scholarly journals Weed Control in Maize-Cowpea Intercropping System Related to Environmental Resources Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Kamyar KAZEMI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Environmental Resource ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Replacement Design

A field experiment was carried out in Ramhormoz, Iran during the 2008-2009 growing season to investigate the effects of different planting pattern of intercropping on environmental resource consumption and weed biomass. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included maize sole crop (M), cow pea sole crop (C), within row intercropping (I1), row intercropping (I2) and mix cropping (I3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one maize replaced by three cow pea plants). The results showed that environmental resource consumption was significantly (P?0.05) affected by cropping system, where PAR interception, moisture and nutrients uptake were higher in intercropping systems compared to sole crop systems. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops and it was related to lower availability of environmental resources for weeds in intercropping systems.

scholarly journals Synthetic Mulches in Organic Hardneck Garlic (Allium sativum subsp. ophioscorodon) Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Carr ◽  
Kate A Congreves
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Certified Organic

The demand for certified organic garlic (Allium sativum) in Canada is increasing; however, garlic can be challenging to produce organically, as it does not compete well with weeds, requires relatively fertile soils, and is grown in a biennial cropping system. Synthetic mulches have been adopted in organic production as they can be an economical method to improve vegetable production by reducing weed pressure and modifying soil conditions. We hypothesize that garlic quality and overall yield will be improved when using synthetic mulches. In 2017-18, we conducted a randomized complete block design experiment to compare garlic production of black plastic, white plastic, and Kraft paper mulch treatments to a control with no mulch at a certified organic farm in Krestova, British Columbia. We evaluated garlic characteristics associated with yield and quality, changes in soil nutrition, and weed control of the mulch treatments. We found that plastic mulches had the best weed control, and all synthetic mulches increased minimum and maximum bulb diameter, clove count, and yield compared to the control. Mulching materials did not influence soil nitrate concentrations. The results support the hypothesis that synthetic mulches increase the quality and yield of the garlic compared to the control. Our findings suggest that synthetic mulching may be a key component of improving garlic production systems.

Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as Succeeding Crop to Residual Effect of Extreme Levels of Atrazine Administered in Preceding Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagwasi ◽  
C.R. Chinnamuthu ◽  
P. Murali Arthanari ◽  
P. Malarvizhi ◽  
C.N. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Globally, grain legumes are the paramount family of agricultural crops following cereals. Generally, sequence cropping has manifested effectual in increasing farm productivity and profitability. However, sometimes herbicides administered in previous crop may be associated with phytotoxic effects that can later cause damage to the succeeding crops. The present study aimed to understand the residual effect of extreme levels of atrazine on succeeding cowpea under maize-cowpea cropping system. Methods: Field experiments were conducted during Kharif and rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 in a randomized block design with eleven treatments, replicated thrice. Result: Residual effect of pre-emergence atrazine at 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by tembotrione at 120g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence at 25 DAS recorded the lowest total weed density (4.41), total weed dry weight (9.81 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.25%) during rabi 2019-20 while during rabi 2020-21 lowest total weed density (5.03), total weed dry weight (10.68 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.65%) were noticed in pre-emergence atrazine 50% WP at 2.00 kg a.i. ha-1. Highest seed yield (788.67 and 842.33 kg ha-1) was obtained in weed free treatment.

scholarly journals Environmental Resource Consumption in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bean (Vicia faba) Intercropping: Comparison of Nutrient Uptake and Light Interception

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Ahmad GHANBARI
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Complementarity Effect ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and bean (Vicia faba L.) sole crops and their mixture in three planting pattern (M1: alternate-row intercrop, M2: within-row intercrop, M3: mixed intercrop) were used to investigate the amount of resource consumption in terms of PAR interception and nutrient uptake. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that intercropping systems had a significant effect on environmental resources consumption, where intercropping systems had more nutrient uptake and light interception compared to sole crops, suggesting the complementarity effect of intercropping components in resources consumption. The ability of wheat and bean was different in intercropping systems in absorbing nutrients because of their differences in root morphology and cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of different Planting Pattern of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bean (Vicia faba) on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Weed Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Ahmad GHANBARI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants

An experiment was conducted in University of London, Kent, UK during the year 2003. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting pattern on performance of wheat and bean intercrops. A complete randomized block design with four replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included wheat sole crop (W), Bean sole crop (B), within row intercropping (M1), row intercropping (M2) and mix cropping (M3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one wheat replaced by three bean plants). The results showed that total dry matter achieved by intercrops was significantly higher than those achieved by either wheat or bean sole crop. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops, especially bean sole crop. Crops performance in terms dry weight, height and percentage of leaf, stem pod and ear was affected by cropping systems depending on crop species, where wheat showed more changes compared to bean . Grain yield, harvest index and thousand grain weights of wheat were decreased in intercropping while bean had reduction only in grain yield.

