The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A Psychometric Investigation with Australian Youth

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene L. de Ross ◽  
Eleonora Gullone ◽  
Bruce F. Chorpita
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractThe Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a 47-item self-report measure intended to assess children's symptoms corresponding to selected DSM-IV anxiety and major depressive disorders. The scale comprises six subscales (e.g., Separation Anxiety Disorder; Social Phobia; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Panic Disorder; Generalised Anxiety Disorder; and Major Depressive Disorder). To date, only one normative study of youth has been published with results providing strong initial support for the reliability and validity of this new measure (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt, Umemoto, & Francis, 2000). The present investigation provides additional psychometric data derived from an Australian sample comprising 405 youth aged 8 to 18 years. In general, the data were found to be consistent with those reported in the initial normative study. Internal consistency for the overall scale and its subscales was found to be adequate. Good convergent validity was demonstrated through moderate to strong correlations between the subscales of the RCADS with scores on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested reasonable fit for the six-factor model by Chorpita et al. (2000). Notwithstanding the need for additional validation, it is concluded that the RCADS is a promising instrument for use in both clinical and research settings.

scholarly journals Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale−30 (RCADS-30) in clinical and non-clinical samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Piqueras ◽  
David Pineda ◽  
María Martin-Vivar ◽  
Bonifacio Sandín
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Abstract: The 30-item shortened version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) is a self-report instrument to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the RCADS-30, based on a sample of children and adolescents in clinical and community settings. Results provide evidence for (a) the six factors of the scale (separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder), (b) reliability (alpha and omega), and (c) convergent and discriminant validity against self-report and clinical interview criteria. The RCADS-30 demonstrated sound psychometric properties and that it is a suitable instrument to assess depression and anxiety disorder symptoms. Based on established cut-off scores, the scale also showed adequate capacity to differentiate emotional disorders from other mental disorders or the absence of diagnosis.Resumen: Análisis factorial confirmatorio y propiedades psicométricas de la Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) en muestras clínicas y no clínicas. La versión abreviada de 30 ítems de la Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) es un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos. Este estudio examinó la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la RCADS-30 en una muestra de niños y adolescentes procedentes de muestras clínicas y comunitarias. Los resultados aportan evidencia sobre (a) los seis factores de la escala (trastorno de ansiedad de separación, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de pánico, fobia social, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, y trastorno depresivo mayor), (b) fiabilidad (alfa y omega), y (c) validez convergente y discriminante sobre autoinformes y entrevista clínica. La RCADS-30 demostró poseer buenas propiedades psicométricas y ser adecuada para evaluar los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos. Sobre la base de puntos de corte establecidos, la escala mostró adecuada capacidad para diferenciar los trastornos emocionales de otros problemas mentales o la ausencia de diagnóstico. 

The French Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a Nonclinical Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Anne Denis ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
French Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This article investigates the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). A group of 704 adolescents completed the questionnaires in their classrooms. This study examines potential confirmatory factor analysis factor models of the RCADS as well as the relationships between the RCADS and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). A subsample of 595 adolescents also completed an anxiety questionnaire (Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, FSSC-R) and a depression questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCADS suggests that the 6-factor model reasonably fits the data. All subscales were positively intercorrelated, with rs varying between .48 (generalized anxiety disorder-major depression disorder) and .65 (generalized anxiety disorder-social phobia/obsessive-compulsive disorder). The RCADS total score and all the RCADS scales were found to have good internal consistency (> .70). The correlations between the RCADS subscales and their SCARED-R counterparts are generally substantial. Convergent validity was found with the FSSC-R and the CES-D. The study included normal adolescents aged 10 to 19. Therefore, the findings cannot be extended to children under 10, nor to a clinical population. Altogether, the French version of the RCADS showed reasonable psychometric properties.

Separation anxiety disorder from the perspective of DSM-5: clinical investigation among subjects with panic disorder and associations with mood disorders spectrum

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Gesi ◽  
Marianna Abelli ◽  
Alessandra Cardini ◽  
Lisa Lari ◽  
Luca Di Paolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Axis I

Objective/IntroductionHigh levels of comorbidity between separation anxiety disorder (SEPAD) and panic disorder (PD) have been found in clinical settings. In addition, there is some evidence for a relationship involving bipolar disorder (BD) and combined PD and SEPAD. We aim to investigate the prevalence and correlates of SEPAD among patients with PD and whether the presence of SEPAD is associated with frank diagnoses of mood disorders or with mood spectrum symptoms.MethodsAdult outpatients (235) with PD were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS), and the Mood Spectrum Self-Report Instrument (MOODS-SR, lifetime version).ResultsOf ther 235 subjects, 125 (53.2%) were categorized as having SEPAD and 110 (46.8%) as not. Groups did not differ regarding onset of PD, lifetime prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, simple phobia, BD I and II, or major depressive disorder (MDD). SEPAD subjects were more likely to be female and younger; they showed higher rates of childhood SEPAD, higher PDSS scores, and higher MOODS-SR total and manic component scores than subjects without SEPAD.DiscussionSEPAD is highly prevalent among PD subjects. Patients with both PD and SEPAD show higher lifetime mood spectrum symptoms than patients with PD alone. Specifically, SEPAD is correlated with the manic/hypomanic spectrum component.ConclusionOur data confirm the high prevalence of SEPAD in clinical settings. Moreover, our findings corroborate a relationship between mood disorders and SEPAD, highlighting a relationship between lifetime mood spectrum symptoms and SEPAD.

