scholarly journals Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259507
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury ◽  
Mirajul Islam ◽  
Jakia Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Taj Uddin ◽  
Md Rabiul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Introduction Bangladesh is one of the countries where the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension is rising due to rising living standards, sedentary lifestyles, and epidemiological transition. Among the NCDs, hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, accounting for half of all coronary heart disease worldwide. However, detailed research in this area has been limited in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to estimate changes in the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Bangladeshi adult population. The study also sought to identify socioeconomic status-related inequality of hypertension prevalence in Bangladesh. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using nationally representative two waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2011 and 2017–18. Survey participants were adults 18 years or older- which included detailed biomarker and anthropometric measurements of 23539 participants. The change in prevalence of hypertension was estimated, and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multivariable survey logistic regression models. Further, Wagstaff decomposition method was also used to analyze the relative contributions of factors to hypertension. Results From 2011 to 2018, the hypertension prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 25.84% to 39.40% (p<0.001), with the largest relative increase (97%) among obese individuals. The prevalence among women remained higher than men whereas the relative increase among men and women were 75% and 39%, respectively. Regression analysis identified age and BMI as the independent risk factors of hypertension. Other risk factors of hypertension were sex, marital status, education, geographic region, wealth index, and diabetes status in both survey years. Female adults had significantly higher hypertension risk in both survey years in the overall analysis in, however, in the subgroup analysis, the gender difference in hypertension risk was not significant in rural 2011 and urban 2018 samples. Decomposition analysis revealed that the contributions of socio-economic status related inequality of hypertension in 2011 were46.58% and 20.85% for wealth index and BMI, respectively. However, the contributions of wealth index and BMI have shifted to 12.60% and 55.29%, respectively in 2018. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults has increased significantly, and there is no subgroup where it is decreasing. Population-level approaches directed at high-risk groups (overweight, obese) should be implemented thoroughly. We underscore prevention strategies by following strong collaboration with stakeholders in the health system of the country to adopt healthy lifestyle choices.

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury ◽  
Mirajul Islam ◽  
Jakia Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Taj Uddin ◽  
Md Rabiul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective To examine the change in hypertension prevalence and risk factors among adults in Bangladesh. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using nationally representative two waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2011 and 2018. Survey participants were adults 18 years or older- which included detailed biomarker and anthropometric measurements of 23539 study participants. The change in prevalence of hypertension was estimated, and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multivariable logistic regression models. Findings From 2011 to 2018, the hypertension prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 25.84% to 39.40% (p<0.001), with the largest relative increase (97%) among obese individuals. The prevalence of hypertension among women remained higher than men whereas the relative increase among men and women were 75% and 39%, respectively. Regression analysis identified age and BMI as the independent risk factors of hypertension. Other risk factors of hypertension were sex, marital status, education, geographic region, wealth index, and diabetes status in both survey years. Female adults experienced significantly higher hypertension risk in the overall analysis in both survey years, however, in the subgroup analysis gender difference in hypertension risk was not significant in rural 2011 and urban 2018 samples. Conclusion A substantial increase was observed in prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults and there is no subgroup in which it is decreasing. Population-level approaches directed at adults with hypertension are needed to improve risk factors to prevent hypertension.

scholarly journals Rationale and methodology for a population-based study of diabetes and common eye diseases in a rural area in Bangladesh: Bangladesh Population based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Chakrabarti ◽  
Robert P Finger ◽  
Ecosse Lamoureux ◽  
M Tauhidul Islam ◽  
Mohamed Dirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The purpose of this study were (i) to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) and impact of socioeconomic factors upon the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes (ii) compute a diabetes risk score and (iii) estimate the undiagnosed prevalence of hypertension amongst a large adult population in rural Bangladesh. Methods/design: A sample of 3104 adults aged ?30 years were interviewed from a cluster sample of 18 villages in the Banshgram Union of the Narail District, Bangladesh. Each participant was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire that assessed participant knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding diabetes, its risk factors, complications and management. Data on demographic details, education, socioeconomic status, medical history, dietary and lifestyle behavior was obtained. Fasting capillary glucose, blood pressure, presenting vision and anthropometric parameters were measured. Participants were stratified into those without diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes (known and newly diagnosed). The association of KAP components and other risk factors with diabetes status was assessed. Logistic regression analysis allowed for the development of a non-invasive risk-stratification tool to be developed and implemented for the rural Bangladeshi community. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to report the associations of risk factors with the severity of hypertension. Results and discussion: In Banshgram, over 95% people had not undergone any previous diabetes screening. Baseline demographics estimated the prevalence of diabetes in the sample was 3.2% (n=99). 47% of participants had no formal education. Whilst there is literature on the prevalence of diabetes in urban and semi-urban Bangladesh there is a paucity of evidence examining the impact of KAP of diabetes amongst the general community. We believe that the BPDES has developed a methodology to provide new evidence to guide health policy and targeted population-based interventions in these rural areas.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.367-375

scholarly journals Patterns of Raised Blood Pressure in Vietnam: Findings from the WHO STEPS Survey 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Van Minh Hoang ◽  
Quoc Bao Tran ◽  
Thi Hoang Lan Vu ◽  
Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Bao Giang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Blood Pressure Data ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Control

