scholarly journals Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257203
Author(s):  
Yayeh Bitew ◽  
Bitwoded Derebe ◽  
Abebe Worku ◽  
Gobezie Chakelie
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
Sole Cropping

An experiment on maize (Zea mays)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping was conducted for two years (2014 and 2016) at two locations in North western Ethiopia with the objective of determining the spatial arrangement and planting date of common bean. Common bean intercropped with maize at three planting dates (simultaneously with maize, at emergence and knee height of maize) in two spatial arrangements (alternate and paired arrangements).The experimental design was factotrial randomized complete block design with three replications. Sole maize and common bean were included as a check. Results revealed that the spatial and temporal differentiation significantly affect only the agronomic attributes of common bean in common bean-maize intercropping. At Adet the grain yield of common bean (1.9 t ha-1), LER (1.99) and MAI (357) in maize-common bean intercropping was higher when common bean was planted at the same time with maize in paired planting pattern. On the other hand, maximum LER (1.61) and MAI (2.83) at Finoteselam were observed when common bean was intercropped with maize at maize emergence in paired planting pattern. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize gave more stable total land output yield as compared to other intercropping systems but showed high variability as compared to the sole cropping. Thus, it can be concluded that planting common bean simultaneously with maize in paired planting pattern at Adet and planting common bean at maize emergence at Finoteselam in maize-common bean intercropping gave maximum land use efficiency and profitability of the cropping system without reducing the main crop yield (maize).This research also suggested further research on the compatibility of various maize and common bean varieties in different spatial and temporal differentiation.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Maize-Cowpea Intercropping System Related to Environmental Resources Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Kamyar KAZEMI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Environmental Resource ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Replacement Design

A field experiment was carried out in Ramhormoz, Iran during the 2008-2009 growing season to investigate the effects of different planting pattern of intercropping on environmental resource consumption and weed biomass. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included maize sole crop (M), cow pea sole crop (C), within row intercropping (I1), row intercropping (I2) and mix cropping (I3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one maize replaced by three cow pea plants). The results showed that environmental resource consumption was significantly (P?0.05) affected by cropping system, where PAR interception, moisture and nutrients uptake were higher in intercropping systems compared to sole crop systems. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops and it was related to lower availability of environmental resources for weeds in intercropping systems.

Competitive ability of maize and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars intercropped in different environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. S. P. Rezende ◽  
M. A. P. Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Growth Habits

SummarySixteen common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars with different life cycles and growth habits were intercropped with four maize cultivars, to evaluate the competitive ability of each yield component, following a methodology similar to that used for diallel crosses. The experiments were done in 1991 at two sites in Brazil. The intercropping combinations were evaluated using an 8 × 8 quadratic lattice design with three replications. Two other experiments were done on monocultures, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The variable considered was ‘maize equivalent yield’, obtained by adjusting for the price difference between the species. The method used showed that the differences in performance of the many intercropped combinations can be explained by ‘general complementing ability’ (gĉa) of each cultivar, since there was no significant effect of ‘specific complementing ability’ (sĉa). The best maize cultivars to be intercropped with common bean (indicated by high gĉa values) were BR–201 and C–525, which produced high grain yields when intercropped without detrimental effects on legume yields. FT–84–292, Carioca 300V and ESAL506 were the common bean cultivars with the highest yields when intercropped, which was also reflected in their good performance in monoculture. Significant cultivar × location interactions occurred only in monocultures, supporting the belief that intercropping is a more stable cropping system.

scholarly journals Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽  
Yaghoub RAEI ◽  
Rouhollah AMINI ◽  
Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽  
Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

scholarly journals On-Farm Evaluation of Improved Pattern Through Inclusion of Mustard in Fallow Period Preceding T. Aus-T. Aman Rice Cropping in Sylhet Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
MI Nazrul
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

The study was conducted at the farmer’s field in Sylhet under AEZ 20 during three consecutive years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to determine the productivity and profitability of cropping patterns viz. IP: improved pattern (Mustard-T. Aus-T. Aman rice) by introducing high yielding varieties and improved management practices and FP: farmer’s pattern (Fallow-T. Aus-T. Aman rice). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Results showed that the improved pattern with management practices provided 6.88 and 22.84 % higher grain yield of T. Aus and T. Aman rice, respectively; also contributed higher mean rice equivalent yield (9.44 t ha-1) compared to farmer’s pattern.Sustainable yield index (0.36), production efficiency (39.75 kg ha-1day-1), and land use efficiency (75.98 %) were maximum in Mustard-T. Aus- T. Aman rice cropping system on an average. Similarly, the highest mean gross margin (Tk.1,12,425 ha-1) with benefit cost ratio (2.13) was obtained from improved pattern. Three years results revealed that 24% extra cost provides an ample scope of considerable improvement of the productivity with the inclusion of Mustard before T. Aus rice in improved pattern. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 1-10

scholarly journals On-farm evaluation of production potential and economics of Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice-based cropping system

