scholarly journals What can be learned from fishers’ perceptions for fishery management planning? Case study insights from Sainte-Marie, Madagascar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259792
Author(s):  
Thaïs A. Bernos ◽  
Clodio Travouck ◽  
Naly Ramasinoro ◽  
Dylan J. Fraser ◽  
Barbara Mathevon
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Individual

Local support is critical to the success and longevity of fishery management initiatives. Previous research suggests that how resource users perceive ecological changes, explain them, and cope with them, influences local support. The objectives of this study were two-fold. First, we collated local fishers’ knowledge to characterize the long-term socio-ecological dynamics of the small-scale fishery of Sainte-Marie Island, in Madagascar. Second, we empirically assessed the individual- and site-level factors influencing support for fishery restrictions. Our results indicate that fishers observed a decline in fish abundance and catch sizes, especially in nearshore areas; many also perceived a reduction in fish sizes and the local disappearance of species. To maintain their catches, most fishers adapted by fishing harder and further offshore. Accordingly, fishers identified increased fishing effort (number of fishers and gear evolution) as the main cause of fishery changes. Collectively, our results highlight that the transition from a subsistence to commercial fishery, and resulting changes in the relationship between people and the fisheries, was an underlying driver of fishery changes. Additionally, we found that gender, membership to local associations, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of ecological health, were all interlinked and significantly associated with conservation-oriented attitudes. Conservation-oriented attitudes, however, were not associated with fishers’ willingness to decrease fishing. In the short-term, area-based restrictions could contribute to building support for conservation. In the long-term, addressing the underlying causes of the decline will necessitate collaborations among the various groups involved to progressively build livelihood flexibility. Collectively, our study provides additional insights on the individual- and site-level factors influencing support for fishery restrictions. It also highlights the importance of dialoguing with fishers to ensure that fishery management plans are adapted to the local context.

Managing growth overfishing with multiannual compromise strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2255-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Mobile Target

Most of the Northeast Atlantic stocks are currently fished above the biological reference points (e.g., Fmax). In attempting to achieve such targets, advisers and managers have faced two main problems. First, it is impractical to (i) simultaneously maximize yields, stabilize fisheries, and safeguard stocks and (ii) optimize both short- and long-term outcomes for the industry. Second is the lack of predictability, several years ahead, in factors influencing decisions. This study addresses these twin issues by exploring the relative performances of various multiannual and compromise (or composite) management strategies. Multiannual fishing efforts are set in advance for a ``resolution'' period of several years, at the end of which they are updated. They are calculated to satisfy a prior weighted compromise amongst three criteria: (i) minimizing fishing effort variability, (ii) minimizing catch variability, and (iii) reaching a ``mobile target:'' the latter is defined with a second weighted compromise between the long-term target and the fishing effort at the beginning of the resolution period. A safe and optimal balance between all the short- and long-term fishery outcomes is found with a 5-year resolution period, during which the mobile target is split into 40-60% of the long-term target, and 60-40% of the fishing effort at the start of the resolution period, while criteria i, ii, and iii are weighted equally.

Wandering wetlands: spatial patterns of historical channel and floodplain change in the Ramsar-listed Macquarie Marshes, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Ralph ◽  
Paul P. Hesse ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Wetland Ecology ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Management Plans

In the context of static conservation reserves, dynamic fluvial processes and patterns of river channel and floodplain change are problematic for environmental management. Floodplain wetlands that evolve by erosion and sedimentation experience changes in the location and extent of channels and wetlands regardless of conservation reserve boundaries. We describe historical channel and floodplain change in an Australian wetland of international ecological significance, the southern Macquarie Marshes, and synthesise the role of avulsion in wetlands that move laterally on the broader floodplain. Avulsion has shifted the foci of flooding and areas of aquatic habitat in the system over the last century. By ~1925, active wetlands surrounding the Old Macquarie River and the original conservation area contracted around Monkeygar Creek within the present nature reserve, and the boundary of this reserve has changed little since the 1940s. Ecological changes associated with continued wetland desiccation in the reserve triggered a recent Ramsar Article 3.2 notification for the Macquarie Marshes, prompting management responses from government agencies. Fluvial morphodynamics and their impacts on wetland ecology should be specifically recognised and integrated with adaptive management plans to combine new findings with lessons learned from previous intervention strategies for the long-term ecological sustainability of floodplain wetlands.

