Understanding Former Smokers in Canada: Examining Who They are and When, Why and How They Quit

AbstractObjectives: Although the benefits of smoking cessation are well established, long-term abstinence from cigarettes is difficult for many smokers to achieve. We aimed to examine quit attempts, years since quitting and factors associated with long-term abstinence among former smokers.Methods: Data were from the 2006 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey. Descriptive analyses were performed and logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with long-term abstinence (more than 5 years) among former smokers.Results: In 2006, over one in four Canadians (27.1%,n= 7,200,000) aged 15 and older was a former smoker. The prevalence of former smoking was higher among men (30.9%) in comparison to women (23.4%). Former smokers who quit in the past 3 years or earlier were more likely to be older as well as have children younger than 15 in the household. Logistic regression analyses revealed that older age was a significant predictor of long-term abstinence from smoking.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there are modifiable characteristics associated with long-term smoking abstinence that could be addressed by relapse prevention programming. Longitudinal data are warranted to further clarify the relationship between certain characteristic of former smokers and the duration of abstinence.

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785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A305-A306

Author(s):

Jesse Moore ◽

Ellita Williams ◽

Collin Popp ◽

Anthony Briggs ◽

Judite Blanc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Regression Models ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Past ◽

Strengthening Exercise ◽

Waking Up ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

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FERTILITY DESIRES OF YORUBA COUPLES OF SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932004026835 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 605-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

KOLAWOLE AZEEZ OYEDIRAN

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Fertility Intention ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Fertility Desires ◽

Fertility Reduction ◽

Living Children

Using the matched wife–husband (763) sample from the data collected from Ogbomoso and Iseyin towns in Oyo State, Nigeria, this paper examines factors associated with couples’ fertility intention. The analysis used logistic regression models for predicting the effects of selected socioeconomic background characteristics on a couple’s fertility intention. Results indicate high levels of concurrence among husbands and wives on fertility intention. Where differences exist, husbands are more pronatalists than their wives. About 87% of pairs of partners reported similar fertility preferences. Of these couples, 59·5% wanted more children while only 27·8% reported otherwise. The logistic regression models indicated that a couple’s fertility intention was associated with age, education, place of residence, frequency of television-watching and number of living children. Therefore, programme interventions aimed at promoting fertility reduction in Nigeria should convey fertility regulation messages to both husbands and wives.

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The Past Is Prologue: Criminal Specialization Continuity in the Delinquent Career

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice ◽

10.1177/1541204018809839 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 335-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matt DeLisi ◽

Ramate Bunga ◽

Mark H. Heirigs ◽

Jacob H. Erickson ◽

Andy Hochstetler

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Specific Form ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Aggravated Assault ◽

The Past ◽

California Youth Authority ◽

Important Evidence ◽

Robust Evidence

The versatility/specialization debate in criminology has important theoretical, research, and juvenile/criminal justice ramifications. Although offenders are mostly versatile, there is important evidence of specialization, but much of this evidence is derived from highly technical statistical approaches. Drawing on data from a cohort of serious delinquents committed to the California Youth Authority, logistic regression models revealed robust evidence for criminal specialization net the effects of behavioral and demographic controls. Prior homicide was associated with a 1,467% increased likelihood of being currently adjudicated for a homicide offense. Similar prior–current involvement in robbery (294% increased likelihood), aggravated assault (200%), burglary (148%), and drug sales (736%) was found. Logistic regression with odds ratios provides intuitive, valuable estimates of specialization in offending whereby prior involvement in a specific form of delinquency dramatically increases the likelihood of current involvement in the same form of crime.

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The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 707-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Allison Milner ◽

Anne-Marie Bollier ◽

Eric Emerson ◽

Anne Kavanagh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.

