scholarly journals A way to break bones? The weight of intuitiveness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259136
Author(s):  
Delphine Vettese ◽  
Trajanka Stavrova ◽  
Antony Borel ◽  
Juan Marín ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
System Method ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recurrent Patterns

During the Paleolithic period, bone marrow extraction was an essential source of fat nutrients for hunter-gatherers especially throughout cold and dry seasons. This is attested by the recurrent findings of percussion marks in osteological material from anthropized archaeological levels. Among them some showed indicators that the marrow extraction process was part of a butchery cultural practice, meaning that the inflicted fracturing gestures and techniques were recurrent, standardized and counter-intuitive. In order to assess the weight of the counter-intuitive factor in the percussion mark pattern distribution, we carried out an experiment that by contrast focuses on the intuitive approach of fracturing bones to extract marrow, involving individual without experience in this activity. We wanted to evaluate the influence of bone morphology and the individuals’ behaviour on the distribution of percussion marks. Twelve experimenters broke 120 limb bones, a series of 10 bones per individual. During the experiment, information concerning the fracture of the bones as well as individual behaviour was collected and was subsequently compared to data from the laboratory study of the remains. Then, we applied an innovative GIS (Geographic Information System) method to analyze the distribution of percussion marks to highlight recurrent patterns. Results show that in spite of all the variables there is a high similarity in the distribution of percussion marks which we consider as intuitive patterns. The factor influenced the distribution for the humerus, radius-ulna and tibia series is the bone morphology, while for the femur series individual behaviour seems to have more weight in the distribution. To go further in the subject we need to compare the intuitive models with the distributions of percussion marks registered in fossil assemblages. Thus, it would be possible to propose new hypotheses on butchering practices based on the results presented in this work.

scholarly journals A way to break bones? The weight of intuitiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Vettese ◽  
Stavrova Trajanka ◽  
Antony Borel ◽  
Juan Marin ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
System Method ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Culturally Influenced ◽  
Recurrent Patterns

During the Middle Paleolithic period, bone marrow extraction was an essential source of fat nutrients for hunter-gatherers especially throughout cold and dry seasons. This is attested by the recurrent findings of percussion marks in osteological material from anthropized archaeological levels. Among them some showed indicators that the marrow extraction process was part of a butchery cultural practice, meaning that the inflicted fracturing gestures and techniques were recurrent, standardized and counter-intuitive i.e. culturally influenced. In order to assess the weight of the counter-intuitive factor in the percussion mark pattern distribution, we carried out an experiment that by contrast focuses on the intuitive approach of fracturing bones to extract marrow, involving individual without experience in this activity. We wanted to evaluate the influence of bone morphology and the individuals’ behaviour on the distribution of percussion marks. Twelve experimenters broke120 limb bones, a series of 10 bones per individual. During the experiment, information concerning the fracture of the bones as well as individual behaviour was collected and was subsequently compared to data from the laboratory study of the remains. Then, we applied an innovative GIS (Geographic Information System) method to analyze the distribution of percussion marks to highlight recurrent patterns. Results show that in spite of all the variables there is a high similarity in the distribution of percussion marks which we consider as intuitive patterns. The factor influenced the distribution for the humerus, radius-ulna and tibia series is the bone morphology, while for the femur series individual behaviour seems to have more weight in the distribution. To go further in the subject we need to compare the intuitive models with the distributions of percussion marks registered in fossil assemblages. Thus, it would be possible to propose new hypotheses on butchering practices based on the results presented in this work.

scholarly journals A way to break bones? The weight of intuitiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vettese ◽  
T. Stavrova ◽  
A. Borel ◽  
J. Marin ◽  
M.-H. Moncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
System Method ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Culturally Influenced ◽  
Recurrent Patterns

AbstractDuring the Middle Paleolithic period, bone marrow extraction was an essential source of fat nutrients for hunter-gatherers especially throughout cold and dry seasons. This is attested by the recurrent findings of percussion marks in osteological material from anthropized archaeological levels. Among them some showed indicators that the marrow extraction process was part of a butchery cultural practice, meaning that the inflicted fracturing gestures and techniques were recurrent, standardized and counter-intuitive i.e. culturally influenced. In order to assess the weight of the counter-intuitive factor in the percussion mark pattern distribution, we carried out an experiment that by contrast focuses on the intuitive approach of fracturing bones to extract marrow, involving individual without experience in this activity.We wanted to evaluate the influence of bone morphology and the individuals’ behaviour on the distribution of percussion marks. Twelve experimenters broke 120 limb bones, a series of 10 bones per individual. During the experiment, information concerning the fracture of the bones as well as individual behaviour was collected and was subsequently compared to data from the laboratory study of the remains. Then, we applied an innovative GIS (Geographic Information System) method to analyze the distribution of percussion marks to highlight recurrent patterns. Results show that in spite of all the variables there is a high similarity in the distribution of percussion marks which we consider as intuitive patterns. The factor influenced the distribution for the humerus, radius-ulna and tibia series is the bone morphology, while for the femur series individual behaviour seems to have more weight in the distribution. To go further in the subject we need to compare the intuitive models with the distributions of percussion marks registered in fossil assemblages. Thus, it would be possible to propose new hypotheses on butchering practices based on the results presented in this work.

