Physiologic Factors in the Use of the Body Respirator for Impaired Respiratory Function

1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. WHITTENBERGER ◽  
JAMES V. MALONEY
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
The Body

Respiratory Function of the Swim-Bladders of the Primitive Fish Polypterus Senegalus

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. M. ABDEL MAGID ◽  
Z. VOKAC ◽  
NASR EL DIN AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polypterus Senegalus ◽  
The Right

1. The respiratory function of the swim-bladders of Polypterus senegalus was investigated. Experiments were carried out in tap water with an oxygen tension of about 140 mm. Hg. 2. Both swim-bladders were cannulated through the body-walls of the unrestricted fish. Gas samples were analysed for their oxygen and carbon dioxide content before and after the fish visited the surface. 3. A sharp increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon dioxide tension was always observed after inhalation. This proves that atmospheric air is actually inspired into the bladders. 4. After inspiration, the amount of oxygen in the bladders decreased rapidly. This shows that oxygen is taken up by the blood, even when the oxygen content of the water is normal. 5. Inspiration of air is preceded by expiration which, on the average, reduces the volume of the bladders to about 40%. 6. The uneven distribution of inhaled air in the right bladder is shown to be due to anatomical configuration.

PATHOGENETIC MARKERS OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Виткина ◽  
Tatyana Vitkina ◽  
Людмила Веремчук ◽  
Lyudmila Veremchuk ◽  
Ирина Симонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the integral parameters of respiratory function, the values of LPO-AOD system and NO level at bronchopulmonary pathology in individuals living in different ecological areas of the city of Vladivostok. 206 patients living in different ecological conditions (healthy individuals, patients with respiratory disorders) were examined. Lung function and the state of LPO-AOD system were studied; the concentration of NO metabolites was assessed in blood serum. The nature and strength of the impact of environmental factors on respiratory function, the state of LPO-AOD, NO level were studied by the method based on correlation analysis. There was calculated power index (D) which was differentiated into power within the system (Ds) which in its turn reflects the in-system interrelationship tension (LPO-AOD, respiratory) and power between systems (Dm) characterizing the activity of interconnections and response to an external stimulus. Intra-system dependences typical for the unfavorable zone were viewed in relation to the favorable zone. It was found out that in ecologically unfavorable regions in individuals with different bronchopulmonary pathologies the value of Ds increases. This indicates that the pathogenic influence of environmental factors increases. In healthy people living in ecologically unfavourable area physiological adaptive-compensatory reaction of the body was revealed, which was proved by high power interconnections (Dm). In the patients with chronic bronchitis there was maintained an adequate level of functioning of the body systems studied. In patients with COPD living in an unfavourable zone there were found strong links between the indicators of the system of LPO-AOD and of NO, and in patients with bronchial asthma - supplementary relationship between lung function and NO. At the same time pathologic changes in the system of LPO-AOD and NO depend on the general pollution, metal and gas components contained in the air. Thus, the people with respiratory diseases being in environmentally unfavorable conditions have the most negative influence. The analysis of the activity of relationships proved that violations of interaction of LPO-AOD systems and NO in ecologically unfavorable regions may contribute to the occurrence and progression of bronchopulmonary diseases.

Prevention of pressure ulcers among individuals cared for in the prone position: lessons for the COVID-19 emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-320
Author(s):  
Zena Moore ◽  
Declan Patton ◽  
Pinar Avsar ◽  
Natalie L McEvoy ◽  
Gerard Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Data