scholarly journals Adapting a Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale for rural India: a pilot, amenable to scale up.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
National Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Field Workers

*Abstract. *Education is an important cornerstone of economic developmentin India. Mental health critically impacts education but its comprehensiveassessment at a population level, especially in children in rural areaspresents significant challenges. Mental health problems areunder-recognized in the community and the clinic. Assessment by clinicalpractitioners requires specialized expertise which (for both logistical andcost reasons) are not amenable to scale-up. Diversity in languages,cultures and variation in levels of literacy further compounds the problem.Consequently, despite universal recognition that mental health isimportant, tools to measure its overall prevalence at scale are limited.Here we report adaptation of a robust, internationally validated, mentalhealth assessment scale, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale(RCADS) into Hindi, the national language, spoken by the largest number ofIndians. First RCADS in Urdu1 was translated to Hindi (since spoken Urdu isclose to Hindi). In addition, iterative steps of field adaptation andtraining enabled conversion from self-report to a questionnaire-survey(qaRCADS-H) to facilitate inclusion of illiterate respondents and improvethe overall accuracy and acceptance of the tool. Pratham EducationalFoundation-ASER Center field workers administered qaRCADS-H as a homeinterview/survey in a largely agrarian village where in 2011 the Censusreported 35% illiteracy2. Over a period of three weeks, fourcollege-educated field workers with prior survey experience, targeted 115households with children of which 110 agreed, resulting in participation of130 children 10-17 years of age. Our findings are discussed in context ofscaling and sensitization needed to effectively assess mental healthprevalence in a vulnerable group in large regions of India.

Structure, Reliability, Measurement Stability, and Construct Validity of the Polish Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1492-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Skoczeń ◽  
Radosław Rogoza ◽  
Marta Rogoza ◽  
Chad Ebesutani ◽  
Bruce Chorpita
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Polish Version

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders in children. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the RCADS. Study 1 was conducted to analyze the structural validity and reliability of the RCADS scores and Study 2 assessed the longitudinal measurement of stability over time. Data were collected from a community sample of 501 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years in Poland. The original 47-item version of the Polish RCADS was compared with two shortened versions: 30- and 20-item versions. Overall results revealed support for the structural and construct validity, reliability, and stability of the Polish version of the RCADS.

Anxiety disorders and their clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Korostil ◽  
A Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective To assess prevalence rates and clinical correlates of anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Demographic and neurological data were collected on 140 consecutive clinic attendees, and their lifetime and point prevalences of anxiety disorders were determined with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID-IV). All subjects completed the self-report Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Suicidal intent was rated with the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), psychosocial stressors and supports were quantified with Social Stress and Support Interview (SSSI), and cognition assessed with Neuropsychological Screening Battery for MS. Results The lifetime prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 35.7%, with panic disorder (10%), obsessive compulsive disorder (8.6%), and generalized anxiety disorder (18.6%), the most common diagnoses obtained. Subjects with an anxiety disorder were more likely to be female, have a history of depression, drink to excess, report higher social stress and have contemplated suicide. The diagnosis of an anxiety disorder had been missed in the majority of subjects, therefore, they had not received treatment. A discriminant function analysis identified a series of variables that correctly classified 75% of patients with an anxiety disorder. Conclusion Anxiety disorders are common in patients with MS, but are frequently overlooked and under-treated. Risk factors include being female, a co-morbid diagnosis of depression, and limited social support. Clinicians should evaluate all MS subjects for anxiety disorders, as they represent a treatable cause of disability in MS.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY DISORDER SYMPTOMS AND NEGATIVE SELF-STATEMENTS IN NORMAL CHILDREN

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Birgit Mayer ◽  
Nienke Snieder
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined the relationship between anxiety disorder symptoms and negative self-statements in a sample of normal children (N=119). Children were asked to complete the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire (NASSQ). Results showed that, in normal children, there is a positive relationship between anxiety disorder symptoms, as indexed by the SCARED, and negative self-statements, as measured by the NASSQ. In particular, anxious self-statements were more often present in children who exhibited relatively high levels of anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, depressive and anxiousdepressive self-statements were found to be positively associated with the presence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.

