot length and weight. Greenhouse and field experiments in optimal nutritional conditions showed an increase between 12% and 22% of yield in both tomato and maize. The inoculated plants were not suffering from phosphate starvation, which points at different modes of action not elucidated yet. These results indicate that the beneficial effect of Ct0861 may extend to other plant species of economic importance, making Ct0861 a potentially valuable inoculant.

scholarly journals Trampling Intensity and Vegetation Response and Recovery according to Altitude: An Experimental Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Michal Apollo ◽  
Viacheslav Andreychouk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The trampling of vegetation caused by recreation and tourism can lead to the loss of vegetation and the degradation of plant communities, which adversely affects natural habitats. This paper investigates the impact of trampling on plant species in the high-mountain environment, where plant resources are limited and any recovery is slow. It is commonly accepted that the sensitivity of the vegetation in mountains increases as altitude increases. Therefore, this study supposed that the same plant species would have different responses to trampling at different altitudes. By using a standardized method of experimental trampling, an empirical study was conducted on eight plant species at two altitudes: 4072 m and 4480 m. Each species was trampled 0–500 times. Response to trampling was assessed by determining plant cover two weeks after trampling and one year after trampling. For most species, the relationship between plant cover after trampling and trampling intensity was very clear (linear). This research found the following: (1) vegetation has extremely high ecological sensitivity to trampling in the examined environment; (2) above 4000 m, an increase in altitude does not increase the sensitivity of vegetation. Vegetation above a certain altitude exhibits similar, very high sensitivity to trampling.

scholarly journals Assessment of maize-peanut intercropping and its potential waste usage for cattle feed in dry land

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
I N Adijaya ◽  
N L G Budiari ◽  
I M R Yasa ◽  
A R K Sari ◽  
T F Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Planting System

Abstract Intercropping planting system is one of methods to enhance the land productivity. The maize and peanut crops waste has high beneficial to farmers for cattle feed. The study of maize and peanut crops intercropping has been conducted in May-August 2020. Study was arranged by using Randomized Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and replicated for 8 times. Treatments examined were P1: Srikandi Kuning maize variety cultivated by monoculture planting system; P2: Nasa 29 maize variety cultivated by monoculture; P3: Peanut crop cultivated by monoculture; P4: Srikandi Kuning and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping; P5: Nasa 29 and peanut crop cultivated by intercropping. Variables observed were growth and yield components and analysed by analysis of variance and advanced tested by LSD at 5%. To know the land productivity, the calculation of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was done meanwhile the Index of Plant Competition (IPC) also was calculated to know the plant competition level. Results showed that the peanut crop productivity by intercropping was decrease about 37.50%-38.79% compared to monoculture. Meanwhile, the productivity of Srikandi Kuning maize variety was also decrease due to the reducing of plant population. The intercropping of Srikandi Kuning and Nasa 29 variety with peanut crop enhance the LER became 1.02 and 1.03. The utilization of Nasa 29 maize variety by intercropping with peanut crop was better than Srikandi Kuning with the lower IPC namely 0.8932 meanwhile the IPC of Srikandi Kuning was 0.9270. The potential waste for cattle feed at maize crop plantation by monoculture was higher than intercropping with peanut crop and peanut crops by monoculture namely P3: 572 head/ha; P1: 500 head/ha; P5: 484 head/ha; P4: 454 head/day; P3: 288 head/day.

scholarly journals The impact of forest infrastructure reconstruction on expansion of potentially invasive plant species: First results from a study in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Matisone Ilze ◽  
Zumberga Amanda ◽  
Lībiete Zane ◽  
Gerra-Inohosa Linda ◽  
Jansons Jurģis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

Today, when anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems promotes degradation of natural habitats and facilitates distribution of alien species, local disturbances such as forest management become more significant in relation to alien plant species expansion. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of forest road and drainage network reconstruction on the vegetation composition focusing on the expansion of invasive alien plant species. The occurrence and coverage of vascular plant and bryophyte species were recorded within 160 sample plots along four forest roads and four drainage ditches. This paper summarises the first results of this study. The main results indicate that small-scale linear corridors like forest roads and drainage networks can promote the expansion of invasive alien plant species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document