This study aims to describe the prevalence of raised blood pressure and the situation of management for raised blood pressure among the adult population in Vietnam. It also aims to examine the association between diversified socioeconomic and behavioral factors of raised blood pressure and awareness of raised blood pressure. Data were obtained from the STEPS survey conducted in Vietnam in 2015. Survey sample was nationally representative with a total of 3,856 people aged 18–69 years old. The study outcomes included raised blood pressure and awareness of and control of raised blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of socioeconomic and behavior risk factors with the outcome variables. The overall prevalence of raised blood pressure in Vietnam in 2015 was 18.9% (95% CI: 17.4%–20.6%). The prevalence of raised blood pressure was higher among men. Significantly correlated factors with raised blood pressure were age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes status. Levels of awareness of raised blood pressure were higher among the older age group and overweight people and lower among ethnic minority groups. Raised blood pressure in Vietnam is a serious problem due to its magnitude and the unacceptably high unawareness rate in the population. Public health actions dealing with the problems of raised blood pressure are urgent, while taking into account its relationship with sex and socioeconomic status. It is clear that the interventions should address all people in society, with a focus on disadvantaged groups which are the rural and ethnic minority peoples.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension among Adults and its Related Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Very High ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Background: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Various studies conducted in the world showed high prevalence of hypertension, which is in increasing trend in Nepal also. The aim of this study was to assess hypertension status and risk behaviours among adult population in Kirtipur Municipality. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 580 adults of age 20 - 59 from December 2015 to April 2016. Data was collected by observation method to determine hypertension prevalence and Body Mass Index. Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to the risk factors. Results: Among all hypertension prevalence was 37.0% (215 out of 580). The prevalence was 41.6% (110 out of 264) among male and 32.2% (105 out of 316) among female (P <0.03 at 95% CI). Among 215 hypertensives, 37.2% were not aware about themselves having hypertension. Within last 12 months, 453 (78.1%) participants had checked their blood pressure. Proportion of hypertension was increasing with higher BMI and advancing age. Among all, 136 (23.7%) were current smokers, and 58.1% among them had hypertension.Conclusions: This study indicated that hypertension prevalence was high among adults in Kirtipur municipality. Prevalence of smoking was also high, and among them hypertension prevalence was very high. About one-third participants with hypertension were not aware that they had hypertension. Habit of doing regular physical exercise was very low.

scholarly journals Association of health determinants and depressive symptoms with tooth loss in the Serbian adult population: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-997
Author(s):  
Dusan Cankovic ◽  
Milos Cankovic ◽  
Snezana Ukropina ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽  
Sonja Cankovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables

Background/Aim. Oral diseases appear to be the major risk factors for tooth loss, but social factors and other determinants could play an important role as well. The aim of this study was to determine whether the possible independent sociodemographic risk factors and depressive disorders could contribute to the tooth loss in the adult population of Serbia. Methods. This cross-sectional study analysed the 2013 National Health Survey results for the population of Serbia (without the data for Kosovo and Metohia population). The sample was selected to provide the statistically reliable estimates at the national level. Study included 13,519 adults of 20 years of age, or above. The mean age of participants was 49.9 years including 6,998 (51.8%) females and 6,518 (48.2%) males. The number of missing teeth was dependent variable while the independent variables were: gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, Wealth Index, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), milk and milk products intake, fruit intake excluding juices, vegetable and salad intake (excluding potato), and depression. To measure the current depression, the standardized and validated the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 score was used. Edentulism (complete or partial) was defined as a loss of natural teeth. In order to determine the predictors of tooth loss, the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented for all types of tooth loss. Results. The significant differences were observed among the categories of edentulism in relation to independent variables except vegetable and salad intake. The prevalence of all missing teeth was highest in the females, the respondents with a low level of education, inactive, underweight (BMI < 18.5) and respondents with moderately severe depressive episodes (PHQ-8 score 15 to 19). In the multivariate model, we found that the demographic factors (age, living with a partner), socioeconomic factors (primary and secondary education, Wealth Index), smoking, BMI, the PHQ-8 score and the depressive symptoms were significantly associated with partial tooth loss. Conclusion. Study demonstrated that sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as the symptoms of depresssion are also important factors related to the tooth loss. This study can help to advance the need for health programs focusing on education, smoking cessation, dietary habits as well as regular visits to the dentist.

scholarly journals Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro F. M. Rezende ◽  
Beatriz Thome ◽  
Mariana Cabral Schveitzer ◽  
Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza-Júnior ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS: We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. RESULTS: Adults at risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil varied from 34.0% (53 million) to 54.5% (86 million) nationwide. Less-educated adults present a 2-fold higher prevalence of risk factors compared to university graduated. We found no differences by sex and race/ethnicity. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul were the most vulnerable states in absolute and relative terms of adults at risk. CONCLUSIONS: Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. These findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited.

Abstract P443: Association of Peripheral Neuropathy With All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin W Hicks ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
B Gwen Windham ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in the general US adult population, especially in older adults even in the absence of diabetes. However, the clinical sequelae of PN have not been quantified in a nationally representative sample. We aimed to assess the associations of prevalent PN with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES). Methods: Prospective cohort analysis of 7,137 participants from NHANES (aged ≥40 yrs) who underwent standardized PN testing at baseline (1999-2004). We used survival analysis methods and Cox regression to evaluate the associations of PN with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Cox models were adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of PN was 17.7% (29.9% in adults with diabetes and 15.2% in adults without diabetes). In age-adjusted Kaplan-Meier analyses (median follow-up 13 yrs), the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was highest among adults with PN and diabetes, but PN was also associated with excess mortality risk in the absence of diabetes ( Figure ). After multivariable adjustment, PN remained significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with diabetes ( Figure) , although the association of PN with cardiovascular mortality was largely driven by participants with long-standing diabetes ≥10 yrs (HR 4.53, 95%CI 2.34-8.78). In participants without diabetes, PN was moderately associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after adjustment ( Figure ). Conclusions: PN was associated with mortality in the US population regardless of diabetes status, suggesting that screening for PN may be important for older adults both with and without diabetes. Adults with long-standing diabetes and PN were at a substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular-related mortality, potentially reflecting a higher burden of concomitant diabetic autonomic neuropathy in this high-risk population.

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