Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) biofortification for better human health

A primary criticism of organic agriculture is its lower yield and nutritional quality compared to conventional systems. Nutritionally, dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a rich source of low digestible carbohydrates, protein, and micronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate dry pea cultivars and advanced breeding lines using on-farm field selections to inform the development of biofortified organic cultivars with increased yield and nutritional quality. A total of 44 dry pea entries were grown in two USDA-certified organic on-farm locations in South Carolina (SC), United States of America (USA) for two years. Seed yield and protein for dry pea ranged from 61 to 3833 kg ha-1 and 12.6 to 34.2 g/100 g, respectively, with low heritability estimates. Total prebiotic carbohydrate concentration ranged from 14.7 to 26.6 g/100 g. A 100-g serving of organic dry pea provides 73.5 to 133% of the recommended daily allowance (%RDA) of prebiotic carbohydrates. Heritability estimates for individual prebiotic carbohydrates ranged from 0.27 to 0.82. Organic dry peas are rich in minerals [iron (Fe): 1.9–26.2 mg/100 g; zinc (Zn): 1.1–7.5 mg/100 g] and have low to moderate concentrations of phytic acid (PA:18.8–516 mg/100 g). The significant cultivar, location, and year effects were evident for grain yield, thousand seed weight (1000-seed weight), and protein, but results for other nutritional traits varied with genotype, environment, and interactions. “AAC Carver,” “Jetset,” and “Mystique” were the best-adapted cultivars with high yield, and “CDC Striker,” “Fiddle,” and “Hampton” had the highest protein concentration. These cultivars are the best performing cultivars that should be incorporated into organic dry pea breeding programs to develop cultivars suitable for organic production. In conclusion, organic dry pea has potential as a winter cash crop in southern climates. Still, it will require selecting diverse genetic material and location sourcing to develop improved cultivars with a higher yield, disease resistance, and nutritional quality.

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Combining ability and heritability estimates of main agronomic characters in rapeseed breeding lines using line × tester analysis

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1203111r ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 111-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valiollah Rameeh

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

To estimate the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects of plant height, yield components, seed yield and oil content, three testers and six lines of spring type of rapeseed varieties were crossed using line ? tester fashion. Significant mean squares of parents and crosses for all the traits indicated significant genetic variation among the parents and their F1 crosses. Significant mean squares of parents vs crosses revealed significant average heterosis for all the traits except seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and oil content. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod, indicating the importance of additive genetic effects for these traits. Due to more importance of additive genetic effects for most of the traits, only a few of the crosses exhibited significant SCA effects. A significant positive correlation between seed yield and some of yield components including pods on main axis, pods per plant and 1000-seed weight indicates that these traits can be used as suitable selection criteria for improving of seed yield. The crosses including Opt ? R01, RG06 ? R01, RG06 ? R08 and RGS3 ? R08 with 3241.91, 3213.68, 3334.28 and 3237.45 kg ha-1 of seed yield detected as prior combinations for improving of this trait and all of these combinations had also positive SCA effect for this trait.

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AC Queens barley

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-058 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 335-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

S. ter Beek ◽

R. A. Martin ◽

K. M. Ho ◽

C. D. Caldwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Seed Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Good Seed ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Good Test ◽

Key Words Barley ◽

Cultivar Description

AC Queens is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, good test weight, good seed weight, and lodging resistance. AC Queens performs well in the Maritime Region of Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high yield, high seed weight

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Morphological Characterization, Variability and Diversity among Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 671

Author(s):

Nagaraju Shilpashree ◽

Sarojinikunjamma Nirmala Devi ◽

Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda ◽

Anjanappa Muddappa ◽

Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

High Yield ◽

Vegetable Soybean ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Commercial Cultivation ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

High Heritability

Vegetable soybean production is dependent on the development of vegetable type varieties that would be achieved by the use of germplasm to evolve new agronomically superior yielding vegetable type with beneficial biochemical traits. This can be accomplished by a better understanding of genetics, which is why the research was conducted to reveal the quantitative genetics of vegetable soybean genotypes. Genetic variability of main morphological traits in vegetable soybean genotypes and their divergence was estimated, as a result of the magnitude of genotypic variation (GV), and phenotypic variation (PV) of traits varied among the genotypes. All traits showed high heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance percentage mean (GAM). Therefore, these variable traits are potential for genetic improvement of vegetable type soybean. Genetic diversity is the prime need for breeding, and the magnitude of genetic diversity values were maximized among specific genotypes. Eight clusters were found for all genotypes; cluster VIII and cluster I were considered to have the most diversity. Cluster VIII consisted of two genotypes (GM-6 and GM-27), based on the mean outcomes of the high yield attributing traits. Hence, these two (GM-6, GM-27) genotypes can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other genotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.

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Evaluation of F. x ananassa intra-specific and inter-specific back-crosses to generate new genetic material with increased fruit nutritional quality

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/br-2010-011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jacopo Diamanti ◽

Franco Capocasa ◽

Maurizio Battino ◽

Bruno Mezzetti

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Genetic Material

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BELLEVUE FIELD PEA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-109 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 805-806

Author(s):

A. E. SLINKARD ◽

R. A. A. MORRALL

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Field Pea ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Cultivar Description

Bellevue field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was licensed in 1986. It is about 15% higher yielding than the check cultivars Century and Trapper. Bellevue has smooth seeds with yellow cotyledons. It has the le gene for shortened internodes and is about 6 d later maturing than Century and Trapper. Seed weight is about 179 g/1000 seeds, intermediate between Century and Trapper.Key words: Cultivar description, pea (field), Pisum sativum L.