Objective: Pressure ulcers (PUs) involve the destruction of skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure and shear forces. These ulcers are painful and significantly reduce a person's quality of life. PUs are also expensive to manage and impact negatively on the achievement of cost-effective, efficient care delivery. Method: Prone positioning is a postural therapy that aims to enhance respiratory function through increasing oxygenation levels. In contemporary clinical practice, ventilation in the prone position is indicated for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, despite its advantages in terms of respiratory function, several studies have examined complications of prone position ventilation and have identified PUs (facial PUs as well as PUs on other weight-bearing areas of the body) as a frequent complication in patients who are already in a precarious medical situation. International data suggest that up to 57% of patients nursed in the prone position develop a PU. The aim of this clinical review is to identify and review evidence-based recommendations developed to facilitate the selection and application of preventive interventions aimed at reducing PU development in patients ventilated in the prone position. Given the current COVID-19 crisis, this review is timely as intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 require ventilation in the prone position at a level that is disproportionate to the general intensive care population. Up to 28% of patients admitted to the ICU with confirmed infection due to severe COVID-19 are cared for in the prone position. The scope of this review is limited to adult individuals only. Results: The skin assessment should be undertaken before proning and following positioning the patient back into the supine position. Although it is essential to keep the skin clean and moisturised, using pH-balanced cleansers, there is inconsistency in terms of the evidence to support the type of moisturiser. Use of positioning devices in addition to repositioning is recommended to offload pressure points on the face and body. Further, using dressings such as hydrocolloids, transparent film and silicone may be of benefit in decreasing facial skin breakdown. Conclusion: Given the importance of PU prevention in this cohort of patients, adopting a focused prevention strategy, including skin assessment and care, offloading and pressure redistribution, and dressings for prevention may contribute to a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of these largely preventable wounds.

scholarly journals Experiments on the action of food upon the respiration

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 638-641
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Arrow Root ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Complete Abstinence

The author had proved in his former Paper that the maximum influence of food is observed within two and a half hours after its exhibition; also that the action of food is in two degrees; viz. that which sustains the respiratory changes to the minimum line (or that which occurs with complete abstinence), and that which is observed as the maximum point to which the respiratory function is increased after ordinary meals. His aim in this communication was to show the variations in the influence of food between these two lines. His method of inquiry was to take a moderate quantity of a single article of food alone, before breakfast, whilst the body was at rest and in the sitting posture, and to determine the influence every ten or fifteen minutes during a period of about two hours. He noted the amount of carbonic acid exhaled and of air inhaled, with the rate of respiration and pulsation, and also the temperature and the barometric pressure of the atmosphere. The apparatus employed was that described in his former Paper, and the gentlemen who submitted themselves to the investigation were chiefly the author and Mr. Moul, with Professor Frankland, F. R. S., Mr. Hoffman, and Mr. Reid, who engaged in a few experiments. The following foods were subjected to inquiry:— 1. The starch series , viz. arrowroot, arrowroot and butter, arrow-root and sugar, commercial starch, wheat starch, gluten, bread, oatmeal, rice, rice and butter, potato.

scholarly journals Anal and Oral Intake of Water by Crustacea

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-599
Author(s):  
H. MUNRO FOX
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excretory Organs

In the majority of small and transparent Crustacea water can be seen to be pumped into the alimentary canal through the anus by rhythmic antiperistaltic swallowing movements of the rectum. This anal drinking is continuous in small species and in the young of larger species, but occurs in intermittent bursts in the adults of larger species. In prawns the intermittent anal intake of water acts as an enema, for it occurs only at the time of defaecation, which is preceded by one or two dozen rapid rectal gulps of water. The continuous anal intake of water by smaller Crustacea acts likewise as an enema, being continuous because of the more frequent defaecations, due to the higher metabolism and therefore greater food requirements of small animals. The water acts as an enema as in man, stretching the gut-wall muscles until they contract. In prawns the rectal swallowing of water initiates and maintains intestinal antiperistalsis, which moves the swallowed water forwards in the intestine towards the thorax. A further function of the anal intake of water is thus to stretch the gut-wall muscles until they contract antiperistaltically. This is comparable with the initiation and maintenance of the heart beat in molluscs by hydrostatic pressure. In the past it has been thought that the rectal swallowing of water by Cladocera is respiratory. This opinion was apparently strengthened by experiments showing that a deficiency of dissolved oxygen increases the rate of rectal swallowing movements. These experiments have not been confirmed, and other reasons are given which make a respiratory function unlikely. Two further possible functions of the intake of water through the anus, namely the collection of salts necessary for osmoregulation, and a hydrostatic maintenance of body turgor, are discussed, tested and rejected. Water can be seen to be swallowed more or less continuously through the mouth, by rhythmic peristaltic movements of the gullet, in the majority of small and transparent Crustacea. A function of this oral drinking appears to be the same as that of anal drinking, namely to stretch the muscles of the gut wall. In Daphnia the antiperistaltic contractions of the midgut wall, which mix food and digestive enzymes, seem to be maintained by the hydrostatic pressure of water pumped into the gut by both gullet and rectum, defaecation occurring when this pressure rises to a certain value. A second function of the rhythmic oral drinking by Daphnia and perhaps other Crustacea is to force the food in the midgut back towards the rectum. The gullet and rectum of Crustacea have dilator muscles inserted into the exoskeleton. These muscles suck in water through mouth and anus, and by stretching the circular muscles they enable the latter to pump the water into the gut. Much more water is taken into the gut of Crustacea than makes its exit at defaecation. Evidence is given that this water passes through the gut wall into the blood and out of the body by way of the excretory organs.

