scholarly journals Incorporation and Clearance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes and Plasma Phospholipids

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Kerry A Schwichtenberg ◽  
Naomi Q Hanson ◽  
Michael Y Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids

Abstract Background: The sum of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω3) in erythrocyte membranes, termed the omega-3 index, can indicate suboptimal intake of omega-3 fatty acids, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). To study the effects of fatty acid supplementation, we investigated the rate of incorporation and clearance of these fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and plasma after intake of supplements. Methods: Twenty study participants received supplementation with either fish oil (1296 mg EPA + 864 mg DHA/day) or flaxseed oil (3510 mg alpha-linolenic acid + 900 mg linoleic acid/day) for 8 weeks. We obtained erythrocyte membrane and plasma samples at weeks 0, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 24 and extracted and analyzed fatty acids by gas chromatography. Results: After 8 weeks of fish oil supplementation, erythrocyte membrane EPA and DHA increased 300% (P <0.001) and 42% (P <0.001), respectively. The mean erythrocyte omega-3 index reached a near optimal value of 7.8%, and remained relatively high until week 12. EPA and DHA showed greater increases and more rapid washout period decreases in plasma phospholipids than in erythrocyte membranes. Flaxseed oil supplementation increased erythrocyte membrane EPA to 133% (P <0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 ω3) to 120% (P <0.01) of baseline, but DHA was unchanged. In plasma phospholipids, EPA, DPA, and DHA showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase. Conclusions: Erythrocyte membrane EPA+DHA increases during relatively short intervals in response to supplementation at rates related to amount of supplementation. These results may be useful to establish appropriate dosage for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Original Research: Effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver: Efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xue Du ◽  
Jianliang Shen ◽  
Lizhi Lu ◽  
Weiqun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with potential health benefits for chronic disease prevention. Our previous studies found that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could accumulate in the meat and eggs in a duck model. This study was to reveal the effects of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile and conversion of omega-3 fatty acids in duck liver. Female Shan Partridge Ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. The experimental diets substituted the basal diet by 2% of flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow, or fish oil, respectively. In addition, a dose response study was further conducted for flaxseed and fish oil diets at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. At the end of the five-week treatment, fatty acids were extracted from the liver samples and analyzed by GC-FID. As expected, the total omega-3 fatty acids and the ratio of total omega-3/omega-6 significantly increased in both flaxseed and fish oil groups when compared with the control diet. No significant change of total saturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids was found in both rapeseed and beef tallow groups. The dose response study further indicated that 59–81% of the short-chain omega-3 ALA in flaxseed oil-fed group was efficiently converted to long-chain DHA in the duck liver, whereas 1% of dietary flaxseed oil could produce an equivalent level of DHA as 0.5% of dietary fish oil. The more omega-3 fatty acids, the less omega-6 fatty acids in the duck liver. Taken together, this study showed the fatty acid profiling in the duck liver after various dietary fat consumption, provided insight into a dose response change of omega-3 fatty acids, indicated an efficient conversion of short- to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, and suggested alternative long-chain omega-3 fatty acid-enriched duck products for human health benefits.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
Ella Aitta ◽  
Alexis Marsol-Vall ◽  
Annelie Damerau ◽  
Baoru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Baltic Herring ◽  
By Products

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Fish Oil Microencapsulation as Omega-3 Fatty Acids Fortification Material for Cream of Crab Soup

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiara Putri Pramestia ◽  
Bambang Riyanto ◽  
Wini Trilaksani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Homogenization Treatment ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Serving Size

<p>Omega-3 fatty acids have important roles in improvement of intelligent and health<br />of human. Microencapsulation of fish oil as source of omega-3 fatty acids is an effort to<br />maintain flavor, aroma, stability, and also to successfully transfer bioactive component<br />from the fish oil as fortification material for foods or medicines. Improvement of instant<br />crab cream soup enriched with fish oil as source of omega-3 fatty acid has never been<br />conducted before. The purpose of this research was to improve microencapsulation<br />method for fish oil as source of omega-3 fatty acids as fortification material for instant<br />cream of crab soup. Microencapsulation methods in this research are homogenization<br />and spray drying. The results showed that the best microcapsule was obtained from<br />homogenization treatment for 10 minutes with efficiency of 90.41±0.64%. The shape of<br />the obtained microcapsule was spherical with average size of 6.52 μm, with induction time<br />up to 26.09±0.01 hours. The best cream of crab soup formula was at fish oil microcapsule </p><p>concentration of 3.30%, with 8.19% daily value of omega-3, inclusion 11.32% of EPA and<br />DHA at serving size of 17.56 gram.<br />Keywords : Crab, fish oil, fortification, instant cream soup, microencapsulation, omega-3<br />fatty acids</p>

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3652
Author(s):  
Suresh Khadke ◽  
Pallavi Mandave ◽  
Aniket Kuvalekar ◽  
Vijaya Pandit ◽  
Manjiri Karandikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin D for Anthropometric, Biochemical Blood Indices and Respiratory Function. Does it work?