Concept of Standard System Based on China Current Nuclear Power Construction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuelan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Power Construction ◽  
Nuclear Power Development ◽  
System Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power Standard

Since introduce different technical routes, during decades of nuclear power development in our country, the French RCC series standards, American ASME standards and Russian standards are adopted, which led to the current various standards exist in their own way. To promote the building of nuclear power standards system in China, in the year of 2012, important research subject “the research on the standard system of advanced nuclear power in China” has been carried out and subject “nuclear power construction and commissioning” is one of it.. By digestion and absorption of four oversea AP1000 units of Sanmen nuclear power plant in Zhejiang province and Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong province, the building of standard system during nuclear power construction suitable to our national condition is studied, including the system frame and composition standards, building standard system method during construction, namely through research and example to present what kind of standard system is suitable for China standard system during construction, and what kind of method or design is used to obtain and maintain such system. The thesis is to promote the subject research methods based on examples to build China’s nuclear power standard system.

scholarly journals Development of ethno-environmental culture among future teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Inessa Yurievna Arestova ◽  
Marina Yurevna Kupriyanova ◽  
Evgeniya Gennadevna Sharonova
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Theoretical Overview

The article offers a brief analysis of implementation of ethno-environmental component in academic subjects included in basic academic program "teachers’ training" with two training profiles "Biology and Chemistry" and "Biology and Geography". The subject matter of the article is the curriculum and extracurricular activities that are relative to ethnocultural features. The article is a theoretical overview of Russian and foreign literature on the considered topic. The analysis of the curriculum and extracurricular activities was carried out with the sue of applied examination method. It is concluded that ethno-environmental education of future biology, chemistry and geography teachers is facilitated with a range of conditions developed in the Faculty of Science Education, which include: disciplines of subject-methodical unit aimed on development of environmental thinking, based on ethno-cultural experience of Chuvash; curricular and extracurricular activities aimed on activation of their ecological and ethno-cultural practice. The main forms of upbringing the ethno-environmental culture of future teachers are as follows: master classes in ethno-environmental research; round tables devoted to ethnocultural information about toponyms; ethno-environmental seminars on the problems of protected areas of Chuvashia, etc.

The Oxford Handbook of American Folklore and Folklife Studies

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
National Boundaries

This handbook surveys the materials, approaches, and contexts of American folklore and folklife studies to guide folklorists and students/scholars of American culture, history, and society through more than 350 years of work in the subject. To cover the contextual and behavioral aspects as well as textual materials of American folklore and folklife studies, the handbook contains forty-three chapters under four major headings of (1) background, theory, and practice; (2) genres, processes, and practitioners; (3) settings, contexts, and institutions; and (4) groups, networks, and communities. In addition to long-standing areas of cultural study such as folktales and speech, the handbook includes areas that have emerged in the twenty-first century such as the Internet, poetry slams, sexual orientations and practices, neurodiverse identities (e.g., Aspies), disability groups (e.g., deaf), and bodylore. The result is a reference work that serves as both a survey of folklore and folklife studies as they have been practiced and a guide to their future. Shaping these studies has been the cultural diversity and changing national boundaries of the United States, relative youth of the nation and its legacy of mass immigration, mobility of residents and their relation to an indigenous and racialized population, and a varied landscape and settlement pattern. The handbook is a reference, therefore, to American studies as well as the global study of tradition, folk arts, and cultural practice.

