Assessing Social Skills in People With Very Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Validity of the Social Performance Survey Schedule (SPSS)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Long ◽  
Skye McDonald ◽  
Robyn Tate ◽  
Leanne Togher ◽  
Cristina Bornhofen

AbstractThe current study was designed to determine whether the Social Performance Survey Schedule (SPSS; Lowe & Cautela, 1978) is a useful measure of social skills in people with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Forty-nine adults with TBI were compared on the SPSS to 190 adults without injuries. The validity of the SPSS was also investigated in relation to another measure of social performance, the first scale of the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS-R1; Katz & Lyerly, 1963) and a broad measure of social function (the SPRS; Tate, Hodgkinson, Veerabangsa, & Maggiotto, 1999). Individuals with TBI had significantly lower scores on the positive scale of the SPSS than nonbrain-injured individuals. They did not have lower scores on the SPSS negative scale relative to the normative sample. Significant correlations with the KAS-R1 and SPRS provided evidence for the construct and criterion validity of SPSS within this population. In conclusion, this study suggests that where an appropriate normative sample is used, the positive subscale of the SPSS is a sound measure for detecting the extent and nature of deficits in prosocial behaviour seen in TBI, but raises the question as to how we define negative behaviours in the 21st century on scales such as the SPSS.

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Rawis ◽  
Diana Ch. Lalenoh ◽  
Lucky T. Kumaat

Abstract: Traumatic brain injuries are still the leading cause of death and disability, and require care on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A traumatic brain injury caused by mechanical mass from outside the body, leads to impaired cognitive and psychosocial function that can occur temporarily or permanently, and can cause loss of consciousness. This study aims to determine the profile of the patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries treated in ICU and HCU, using retrospective descriptive study conducted in September to November 2016 in the Medical Record department of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou, Manado. The sample size was determined by non-probability sampling method, a purposive sampling. Samples are ICU and HCU patients with the diagnosis of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, who meet the inclusion criteria in the medical record of the data period September 2015 to August 2016. From the obtained sample of 40 patients, males dominate the gender category with 33 cases (83%). SIRS complications found in 23 cases (57.5%). Most patients are treated within 1–7 days, which also become the most patients who died within their length of stay. Patients who dies account for a total of 25 patients (62.5%) and most died after > 48 hours (72%) of treatment; out of the 25 deceased patients, 18 among them (45%) died from severe traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: The mortality rate is highest on severe head injury; most patients died after > 48 hours in the ICU and the HCU.Keywords: moderate traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury Abstrak: Cedera kepala masih merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan, dan memerlukan perawatan Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Cedera kepala disebabkan oleh massa mekanik dari luar tubuh yang mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi kognitif dan psikososial, dapat terjadi sementara atau permanen, dan dapat menyebabkan penurunan kesadaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien cedera kepala sedang dan berat yang dirawat pada ICU dan HCU, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif retrospektif yang dilakukan pada September sampai dengan November 2016 di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou, Manado. Besar sampel ditentukan dengan metode non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien ICU dan HCU dengan diagnosa cedera kepala sedang dan berat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada data Rekam Medik periode September 2015 sampai dengan Agustus 2016. Hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah sampel 40 pasien, dengan jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki 33 orang (83%). Komplikasi SIRS ditemui pada 23 kasus (57,5%). Paling banyak pasien dirawat pada 1–7 hari dan pasien yang meninggal dunia terbanyak pada lama rawat 1–7 hari. Pasien meninggal dunia berjumlah 25 orang (62,5%) dan terbanyak meninggal dunia setelah > 48 jam (72%); dari 25 orang yang meninggal dunia pasien dengan cedera kepala berat sebanyak 18 orang (45%). Simpulan: Angka mortalitas tertinggi ada pada cedera kepala berat, dan pasien meninggal dunia paling banyak setelah > 48 jam di ICU dan HCU. Kata kunci: cedera kepala sedang, cedera kepala berat


Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Brian Hainline ◽  
Lindsey J. Gurin ◽  
Daniel M. Torres

Concussion is considered a type of mild traumatic brain injury, and may exist on a continuum with moderate and severe brain injury. If an individual has suffered an injury severe enough to cause a concussion, there should be a low threshold for also suspecting a more severe traumatic brain injury. In contact/collision sports, it is desirable to have an emergency action plan in place for catastrophic injuries that include moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries. Emergency medical services should be activated for suspected moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shrestha ◽  
Ramesh Man Joshi ◽  
Upendra P. Devkota