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Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Attempt Among Indigenous Māori Youth in New Zealand: The Role of Family Connection

International Journal of Indigenous Health ◽

10.18357/ijih71201112350 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Terryann C. Clark ◽

Elizabeth Robinson ◽

Sue Crengle ◽

Theresa Fleming ◽

Shanthi Ameratunga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

New Zealand ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Relationship ◽

Family Connection

The purpose of this study was to (1) describe risk and protective factors associated with a suicide attempt for Māori youth and (2) explore whether family connection moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide attempts for Māori youth. Secondary analysis was conducted with 1702 Māori young people aged 12–18 years from an anonymous representative national school-based survey of New Zealand (NZ) youth in 2001. A logistic regression and a multivariable model were developed to identify risk and protective factors associated with suicide attempt. An interaction term was used to identify whether family connection acts as a moderator between depressive symptoms and a suicide attempt. Risk factors from the logistic regression for a suicide attempt in the past year were depressive symptoms (OR = 4.3, p < 0.0001), having a close friend or family member commit suicide (OR = 4.2, p < 0.0001), being 12–15 years old (reference group: 16–18 years) (OR = 2.7, p < 0.0001), having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.3, p = 0.0073), witnessing an adult hit another adult or a child in the home (OR = 1.8, p = 0.001), and being uncomfortable in NZ European social surroundings (OR = 1.7, p = 0.0040). Family connection was associated with fewer suicide attempts (OR = 0.9, p = 0.0002), but this factor did not moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicide attempt (χ2 = 2.84, df = 1, p = 0.09). Family connection acts as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the risk of suicide attempts for Māori students with depressive symptoms, not as a moderating variable.

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V. Bryusov’s Letters to His Fiancée

Literary Fact ◽

10.22455/2541-8297-2021-20-8-30 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-30

Author(s):

Monika V. Orlova

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Full Text ◽

Terminally Ill ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

State Of Mind ◽

First Time ◽

The Village ◽

The Relationship

The publication includes V.Ya. Bryusov’s letters to his fiancée I.M. Runt (1876 –1965) from June 9 to September 9, 1897. 11 correspondences, including the final telegram sent from Kursk, were written and sent from Aachen (Germany), Moscow and several Ukrainian localities. The letter 10 is accompanied by the full text of I.M. Runt’s only surviving letter to Bryusov, sent from Moscow to the village of Bolshye Sorochintsy and received by the poet a few months later at home. The relationship between the young people before the wedding were complicated. While the poet was preparing for the wedding in Moscow, he summed up the past contacts with “mes amantes”, and his state of mind was painful. Shortly before meeting his future wife, Bryusov broke up with the former governess of his family E.I. Pavlovskaya, who was terminally ill. A few days before the wedding he decided to go to say goodbye to Pavlovskaya to her homeland, Ukraine. In his letters to the future wife the poet tried to smooth out the tension of the situation, perhaps anticipating that he would be bounded with I.M. Runt 30 Литературный факт. 2021. № 2 (20) by a long-term relationship, where life and literature are closely interconnected. The letters are published for the first time.

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Abstract TMP81: Artificial Intelligence Beats Conventional Regression Analysis in Predicting Short and Long Term Risk of Stroke in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tmp81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Pradyumna Agasthi ◽

Chieh-Ju Chao ◽

Han Lun Wu ◽

Farouk Mookadam ◽

Nithin Venepally ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Test Sample ◽

Training Sample ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

Short And Long Term

Introduction: Ischemic stroke (IS) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a 5 yr incidence ~ 3%. We sought the test the accuracy of Machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting IS in patients undergoing PCI. Methods: Mayo Clinic CathPCI registry data were retrospectively analyzed from Jan 2003 - June 2018 including 21,872 patients who underwent PCI. The cohort was randomly divided into a training sample (75%, n=16404) and a unique test sample (25%, n=5468) prior to model generation. The risk prediction model was generated utilizing a random forest algorithm (RF model) on 188 unique variables to predict the risk of IS at 6-month, 1, 2, and 5-year post PCI. Conventional risk factors for stroke were used for logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve for the RF and logistic regression models were compared for the test cohort. Results: The mean age was 66.9 ± 12.4 years, and 71% were male. Patient demographics and outcomes are shown in Table 1 . The ROC area under the curve for the RF model was superior compared to the logistic regression model in predicting IS at 6 months, 1,2 and 5 yrs for the test cohort ( Figure 1 .) Conclusions: The RF model accurately predicts short and long term risk of IS and outperforms logistic regression analysis in patients undergoing PCI.