Historiography

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-95
Author(s):  
Brahma Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Performance Tradition ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Folk Performance ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Theatre Historiography

The historiography of ‘folk performance’ discusses the existing studies on the subject from the colonial period to the present and points out the discrepancies leading to methodological problems. Scholars have discussed the politics of cultural practice in the context of the colonial and nationalist politics, neo-colonial state’s cultural policies, and in the context of bourgeois morality and sexual politics. These criticisms have exposed the inherent class and gender biases of the colonialists, the nationalist and the middle class that lead to the disavowal of such performances. Nevertheless, these criticisms have remained primarily confined to the level of theatre historiography and counter-discourses. The work is an attempt to go beyond theatre the historiography and counter-discourse modes. It aims to take account of the mode of articulation coming from the alternative sources. Broadly, it discusses the legacies of marginalization that have become part of this performance tradition.

scholarly journals V. On the modifications of the spectrum of potassium which are effected by the presence of phosphoric acid, and on the inorganic bases and salts which are found in combination with educts of the brain

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Metaphosphoric Acid ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

Among the results of a large investigation on which I have for many years been engaged in regard of the chemistry of the brain, I had been led to conclude that the so-called “ protagon” of Oscar Liebreich is not a definite chemical body, but is a variable mixture of several bodies. This conclusion of mine (which agrees with opinions expressed on the same subject by Strecker, Diaconow, and HoppeSeyler) was published by me in 1874, and endeavours to controvert it have since then been made, on several occasions, by Dr. Arthur Gamgee. Last summer, he brought before the Royal Society his contentions for the chemical individuality of “protagon”; and it fortunately was in my power shortly afterwards to publish evidence, which, I believe, those who will take the trouble to follow it will find quite unanswerable, that Dr. Gamgee’s contentions were mistaken.§ Part of my evidence to that effect consisted in showing by quantitative analyses that Dr. Gamgee’s so-called “ protagon” contains 0·7 per cent, of potassium; secondly, that in connexion with trifling differences in the extraction process, the proportion of potassium in different specimens of “protagon” can be made to range from a trace to 1·6 per cent.; thirdly, that with the variable quantities of potassium the quantities of phosphorus and other ingredients will also vary. In the last published number, No. 200, p. 111, of the “Proceedings of the Royal Society,” I find that Dr. Gamgee has recently brought the question again under notice of the Society, and that, in doing so, he especially rests his case upon the following statement made by his colleague, Professor Roscoe, on the subject of some examinations, which, at Dr. Gamgee’s request, he had made for him: see “ Proceedings,” vol. xxx, p. 113:—“I have examined spectroscopically for potash a sample of protagon furnished me by Dr. Gamgee, and labelled ‘Protagon, twice recrystallised, Blankenhom.’ I could not detect any potash by the spectroscope in the incinerated mass from 0·1 grm. of substance. With the carbonised mass obtained from 1·0 grm. of substance I obtained the potasssium line ( α ) very faintly, and from comparative experiments with a dilute solution of a potassium salt I estimate the quantity of potash in 1 grm. of the substance Lot to exceed 1/20 mgrm. The carbonised residue of 1 grm. of protagon was carefully oxidised with pure nitric acid, when a small quantity of fused metaphosphoric acid remained after ignition. The residue weighed 0·0278 grm., corresponding to 1·08 per cent, of phosphorus.— (Signed) H. E. Roscoe.”

Innovation, Literature, Ethics: Relating to the Other

PMLA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Ethical Obligation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philosophical Account ◽  
The Subject

Innovation in cultural practice is both an act and an event whereby the other is brought into and comes into being. I call the private aspect of this process creation and the public aspect, by which innovation gives rise to further innovation, invention. A related phenomenon is the responsible encounter with the human other; in both, the subject's modes of understanding undergo change as the subject registers and affirms the singularity of the other. A further domain to which this account applies is reading, another act-event in which a responsible response entails an innovative affirmation of innovation. Responding to the literary work involves performing its verbal forms. The responsibility invoked in all these instances is responsibility for rather than to, since the other is brought into existence (and transformed from other to same) by the subject's response. The ethical obligation implied here is, as Levinas argues, prior to any philosophical account we could give of it.

scholarly journals HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bilovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Psychology Today ◽  
System Method ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Computer Text

In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.

scholarly journals Музейное волонтерство в структуре добровольчества в сфере культуры

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Julia V. Zinovjeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Heritage

The concept of «museum volunteer» appeared in our country in recent decades and needs to be understood in the context of general trends in the increased attention of the state and society to volunteering, manifested in lawmaking, creation of support programs and trend towards institutionalization and professionalization. The semantic field of cultural practice and scientific research has also been enriched with the concepts of «volunteers for preservation of the objects of cultural and historical heritage», which have not become the subject of a separate study yet but reflected the ongoing processes of meaningful filling of diverse voluntary activities in the cultural sphere. In the rapidly changing world of our time, the phenomenon of volunteering in the field of culture is subject to dynamic changes, however, as a phenomenon socially approved and supported by the state and society, it becomes a platform for social unification and interaction, for development of personality and culture.

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