Background: Significant proportions of patients presenting with moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries are diagnosed as having coagulation disorder and subsequent secondary brain injury. We evaluated the incidence of coagulopathy in patient with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in this study.Methods: A prospective study of 100 patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury was carried out over a period of 2 years. Platelet count (PC), Bleeding time (BT), Clotting time (CT), Prothrombin time (PT), International Normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and Fibrin degradation product (FDP) were measured at the time of admission and 12 hourly for 7 days. Daily D-dimer evaluation for DIC was performed in those who had abnormal value in any one of these parameters. Coagulopathy was classified as collectively 3 abnormal parameters.Results: Among the 100 patients, 43% had severe and 57% had moderate traumatic brain injury. Coagulopathy was detected in 63% of total patients; 76.7 % (33/43) among severe traumatic brain injury and 52.7 % (30/57) among moderate (p 0.013). Multivariate statistical analysis showed deranged FDP as a significant individual predictor of coagulopathy among others (p < 0.001, Odds ratio 166.25; 95% confidence interval 31.7 + 869.7).Conclusion: Coagulopathy is common in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Evaluation of FDP can significantly predict coagulopathy in traumatic brain injury patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10730 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 22-25


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury


Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015


2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Upton ◽  
James Bordieri ◽  
Mary Ann Roberts

Social skill deficits following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are prevalent. However, the development and provision of pro-active treatments for these deficits during rehabilitation have not kept pace with the need. Previous research described the development and presented encouraging data for community-based intensive social skills and work readiness training programs for adults with a brain injury. Brain injury residuals present similar social and vocational challenges to professionals worldwide. As such, this paper proposes these rehabilitation services may be replicated across cultures. To facilitate crosscultural replication, a training framework is shared. Australian rehabilitation counsellors may use this framework to replicate these services and contribute to the community reintegration of adults with brain injury.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241929
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasna ◽  
Erica Montgomery ◽  
Jacob Koffer ◽  
Miriam Segal

A functionally independent man in his 20s with a history of intellectual disability and epilepsy and family history of Huntington’s disease suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. Postinjury, bilateral chorea rendered him dependent for all activities of daily living. Risperidone provided a significant reduction of chorea, decreasing the overall burden of care. Movement disorders are a common sequela of brain injury. Currently, there are no best treatment guidelines for chorea in patients with brain injury. To the authors’ knowledge there have been no case reports describing the effects of brain injury on patients with a primary movement disorder. Risperidone was an effective treatment in this case. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for treatment of movement disorders following brain injury and to better understand the effect of brain injuries on primary movement disorders.


Author(s):  
Adam Thomas Biggs ◽  
Hugh M. Dainer ◽  
Lanny F Littlejohn

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proposed as a method to treat traumatic brain injuries. The combination of pressure and increased oxygen concentration produces a higher content of dissolved oxygen in the bloodstream, which could generate a therapeutic benefit for brain injuries. This dissolved oxygen penetrates deeper into damaged brain tissue than otherwise possible and promotes healing. The result includes improved cognitive functioning and an alleviation of symptoms. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to produce consistent conclusions across multiple studies. There are numerous explanations that might account for the mixed evidence, although one possibility is that prior evidence focuses primarily on statistical significance. The current analyses explored existing evidence by calculating an effect size from each active treatment group and each control group among previous studies. An effect size measure offers several advantages when comparing across studies as it can be used to directly contrast evidence from different scales, and it provides a proximal measure of clinical significance. When exploring the therapeutic benefit through effect sizes, there was a robust and consistent benefit to individuals who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Placebo effects from the control condition could account for approximately one-third of the observed benefits, but there appeared to be a clinically significant benefit to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment intervention for traumatic brain injuries. This evidence highlights the need for design improvements when exploring interventions for traumatic brain injury as well as the importance of focusing on clinical significance in addition to statistical significance.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S.F. Ling ◽  
Mohit Datta

Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are significant causes of permanent disability and death. In 2010, 823,000 traumatic brain injuries were reported in the United States alone; in fact, the actual number is likely considerably higher because mild traumatic brain injuries and concussions are underreported. The number of new traumatic spinal cord injuries has been estimated at 12,000 annually. Survival from these injuries has increased due to improvements in medical care. This review covers mild traumatic brain injury and concussion, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and traumatic spinal cord injury. Figures include computed tomography scans showing a frontal contusion, diffuse cerebral edema and intracranial air from a gunshot wound, a subdural hematoma, an epidural hematoma, a skull fracture with epidural hematoma, and a spinal fracture from a gunshot wound. Tables list requirements for players with concussion, key guidelines for prehospital management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, key guidelines for management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, brain herniation brain code, key clinical practice guidelines for managing cervical spine and spinal cord injury, and the American Spinal Injury Association’s neurologic classification of spinal cord injury. This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 12 tables, and 55 references.


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