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
AFM Ruhul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency

The study was conducted to determine the yield and economic consequences of two cropping patterns viz. improved cropping pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) and farmers, pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) through incorporation of modern high yielding varieties and improved management practices for crop production. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with five dispersed replications in farmers’ condition in Faridpur during two consecutive years 2011-12 and 2012-13. Two years mean data showed that the improved management practices for the pattern provided significantly higher yield in Wheat, Jute and T.aman rice. The gross return (Tk. 265495/ha) and net return (Tk.123087/ha) of improved pattern were 9 % and 18 % higher, respectively compared to that of farmers’ pattern with only 3% extra cost. The higher benefit cost ratio, land use efficiency, production efficiency and sustainable yield index indicated the superiority of the improved pattern over the farmers’ practices.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 93-100, June 2015

Transforming Malta Orchard into Agroforestry System with Different Crops for Improving Productivity, Profitability and Land Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
AK Das ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
SR Saha ◽  
NS Sarmin ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Sole Cropping

Sustainable agricultural practices like agroforestry systems are being advocated to overcome various problems of farming. A young malta (Citrus sinensis) orchard (3 years old) was transformed into a fruit tree-based agroforestry system in which the performances of summer (okra and Indian spinach) and autumn (mungbean and kangkong) crops and year-round spices (ginger and turmeric) were evaluated following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication each and eventually compared between agroforestry systems and respective sole cropping (control) from March 2018 to February 2019 at BSMRAU field. The experimental results revealed that the yields of the associated crops deprived when grown at the closest row position from the bed of malta tree and spices. Yields of okra, Indian spinach, mungbean, kangkong, turmeric and ginger were reduced by 7.57, 6.52, 14.86, 13.26, 9.70 and 16.23%, respectively under agroforestry system as compared to control. However, malta yield was increased by 5.35% in agroforestry system than control trees. The findings also indicated that the crops in agroforestry system was less hindered by the shade effect of malta trees due to less dense canopy of young malta trees. In comparison to sole cropping system, the higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (2.93) and land equivalent ratio (LER) (2.83) were obtained in the studied agroforestry system that explicated higher system productivity and land uses. Notable improvement of total nitrogen and organic matter were obtained in the soil under agroforestry system. Therefore, malta-based agroforestry system can be a promising alternative to provide higher economic benefits, boosting food and nutritional security, improving soil nutrient status and utilization of land. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 113-125

scholarly journals Effect of row arrangement of common bean with maize intercropping on yield and economic benefit of component crops under Gimbo and Guraferda, Kaffa and Bench Maji zones, South Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M Mogiso ◽  
N Nazib
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The yield advantage obtained due to intercropping is attributed to a better use of resources by crops grown in combinations, as compared to sole stands. Field experiment conducted at Gimbo and Guraferda during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons in order to determine the appropriate intercropping row arrangement on maize-common bean yield and economic advantages of the cropping system. Maize variety BH-540 and common bean variety Hawassa dume were used as test crop. The experiment used four treatments (sole maize, sole common bean, 1:1 maizecommon bean and 1:2 maize-common bean intercropping) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield of the component crops were significantly varied by locations. The highest maize yield was recorded at Guraferda than Gimbo; whereas, common bean yielded better at Guraferda than at Gimbo. The combined mean grain yield of maize and common bean was significantly (p<0.05) higher for sole stands than intercropping. The highest yield of 6545.7 and 5570.6 kg ha-1 was obtained from sole maize at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. On the other hand, the highest yield of 3407.2 and 2638.0 kg ha-1 was obtained from growing sole common bean at Gimbo and Guraferda locations, respectively. The yield obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping was statistically same with sole maize yield at Guraferda. The highest LER of 1.62 and 1.52 with MAI of 15,268.05 and 13.695.90 ETB ha-1 obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. Generally, growing 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping found to be more productive and economically profitable than others. Hence, a one row common bean intercropped between the two rows of maize can be recommended in the lowlands of Gimbo and Guraferda areas. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 22-27, June 2020