Effects of intercropping tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) at different times with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) or okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on crop damage by major insect pests

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLUFEMI O. R. PITAN ◽  
G. O. OLATUNDE
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Pod Sucking Bugs

Two 2-year field trials were conducted in Nigeria to investigate the effectiveness of tomato intercropped at different times with cowpea or okra in controlling the field densities of cowpea pod-sucking bugs and okra flea beetles. The two experiments were arranged as split-plots within a randomized complete block design. The main plots were 4-week-old tomato seedlings transplanted into a field, with cowpea or okra intercropped at 0, 2 or 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes, while the two sub-plots were cowpea or okra sole crop and tomato/cowpea or tomato/okra intercrop. The densities of the pod-sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Riptortus dentipes, Anoplocnemis curvipes and Nezara viridula were significantly lower (P<0·05) on cowpea intercropped at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than those obtained in the sole crop. Similarly, cowpea seed damage was significantly lower (P<0·05) on cowpea planted at 2 and 4 weeks after transplanting tomatoes than in the monocrop and when cowpea and tomato were planted simultaneously. Cowpea yields were influenced by both time of intercropping and cropping system; in the intercrop, the highest yield was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes. In the tomato/okra intercrop, the numbers of flea beetles (Podagrica spp.) were significantly influenced (P<0·05) by cropping system alone; their density was significantly lower (P<0·05) in the intercrop than in the sole crop irrespective of time of intercropping. Similarly, damage was significantly higher (P<0·05) in the sole crop than in the intercrop while yield comparable to that of the monocrop was obtained at 2 WAT. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) for cowpea (1·8 and 1·6) or okra (0·7 and 0·8) was obtained at 2 weeks after transplanting tomatoes in both years. Two weeks after tomato establishment appeared to be the best time to introduce either cowpea or okra into the cropping system.

scholarly journals Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257203
Author(s):  
Yayeh Bitew ◽  
Bitwoded Derebe ◽  
Abebe Worku ◽  
Gobezie Chakelie
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
Sole Cropping

An experiment on maize (Zea mays)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping was conducted for two years (2014 and 2016) at two locations in North western Ethiopia with the objective of determining the spatial arrangement and planting date of common bean. Common bean intercropped with maize at three planting dates (simultaneously with maize, at emergence and knee height of maize) in two spatial arrangements (alternate and paired arrangements).The experimental design was factotrial randomized complete block design with three replications. Sole maize and common bean were included as a check. Results revealed that the spatial and temporal differentiation significantly affect only the agronomic attributes of common bean in common bean-maize intercropping. At Adet the grain yield of common bean (1.9 t ha-1), LER (1.99) and MAI (357) in maize-common bean intercropping was higher when common bean was planted at the same time with maize in paired planting pattern. On the other hand, maximum LER (1.61) and MAI (2.83) at Finoteselam were observed when common bean was intercropped with maize at maize emergence in paired planting pattern. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize gave more stable total land output yield as compared to other intercropping systems but showed high variability as compared to the sole cropping. Thus, it can be concluded that planting common bean simultaneously with maize in paired planting pattern at Adet and planting common bean at maize emergence at Finoteselam in maize-common bean intercropping gave maximum land use efficiency and profitability of the cropping system without reducing the main crop yield (maize).This research also suggested further research on the compatibility of various maize and common bean varieties in different spatial and temporal differentiation.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

Effect of FYM and Fertilizers Nutrition on Production Potential, Nutrients Uptake and Soil Properties under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2001-2005 in regular crop sequence at Crop Research Station, Nawabganj, CSA University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur in order to find out the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and NPK levels in rice-wheat cropping system. One level of FYM (10 t ha-1) and one level of N (120 kg ha-1),three levels of P (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1), four levels of K (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) were tested. The grain yield of rice and wheat crops were increased at levels of FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (120, 60, 60 kg h a-1). The application of FYM with 120 kg N, 60 kg P O and 60 kg K O ha-1 gave significantly highest yield of rice and wheat crops. The 2 5 2 application of NPK fertilizers with FYM were found increased in their uptake. The application of NPK fertilizers with FYM was found improvements in physio-chemical properties of soil like soil ph, organic carbon and available NPK.

scholarly journals Spring-planted cover crops for weed control in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katja Koehler-Cole ◽  
Christopher A. Proctor ◽  
Roger W. Elmore ◽  
David A. Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Small Grains

Abstract Replacing tillage with cover crops (CC) for weed management in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems with mechanical weed control has many soil health benefits but in the western Corn Belt, CC establishment after harvest is hampered by cold temperatures, limited labor and few compatible CC species. Spring-planted CC may be an alternative, but information is lacking on suitable CC species. Our objective was to evaluate four spring-planted CC with respect to biomass production and weed suppression, concurrent with CC growth and post-termination. Cover crop species tested were oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] and yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench). They were compared to no-CC treatments that were either tilled pre- and post-planting of soybean (no-CC tilled) or not tilled at all (no-CC weedy). CC were planted in late March to early April, terminated 52–59 days later using an undercutter, and soybean was planted within a week. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications and was repeated for 3 years. Mustards and small grains produced similar amounts of biomass (1.54 Mg ha−1) but mustard biomass production was more consistent (0.85–2.72 Mg ha−1) than that of the small grains (0.35–3.81 Mg ha−1). Relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, mustards suppressed concurrent weed biomass in two out of 3 years, by 31–97%, and small grains suppressed concurrent weed biomass in only 1 year, by 98%. Six weeks after soybean planting, small grains suppressed weed biomass in one out of 3 years, by 79% relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, but mustards did not provide significant weed suppression. The no-CC tilled treatment suppressed weeds each year relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, on average 87%. The ineffective weed control by CC reduced soybean biomass by about 50% six weeks after planting. While spring-planted CC have the potential for pre-plant weed control, they do not provide adequate early season weed suppression for soybean.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

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