Liraglutide combined with intense lifestyle modification in the management of obesity in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J. Apperley ◽  
Lucy Gait ◽  
Karen Erlandson-Parry ◽  
Peter Laing ◽  
Senthil Senniappan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Excessive Weight

Abstract Objectives Childhood obesity is a public health concern worldwide, with rates continuing to rise, despite preventive measures. Lifestyle modification remains the mainstay in the treatment of patients with excessive weight, but unfortunately, this is not always successful. Options for medical management of obesity in the paediatric population are limited. Methods Seven adolescents (all girls, mean age 14.9 years) with a body mass index (BMI) above 98th percentile and serious complications secondary to obesity were offered an intense weight management programme. The participants were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team every two weeks for advice and support, and treated with daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (dose range 1.2–3.0 mg). Scores for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results The results showed a significant weight loss over the three months with an average reduction of 5.4 kg (4.2%; 95% CI 1.93–8.78; p=0.0087). The mean drop in BMI was 2.1 kg/m2, which is statistically significant (95% CI 0.973–3.199; p=0.0037). Resolution of complications (raised intracranial pressure and steatohepatitis) was noted following weight loss. Anxiety and depressive symptoms improved over the three-month intervention course, especially features of separation anxiety disorder. Liraglutide was well tolerated by all patients. Conclusions Liraglutide medication, alongside a dedicated multidisciplinary team guided lifestyle therapy, is effective and safe in the treatment for excessive weight in adolescents, leading to the reversal of the complications related to obesity and improvement in the psychological symptoms.

scholarly journals Rapid mental health screening in conflict zones: a translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Arabic of the shortened Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Perkins ◽  
Julieta Alós
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Mental Health Screening ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Background During conflict, children and adolescents are at increased risk of mental health problems and in particular, anxiety and depression. However, mental health screening in conflict settings is problematic and carries risk making the need for fast, easy-to-administer, screening instruments paramount. The shortened version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25) is one method of rapidly assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms in youths. This self-report questionnaire demonstrates good internal consistency and diagnostic capacity in clinical and non-clinical populations. Nevertheless, few studies have tested the psychometric properties of translated versions of the RCADS-25 limiting its applicability worldwide. Objectives To expand the reach and utility of the RCADS-25, the present study sought to develop an Arabic version of the instrument (RCADS25-Arabic) and to explore its reliability and underlying factor structure. In light of changes to DSM classification, the effects of removing indicator variables for obsessive-compulsive disorder on the psychometrics of the RCADS25-Arabic were also explored. Method The scale was back translated into Modern Standard Arabic and administered to 250 Arabic speaking schoolchildren between 8 and 15 years of age in Syria. Mean and standard deviation were used to characterise the sample and summarize scores. The reliability and factor structure of the RCADS25-Arabic was explored using confirmatory factor analysis. Results Females were 127 and mean age was 12.11 ± SD 2.35. Males scored lower on anxiety (M 15.05 SD ± 8.0, t(248) = − 3.15, p = .003, d = 0.39) and internalizing factors (M 26.1 SD ± 13.1, t(248) = − 2.36, p = .0160, d = 0.31) with no statistical gender difference recorded for depression (t(248) = − 1.27, p = .202). Fit statistics were good for two- and one-factor solutions (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA 0.051, CFI .91, TLI .90 and χ2/df = 1.64 and RMSEA 0.051, CFI .91 and TLI .89 respectively). DIFFTEST showed no significant difference between models (χ2diff (1) = 0.03, p < 0.86) indicating a one-factor (internalizing) solution was preferable. No improvement in scale integrity was found after deleting obsessive-compulsive disorder items. Conclusion The RCADS25-Arabic is useful for rapid screening of depression and anxiety but is better used to identify a one-factor internalizing construct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder items should be retained in the RCADS-25.

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: Factor Structure, Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity in Patients with Dizziness

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin G. Piker ◽  
David M. Kaylie ◽  
Douglas Garrison ◽  
Debara L. Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Dizziness Handicap Inventory ◽  
Unselected Group ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety-related pathologies, are often observed in dizzy patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used self-report instrument used to screen for anxiety and depression in medical outpatient settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure, internal consistency and convergent validity of the HADS in an unselected group of patients with dizziness. The HADS and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were administered to 205 dizzy patients. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted and indicated a 3-factor structure, inconsistent with the 2-subscale structure (i.e. anxiety and depression) of the HADS. The total scale was found to be internally consistent, and convergent validity, as assessed using the DHI, was acceptable. Overall findings suggest that the HADS should not be used as a tool for psychiatric differential diagnosis, but rather as a helpful screener for general psychiatric distress in the two domains of psychiatric illness most germane in dizzy patients.

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