Nursery grounds, movement patterns and growth rates of dusky sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus: a long-term tag and release study in South African waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel E. Hussey ◽  
Ian D. McCarthy ◽  
Sheldon F. J. Dudley ◽  
Bruce Q. Mann
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Carcharhinus Obscurus

Knowledge of movement patterns of sharks in coastal waters is critical for the structuring of regional management plans. Through a long-term tag–recapture program, 9716 dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) were tagged and released along the east coast of South Africa. A total of 648 C. obscurus, principally small sharks (<100 cm PCL), were recaptured. Most recaptures were within 100 km of the tagging location in the nursery habitat in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) with small scale movements occurring throughout the year. Forty-eight C. obscurus undertook movements >200 km that indicated a southerly migration between KZN and Eastern/Southern Cape (E/SC) between June and November. Seasonal northerly migrations were less well defined. The largest southerly and northerly movements were 1323 km and 1374 km, respectively. For sharks moving 1–100 km south from their tagging locality in KZN, an increase in displacement occurred between June and September identifying animals beginning their migration to the E/SC. With increasing displacement, there was also an increase in minimum swimming speed. Calculated growth rates of small sharks of 10.3–11.5 cm year–1 were in agreement with current literature values. Established tag–recapture programs provide an important tool in understanding the ecology of early life-stages of coastal shark species.

Die soziale Absicherung von Crowdworkern / Eine Untersuchung des Absicherungsstatus und -verhaltens von internetbasierten, selbständigen Erwerbstätigen

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pürling Meike
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Health Care Coverage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis study is the first to examine the social security situation of crowdworkers in Germany as well as the factors influencing the individual protection-behavior. The results are based on a quantitative survey of 248 crowdworkers in Germany. In addition, ten crowdworkers are interviewed, regarding their individual living and working conditions as well as health insurance and pension schemes. While the results for health care coverage are ambivalent, those concerning workers’ pension schemes are clear: Half of the interviewed crowdworkers are not able to build financial reserves or pension claims due to scarce financial resources and partly due to a lack of awareness for this long-term challenge.

scholarly journals Chapter 9 – Rules for the future: forecasts and hindcasts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Non Parametric

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How do discuss and agree on fishery management plans for the future?</li><li>Can we develop harvest rules in small-scale fisheries, without models?</li><li>How can we express the probable costs of fishing too much or too little?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3605/180">Forecasts and harves rules - parametric quotas</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3605/181">Adaptive harvest rules - non-parametric</a></p>

scholarly journals GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF LONG-TERM ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
T. V. Burkova ◽  
I. A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pathological Reaction

Late postoperative thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in anticoagulant-treated patients remain one of the key problems of the modern clinical medicine. At present, the most widely used anticoagulant is warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist. One of the reasons for a pathological reaction to the therapeutic concentration of warfarin could be individual features of warfarin metabolism, determined by relevant genes. The literature data suggest that protein-coding CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes play an important role in the development of postoperative complications. However, the individual warfarin dosage can be influenced by a wide range of other genetic polymorphisms. 

scholarly journals Molecular Taxonomy and Diversification of Atlantic Skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes): Adding More Pieces to the Puzzle of Their Evolutionary History

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Valentina Crobe ◽  
Alice Ferrari ◽  
Robert Hanner ◽  
Robin W. Leslie ◽  
Dirk Steinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Management And Conservation

Conservation and long-term management plans of marine species need to be based upon the universally recognized key-feature of species identity. This important assignment is particularly challenging in skates (Rajiformes) in which the phenotypic similarity between some taxa and the individual variability in others, hampers accurate species identification. Here, 432 individual skate samples collected from four major ocean areas of the Atlantic were barcoded and taxonomically analysed. A BOLD project ELASMO ATL was implemented with the aim of establishing a new fully available and well curated barcode library containing both biological and molecular information. The evolutionary histories of the 38 skate taxa were estimated with two concatenated mitochondrial markers (COI and NADH2) through Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference. New evolutionary lineages within the genus Raja were discovered off Angola, where paleogeographic history coupled with oceanographic discontinuities could have contributed to the establishment of isolated refugia, playing a fundamental role among skates’ speciation events. These data successfully resolved many taxonomic ambiguities, identified cryptic diversity within valid species and demonstrated a highly cohesive monophyletic clustering among the order, laying the background for further inference of evolutionary patterns suitable for addressing management and conservation issues.

Hydrogeological responses in tropical mountainous springs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Term Data

This study presents a hydrogeochemical analysis of spring responses (2013-2017) in the tropical mountainous region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The isotopic distribution of δ18O and δ2H in rainfall resulted in a highly significant meteoric water line: δ2H = 7.93×δ18O + 10.37 (r2=0.97). Rainfall isotope composition exhibited a strong dependent seasonality. The isotopic variation (δ18O) of two springs within the Barva aquifer was simulated using the FlowPC program to determine mean transit times (MTTs). Exponential-piston and dispersion distribution functions provided the best-fit to the observed isotopic composition at Flores and Sacramento springs, respectively. MTTs corresponded to 1.23±0.03 (Sacramento) and 1.42±0.04 (Flores) years. The greater MTT was represented by a homogeneous geochemical composition at Flores, whereas the smaller MTT at Sacramento is reflected in a more variable geochemical response. The results may be used to enhance modelling efforts in central Costa Rica, whereby scarcity of long-term data limits water resources management plans.

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