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Arturas Sujeta ◽  
Sandrija Capkauskiene ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraite ◽  
Loreta Stasiule ◽  
Mindaugas Balciunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Abstract. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 have beneficial effects on different blood, cardiovascular parameters and physical performance. However, the effect of low-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation remains unclear. 84 office workers aged 40–60 years, participated in a 16-week open, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. The experimental group received 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acid and 0.005 mg (200 IU) of vitamin D3 per day and the control group received placebo. Anthropometric, biochemical blood and respiratory indices were measured at 12 and 16 weeks. Body mass (BM) and body mass index (BMI) significantly reduced in both the experimental (BM from 74.4 ± 13.04 to 73.2 ± 13.02 kg, p < 0.001; BMI from 25.8 ± 4.1 to 25.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and the placebo groups (BM from 69.5 ± 11. to 68.7 ± 11.4 kg, p < 0.05; BMI from 24.1 ± 4.0 to 23.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p < 0.05). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly improved glucose (from 5.12 ± 0.55 to 4.97 ± 0.62 mmol/l; p = 0.05), total cholesterol (from 5.86 ± 1.0 to 5.32 ± 1.55 mmol/l; p = 0.003), and vitamin D levels (from 35.07 ± 21.65 to 68.63 ± 25.94 nmol/l; p = 0.000). Maximal oxygen consumption (from 33.7 ± 2.4 to 36.6 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min, p = 0.035), forced vital capacity (from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 0.9 l, p = 0.044), forced expiratory volume (from 3.2 ± 0.6 to 3.5 ± 0.7 l, p = 0.014), and peak expiratory flow (from 6.7 ± 1.4 to 7.5 ± 1.6 l/s, p = 0.019) also slightly improved in the omega-3 fatty acid group. Daily supplementation of 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acids had a slight positive impact on total cholesterol and glucose level, while there was no effect on low and high density lipoproteins, and triglycerides levels. Therefore, dose of 330 mg per day seems as insufficient.

scholarly journals OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Retention, Oxidative Quality, and Sensoric Acceptability of Spray-Dried Flaxseed Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Spray Dried

Flaxseed is naturally a rich source of essential omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), which exhibits nearly 57% of its entire fatty acid profile. Oxidation of omega-3 fatty acids during processing and storage results in reduced shelf stability of food products and limited health potentials. Spray-drying is considered a processing technique to shield omega-3 fatty acids from oxidative damage. For the purpose, the extracted flaxseed oil (FSO) together with the emulsifier (flaxseed meal polysaccharide gum) was passed through a mini spray-dryer to prepare spray-dried flaxseed oil (SDFSO) samples. The SDFSO samples for quality were evaluated at 0th, 30th, and 60th days of storage at two different temperatures of 4°C and 25°C, accordingly. The maximum oil protection efficiency was recorded as 90.78% at 160°C. The highest percentage for ALA retention was recorded as 54.7% and 53.9% at 4°C, while the lowest retention was observed as 48.6% and 46.2% at 25°C after 30 and 60 days of storage, respectively. The inlet (160°C) and outlet air temperatures (80°C) were considered as key factors contributing a decline in retention of ALA of the SDFSO samples. The free fatty acid contents of FSO and SDFSO samples reached to their peaks, i.e., 1.22% and 0.75%, respectively, after 60 days of storage at 25°C. The initial peroxide value of FSO (control) was 0.16, which increased to 0.34 (4°C) and 1.10 (25°C) meq/kg O2 at the end of 60 days storage. The value for malondialdehyde of SDFSO samples was increased from 0.17 (0 day) to 0.34 nmol/g of lipids at 60 days (4°C), and the same increasing trend was observed at 25°C. In the case of color and overall acceptability, the lowest evaluation scores were awarded to FSO samples in comparison to SDFSO samples. Overall, SDFSO possessed improved oxidative quality and can be recommended as a fortifying agent in various functional food products.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with sepsis: an updated meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052095368
Author(s):  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
Xiaojing Feng ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Objectives The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of sepsis is controversial. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to clarify the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with sepsis. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in adults with sepsis. Results Twenty eligible RCTs involving 1514 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was linked to reductions of mortality ( I2 = 0, relative risk [RR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.97), the duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV; I2 = 74%, weighted mean difference [WMD] = −2.20, 95% CI = −4.00 to −0.40), and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS; I2 = 91%, WMD = −3.86, 95% CI = −5.72 to −2.01). Subgroup analysis illustrated that mortality was significantly reduced in patients with sepsis and gastrointestinal dysfunction (RR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.29–0.86, I2 = 0). Conclusion Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation might be associated with reduced mortality in patients with sepsis, especially those with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acid administration could shorten DMV and ICU LOS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document