The effect of osteopathic correction on the function of external respiration in patients after COVID -19 coronavirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
A. F. Belyaev ◽  
T. S. Kharkovskaya ◽  
O. N. Fotina ◽  
A. A. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Single Procedure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Introduction. The 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2) posed a serious threat to public health around the world. Postcoid syndrome (post-COVID-19 condition, according to ICD-10 code U09 State after COVID-19 or Postcoid state, Postcoid syndrome) is a pathological condition after a coronavirus infection, accompanied by cardio-respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, metabolic disorders. According to a number of studies, osteopathic methods of correction increase the lymph flow, immunological protection of the body, help to reduce pain, reduce the restriction of mobility in the chest, and therefore improve the function of external respiration. There are practically no studies that allow assessing the effect of osteopathic correction methods on the function of external respiration at the modern evidence-based level in patients who have undergone COVID pneumonia.The aim was to study the effect of a single procedure of osteopathic correction on the function of external respiration in patients during the rehabilitation period after coronavirus pneumonia.Materials and methods. On the basis of the Primorsky Institute of Vertebroneurology and Manual Medicine (Vladivostok) the rehabilitation of patients after coronavirus pneumonia was carried out using osteopathic correction. The study included 73 patients over the age of 60 years with varying degrees of lung damage and impaired respiratory function. To assess the function of external respiration, spirometry was performed and the vital capacity of the lungs was assessed; pulse oximetry was performed to measure the saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin with oxygen (SpO2). Osteopathic testing and treatment were carried out according to clinical guidelines, and the biomechanics of the chest was additionally investigated. The Statistica-10 software package was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained data.Results. Osteopathic examination revealed the presence of local somatic dysfunctions in 98,8 % of patients (spinal dysfunction, rib dysfunction, diaphragm dysfunction). 87,6 % of patients were diagnosed with regional somatic dysfunctions of thoracic region. Global somatic dysfunctions were diagnosed in 78,4 % of patients. After a single procedure of osteopathic correction, patients had a statistically significant improvement of the external respiration function, manifested in an increase in vital capacity from 78,27±2,79 to 85,36±3,38 % (p=0,0006). Also, the effectiveness of osteopathic correction is confirmed by a significant increase in the average hemoglobin saturation of arterial blood with oxygen. Thus, in patients with low SpO2 levels, the index increased from 94,21±0,21 to 95,09±0,3 % (p=0,02). After a single osteopathic correction procedure, the number of patients with local somatic dysfunctions decreased from 98,8 to 17,7 %; global somatic dysfunctions were revealed only in 16,3 % of patients. All patients noted an improvement in their general condition, a decrease in symptoms of respiratory discomfort and shortness of breath, and an increase in chest excursion.Conclusion. A single procedure of somatic dysfunctions' osteopathic correction in patients after coronavirus pneumonia leads to a statistically significant improvement in respiratory function. The vital capacity and the oxygen saturation of the blood increase in patients. This is caused by the increase of the mobility of the chest (increase in its excursion), diaphragm, ribs, spine. The obtained results allow recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the rehabilitation programs for patients who have undergone coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Masculinising testosterone treatment and effects on preclinical cardiovascular disease, muscle strength and power, aggression, physical fitness and respiratory function in transgender men: protocol for a 10-year, prospective, observational cohort study in Denmark at the Body Identity Clinic (BIC)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e045714
Author(s):  
Louise Lehmann Christensen ◽  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Tine Taulbjerg Kristensen ◽  
Axel Diederichsen ◽  
Guy T’Sjoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Observational Cohort