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Late Leaf Spot Severity and Yield of New Peanut Breeding Lines and Cultivars Grown Without Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-17-0165-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (11) ◽

pp. 1843-1850 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian S. Jordan ◽

Albert K. Culbreath ◽

Timothy B. Brenneman ◽

Robert C. Kemerait ◽

William D. Branch

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Organic Production ◽

Canopy Reflectance ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Width Measurements

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance or tolerance to Cercospora arachidicola and/or Cercosporidium personatum, the causes of early and late leaf spot, respectively, are needed for organic production in the southeastern U.S. To determine the potential of new breeding lines for use in such production systems, field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2014 and 2015 in which nine breeding lines and two cultivars, Georgia-06G and Georgia-12Y, were grown without foliar fungicide applications. In one set of trials, cultivar Georgia-12Y and most of the breeding lines evaluated had early season vigor ratings, early-season canopy width measurements, final plant populations, and pod yield that were greater than those of standard cultivar Georgia-06G. In those trials, final late leaf spot Florida scale ratings were lower and canopy reflectance measured as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was higher all the breeding lines than those of Georgia-06G. In another set of trials, two of those same breeding lines had final late leaf spot ratings similar to those of Georgia-12Y in 2014, whereas in 2015, six of those breeding lines had final leaf spot ratings that were lower than those of Georgia-12Y. Yields were similar for Georgia-12Y and all the breeding lines in the Gibbs Farm trials. Across years and breeding lines at the Lang Farm, the relationship between visual estimates of defoliation and NDVI was described by a two sector piecewise regression with NDVI decreasing more rapidly with increasing defoliation above approximately 89%. The utility of NDVI for spot comparisons among breeding lines appears to be limited to situations where there are differences in defoliation. Georgia-12Y and multiple breeding lines evaluated show potential for use in situations such as organic production where acceptable fungicides available for seed treatment and leaf spot control are limited.

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Genetic worth of multiple sets of cowpea breeding lines destined for advanced yield testing

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-020-02763-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Obia Ongom ◽

Christian Fatokun ◽

Abou Togola ◽

Oluwaseye Gideon Oyebode ◽

Mansur Sani Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Mean And Variance ◽

Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Location Interaction

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine genetic potentials in eight sets of cowpea lines for grain yield (GY), hundred seed weight (HSDWT) and days to 50% flowering (DT50FL). A total of 614 F6 genotypes constituting the sets, grouped by maturity, were evaluated across two locations in Northern Nigeria, in an alpha lattice design, two replications each. Data were recorded on GY, HSDWT and DT50FL.Variance components, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and genetic advance (GA) were used to decode the magnitude of genetic variance within and among sets. Genetic usefulness (Up) which depends on mean and variance to score the genetic merits in historically bi-parental populations was applied to groups of breeding lines with mixed parentage. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to depict contribution of traits to observed variations. GY and DT50FL explained the variance within and between sets respectively. Genotypes were significantly different, although genotype-by-location and set-by-location interaction effects were also prominent. Genetic variance (δ2G) and GCV were high for GY in Prelim2 (δ2G = 45,897; GCV = 19.58%), HSDWT in Prelim11 (δ2G = 7.137; GCV = 17.07%) and DT50F in Prelim5 (δ2G = 4.54; GCV = 4.4%). Heritability varied among sets for GY (H = 0.21 to 0.57), HSDWT (H = 0.76 to 0.93) and DT50FL (H = 0.20 to 0.81). GA and percentage GA (GAPM) were high for GY in Prelim2 (GAPM = 24.59%; GA = 269.05Kg/ha), HSDWT in Prelim11 (GAPM = 28.54%; GA = 4.47 g), and DT50F in Prelim10 (GAPM = 6.49%; GA = 3.01 days). These sets also registered high values of genetic usefulness, suggesting potential application in non-full sib populations. These approaches can be used during preliminary performance tests to reinforce decisions in extracting promising lines and choose among defined groups of lines.

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Alternative Vine Management Programs for Fresh-Market Potatoes

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 633-641

Author(s):

Matthew J. Lemke ◽

Jed B. Colquhoun ◽

Daniel J. Heider ◽

Richard A. Rittmeyer

Keyword(s):

Production Management ◽

Organic Production ◽

High Yield ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Market Demand ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Early Season ◽

Tuber Skin ◽

Mechanical Methods

AbstractEconomically solvent fresh-market potato production is predominantly dependent on the ability to efficiently produce consistent tuber quality and high yield, and the ability to meet first-to-market demand with early-season potatoes. Unfortunately, these two qualifiers often work against each other in terms of production management. In response, we studied integrated potato vine management programs that support timely early-season potato harvest. Vine management with a flail chopper, roller, and flame burner used alone or followed by diquat was evaluated when initiated 21 or 14 d prior to harvest in 2015 and 2016. Potato varieties included ‘Yukon Gold’ and ‘Dark Red Norland’. Potato leaf and stem management, as well as tuber skinning, stolon separation, grade, and yield were quantified. Among mechanical methods, potato leaf and stem management were poor when vines were rolled or mowed but better when flail chopped. In general, vine management and tuber skin set was better when treatments were initiated 21 d prior to harvest as opposed to 14 d. Vine management, tuber skin set, and yield were comparable when potato vines were flail chopped followed by flame burning and where diquat was applied twice, offering a viable program for smaller scale or organic production.

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