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Phillips Curve: The Greek Case

European Review ◽

10.1017/s1062798720001301 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Panagiotis Liargovas ◽

Marios Psychalis

Keyword(s):

Phillips Curve ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Economic Adjustment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Past ◽

Greek Economy ◽

Classical Economic ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

One of the most important problems facing Greece is the long-term and high-level unemployment rate. The Economic Adjustment Programmes (EAPs) focused on the supply side of the economy, aiming at the adjustment of prices and wages, draw on the classical economic model, as it is widely accepted that internal devaluation policies keep inflation low. This article attempts to examine whether the Keynesian theory and the Phillips Curve, which shows the relationship between unemployment and inflation, apply in the case of the Greek economy. We use descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) and VAR Analysis to examine the relationship between the variables. According to the results, there is a negative correlation between unemployment and inflation in Greece, thus confirming the Phillips Curve hypothesis. Finally, results show that unemployment is less dependent on inflation compared with the past, and there are numerous other decisive factors affecting unemployment.

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Mnemonic Populism: The Polish Holocaust Law and its Afterlife

European Review ◽

10.1017/s1062798720000502 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kornelia Kończal

Keyword(s):

Significant Other ◽

The Past ◽

Cultural Foundations ◽

The Holocaust ◽

Heated Debate ◽

History Of ◽

The Law ◽

The Relationship

In early 2018, the Polish parliament adopted controversial legislation criminalising assertions regarding the complicity of the ‘Polish Nation’ and the ‘Polish State’ in the Holocaust. The so-called Polish Holocaust Law provoked not only a heated debate in Poland, but also serious international tensions. As a result, it was amended only five months after its adoption. The reason why it is worth taking a closer look at the socio-cultural foundations and political functions of the short-lived legislation is twofold. Empirically, the short history of the Law reveals a great deal about the long-term role of Jews in the Polish collective memory as an unmatched Significant Other. Conceptually, the short life of the Law, along with its afterlife, helps capture poll-driven, manifestly moralistic and anti-pluralist imaginings of the past, which I refer to as ‘mnemonic populism’. By exploring the relationship between popular and political images of the past in contemporary Poland, this article argues for joining memory and populism studies in order to better understand what can happen to history in illiberal surroundings.

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Understanding the Association Between Spontaneous Quit Attempts and Improved Smoking Cessation Success Rates: A Population Survey in England With 6-Month Follow-up

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 1460-1467 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Claire Garnett ◽

Lion Shahab ◽

Tobias Raupach ◽

Robert West ◽

Jamie Brown

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Population Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Success Rates ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Past ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Quit Attempts ◽

Adjusted Model

Abstract Introduction Almost half of smoking quit attempts are “spontaneous” (initiated as soon as the decision to quit has been made) and are associated with increased success rates. This study aimed to assess to what extent other factors may account for this association. Methods Data were used from respondents to a survey representative of the adult population in England from 2006 to 2016. We included 2018 respondents who were current smokers at baseline and had attempted to quit between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Logistic regression models assessed the association between quit success and spontaneous quit attempts while adjusting for smoking, sociodemographic, and quit attempt characteristics. Results Spontaneous quit attempts were associated with greater odds of quit success (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.60) but the association was not significant in the fully adjusted model (ORadj = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.49). In this adjusted model, those who attempted to quit without cutting down first (ORadj = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.46 to 3.88) and were male (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.80) had greater odds of success; although a greater number of attempts in the past 6 months, stronger urges to smoke (strong vs. none), higher daily cigarette consumption, and lower social grade (E vs. AB) were associated with lower odds of success (ORadj range = 0.32–0.98, p < .030). Quit attempts made without cutting down first were correlated with spontaneous quit attempts (r = .150, p < .001) and appeared to account for the diminished association between spontaneous quitting and success (ORadj = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.46). Conclusions The increased success rate of spontaneous quit attempts appears to be because spontaneous quit attempts are more likely to be made without cutting down first. Implications The apparent benefit of spontaneous over planned quit attempts may be attributable to the former being more likely to involve quitting without cutting down first (ie, abrupt cessation) than cutting down first (ie, gradual cessation) and so this may be a more useful target for advice to improve the chances of successful quitting.

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