IntroductionThe number of individuals with gender dysphoria seeking gender-affirming treatment is increasing. The short-term and long-term effects of masculinising treatment with testosterone are debated as serum testosterone increases up to 20-fold compared with cisgender women. We will investigate short-term and long-term effects of masculinising testosterone treatment on preclinical and clinical coronary disease, muscle strength and power, oxygen consumption (VO2) max, cardiac and respiratory function and quality of life including aggression in transgender men.Methods and analysesProspective, single-centre, observational cohort study at the Body Identity Clinic (BIC), Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Investigations are performed at inclusion and following 1, 3, 5 and 10 years of testosterone therapy. Non-calcified coronary plaque volume and calcium score are estimated by coronary CT angiography. CT is only performed at inclusion and following 1 and 10 years. Upper body muscle strength and power are measured by a ‘low row’ weight stack resisted exercise machine. Evaluation of aggression and quality of life is assessed by questionnaires, VO2 max is estimated by maximal testing on bike ergometer, and cardiac and respiratory functions are measured by echocardiography and spirometry, respectively. Markers of cardiovascular risk and inflammation and also cortisol and cortisone are assessed in blood, diurnal urine and/or hair samples. Our cohort (BIC), including dropouts, will be an embedded subcohort in a future national registry study in all individuals with gender dysphoria and controls. Data are available on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th version diagnostic codes, prescriptions, socioeconomics and causes of death.Ethics and disseminationThe Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (S-20190108) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (19/27572) approved the study. Signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants. All findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals or at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04254354.

Repeated measurement of respiratory function and bronchoconstriction in unanesthetized mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1711-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Hessel ◽  
A. Zwart ◽  
E. Oostveen ◽  
A. J. Van Oosterhout ◽  
D. I. Blyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Transfer Impedance ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

A noninvasive forced oscillation technique was used to determine respiratory function in unanesthetized and spontaneously breathing mice. Pseudorandom noise pressure variations in a frequency range of 16–208 Hz were applied to the body surface, and the flow response was measured at the nose. From the pressure-flow relationship, respiratory transfer impedance was calculated. Study of intra-animal variability on a short- and a long-term basis revealed that the real part of respiratory transfer impedance was reproducible within 9%. The imaginary part appeared less reproducible (within 22%). Furthermore, bronchoconstrictive responses were investigated and analyzed by evaluation of respiratory resistance as measured at 16 Hz (Rrs16). During the first 15 min after ovalbumin challenge in ovalbumin-sensitized mice, Rrs16 was significantly increased [49 +/- 7% (SE)]. Inhalation of methacholine in untreated mice induced an increase in Rrs16 of 75 +/- 16% (SE). In saline-challenged animals, no significant changes were observed. This method enables evaluation of long-term respiratory function in mice and appeared to be a sensitive measure for bronchoconstriction.

scholarly journals Sensory structures of lungs and airways

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Filippova ◽  
A. D. Nozdrachev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Neuroepithelial Bodies ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Respiratory Centre ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Lungs And Airways

The оptimum realization to respiratory function depends on varied sensory feedbacks from ensemble of the sources of the body. Pulmonary sensory receptors are the initiating sites for lung reflexes. The information arriving from lungs and airways information is one of the most important feedbacks that provide the adaptation of the respiratory centre for producing of the pattern optimal in terms of work and force of breathing. In article the review of currently existing data about morphology and functional characteristics of sensitive pulmonary structures is presented: slowly adapting stretch receptors, rapidly adapting receptors, C-fiber receptors and neuroepithelial bodies.

X.—On The Accessory Respiratory Organs of Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch

1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Datta Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
The Past

Heteropneustes (Saccobranchus) fossilis Bloch. is a common airbreathing fish found in India. It possesses a respiratory sac on each side of the body embedded in the lateral myotomes. The structure of this organ, its respiratory function and the phenomenon of “drowning” when the fish is denied direct access to the air have engaged the attention of several workers in the past among whom Day (1868), Dobson (1874), Burne (1896), Das (1927), Hora (1935) and Marlier (1938) deserve mention. The only detailed account of the structure of the accessory organ of this fish is available to us from the work of Das (1927) who also paid some attention to its development. Dobson (1874) and Hora (1935) mainly concerned themselves with some experiments bearing on the “drowning” of the fish when compelled to live under water. Little information is obtainable from the existing literature on the following points which have an important bearing on evolution of its accessory respiratory organs:(i) the gross and minute structure of the respiratory sac, especially its vascularization;(ii) the origin and derivation of the accessory respiratory organs (=the “Fans” and the respiratory sac); and(iii) the muscles concerned with its breathing movements.

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