Genetic variances, heritabilities and genetic correlations of grain yield, harvest index and yield components for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in sole crop and in maize/bean intercrop

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Atuahene-Amankwa ◽  
T. E. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Sole Cropping

Breeding of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) is usually done in bean sole crop nurseries. However, bean cultivar evaluations have identified significant cultivar × cropping system interactions. The objective of this study was to determine whether intercrop and sole cropping systems have different effects on phenotypic and genetic variance components of bean populations. Unselected F2 and F3 populations of 16 crosses of common bean were evaluated in the two cropping systems at Elora and Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, in 1993 and 1994. Significant population × cropping system interaction was found for grain yield and pods per plant. Genetic correlations between cropping systems were lowest for grain yield and pods per plant and highest for seed weight and seeds per pod. There were few differences between cropping systems for genetic variances. Genotype × location variance was higher in intercrop than in sole crop. Broad-sense heritabilities and narrow-sense heritabilities for most traits were comparable between cropping systems. The exception was pods per plant, which showed greater heritability in sole crop. Realized heritability of grain yield was greater in intercrop. We conclude that single plant selection as done with the pedigree system of breeding should be effective in intercrop. Key words: Genetic variances, heritability, intercrop, Phaseolus vulgaris

scholarly journals Mixed Cropping System on Diversity and Density of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Kingsley Osei ◽  
Haruna Braimah ◽  
Umar Sanda Issa ◽  
Yaw Danso
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Sole Cropping

<p>The potential of mixed cropping system on the diversity and suppression of nematodes was investigated at two locations in Ghana. The treatments in the study were; sole plantain, sole cassava and plantain+cassava systems replicated five and four times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Kwadaso in the Ashanti and Assin Foso in the Central region of Ghana respectively. Growth parameters (height and girth) and components of yield (No. of suckers/plant, bunch weight/plant, No. of hands/plant, No. of fingers/plant) were studied on plantain in addition to No. of weevils per plant. On cassava, total biomass, tuber number and tuber weight (yield) were analyzed using GenStat software and means were separated with Fisher’s least significance test at a = 0.05. There were no differences in height and girth of plantain at Assin Foso. However, plant height was 25% and girth 13% more under sole plantain system over the mixed cropping system at Kwadaso. The sole plantain system recorded 60% and 75% more suckers than the Plantain-Cassava system at both locations. Mixed and sole cropping systems did not influence the diversity of nematode community but significant differences were observed in the density of the nematode taxa encountered under the two systems. Throughout the investigation at both locations, it was observed that the mixed cropping system recorded significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower nematode population densities in comparison to sole cropping system. It is therefore true that an agro-ecological strategy for pests and diseases control is the growing of a mixture of crops differing in their susceptibility to pests and pathogens</p>

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical evaluation of varagu with blackgram intercropping competition and yield advantage

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
K. Ananthi ◽  
P. Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact

Intercropping increases in productivity per unit of land via better utilisation of resources, minimises the risks, reduces weed competition and stabilizes the yield. Many intercropping systems have proved to be better than sole crops in terms of yield because intercropping makes better use of one or more agricultural resources both in time and in space. The beneficial effect of pulse crops is improving soil health in the form of biological nitrogen fixation, leaf fall, addition of considerable amount of organic matter through root biomass, improving microbial biomass and they keep soil productive and alive by bringing qualitative changes in physical, chemical and biological properties and sustaining productivity. The principal advantage of intercropping system is the more efficient utilization of soil, water, nutrient and increased productivity compared with each sole crop under rainfed and irrigated ecosystem. Choice of ecologically sound crops as millets and adoption of intercropping systems are two of suitable options for maximization of productivity in drylands cropping system due to the reason that competition of plant could be minimized not only by spatial arrangement, but also by combining those crops which have best able to exploit soil nutrients. A field study was scheduled to estimate the impact of intercropping varagu with greengram and blackgram cropping system under rain-fed situation onleaf area, leaf area index, specific leaf weight, crop growth rate, chlorophyll content, no. of tillers per plant and grain yield at Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Tiruvannamalai. It was done in Kharif, 2018 and 2019. Randomized Block Design was used to conduct this experiment. It has three replications. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare varagu with blackgram and greengram inter cropping effects, as well as reveal which intercrops better adopts to rainfed cropping systems using these parameters to improve water use efficiency in the production. Highest returns were obtained from Sole Varagu with blackgram (1:1) due to greater productivity under this treatment with comparable cost of cultivation.

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