Genetic Pathways in the Evolution of Gliomas

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

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429: Genetic Pathways and New Progression Markers for Prostate Cancer Defined by Microsatellite Allelotyping

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)37691-2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 171 (4S) ◽

pp. 113-113

Author(s):

Rolf von Knobloch ◽

Lutz Konrad ◽

Peter J. Barth ◽

Heidrun Brandt ◽

Sebastian Wille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Progression Markers

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Human Handedness and Scalp Hair-Whorl Direction Develop From a Common Genetic Mechanism

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/165.1.269 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 269-276

Author(s):

Amar J S Klar

Keyword(s):

Scalp Hair ◽

Single Gene ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Genetic Mechanism ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Left Hand ◽

Learned Behavior ◽

Random Mixture

Abstract Theories concerning the cause of right- or left-hand preference in humans vary from purely learned behavior, to solely genetics, to a combination of the two mechanisms. The cause of handedness and its relation to the biologically specified scalp hair-whorl rotation is determined here. The general public, consisting of mostly right-handers (RH), shows counterclockwise whorl rotation infrequently in 8.4% of individuals. Interestingly, non-right-handers (NRH, i.e., left-handers and ambidextrous) display a random mixture of clockwise and counterclockwise swirling patterns. Confirming this finding, in another independent sample of individuals chosen because of their counterclockwise rotation, one-half of them are NRH. These findings of coupling in RH and uncoupling in NRH unequivocally establish that these traits develop from a common genetic mechanism. Another result concerning handedness of the progeny of discordant monozygotic twins suggests that lefties are one gene apart from righties. Together, these results suggest (1) that a single gene controls handedness, whorl orientation, and twin concordance and discordance and (2) that neuronal and visceral (internal organs) forms of bilateral asymmetry are coded by separate sets of genetic pathways. The sociological impact of the study is discussed.

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Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes Associated with MERS-CoV Infection in Dromedaries

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1291

Author(s):

Sara Lado ◽

Jean P. Elbers ◽

Martin Plasil ◽

Tom Loney ◽

Pia Weidinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Immune Genes ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Potential Association ◽

Host Genetic ◽

Human Infections

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has refocused attention to the betacoronaviruses, only eight years after the emergence of another zoonotic betacoronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While the wild source of SARS-CoV-2 may be disputed, for MERS-CoV, dromedaries are considered as source of zoonotic human infections. Testing 100 immune-response genes in 121 dromedaries from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for potential association with present MERS-CoV infection, we identified candidate genes with important functions in the adaptive, MHC-class I (HLA-A-24-like) and II (HLA-DPB1-like), and innate immune response (PTPN4, MAGOHB), and in cilia coating the respiratory tract (DNAH7). Some of these genes previously have been associated with viral replication in SARS-CoV-1/-2 in humans, others have an important role in the movement of bronchial cilia. These results suggest similar host genetic pathways associated with these betacoronaviruses, although further work is required to better understand the MERS-CoV disease dynamics in both dromedaries and humans.

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Androgenic Induction of Growth and Differentiation in the Rodent Uterus Involves the Modulation of Estrogen-Regulated Genetic Pathways

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2004-1132 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 146 (2) ◽

pp. 564-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Pascale V. Nantermet ◽

Patricia Masarachia ◽

Michael A. Gentile ◽

Brenda Pennypacker ◽

Jian Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Pathways

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Alternate molecular genetic pathways in ovarian carcinomas of common histological types

Yearbook of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/s1077-9108(08)70624-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 146-148

Author(s):

A.V. Parwani

Keyword(s):

Molecular Genetic ◽

Ovarian Carcinomas ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Histological Types

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Transcriptional analysis of the response of C. elegans to ethanol exposure

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90282-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mark G. Sterken ◽

Marijke H. van Wijk ◽

Elizabeth C. Quamme ◽

Joost A. G. Riksen ◽

Lucinda Carnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Ethanol Exposure ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

C Elegans ◽

Chronic Ethanol Consumption ◽

Transcriptional Changes

AbstractEthanol-induced transcriptional changes underlie important physiological responses to ethanol that are likely to contribute to the addictive properties of the drug. We examined the transcriptional responses of Caenorhabditis elegans across a timecourse of ethanol exposure, between 30 min and 8 h, to determine what genes and genetic pathways are regulated in response to ethanol in this model. We found that short exposures to ethanol (up to 2 h) induced expression of metabolic enzymes involved in metabolizing ethanol and retinol, while longer exposure (8 h) had much more profound effects on the transcriptome. Several genes that are known to be involved in the physiological response to ethanol, including direct ethanol targets, were regulated at 8 h of exposure. This longer exposure to ethanol also resulted in the regulation of genes involved in cilia function, which is consistent with an important role for the effects of ethanol on cilia in the deleterious effects of chronic ethanol consumption in humans. Finally, we found that food deprivation for an 8-h period induced gene expression changes that were somewhat ameliorated by the presence of ethanol, supporting previous observations that worms can use ethanol as a calorie source.

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Mitophagy, at the crossroads of genetic pathways involved in sarcoidosis and host-pathogen interactions with SARS-COV2 proteins

10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa699 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alain Calender ◽

Dominique Valeyre ◽

Jérome Lamartine ◽

Fabien Chevalier ◽

Dominique Sigaudo Roussel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Pathogen Interactions ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Host Pathogen

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DAF-9, a cytochrome P450 regulatingC. eleganslarval development and adult longevity

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.129.1.221 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 221-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kailiang Jia ◽

Patrice S. Albert ◽

Donald L. Riddle

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Larval Development ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽

Adult Longevity ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

Cellular Specificity

The daf-9 gene functions to integrate transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like signaling pathways to regulate Caenorhabditis elegans larval development. Mutations in daf-9 result in transient dauer-like larval arrest, abnormal reproductive development, molting defects and increased adult longevity. The phenotype is sterol-dependent, and dependent on the activity of DAF-12, a nuclear hormone receptor. Genetic tests show that daf-9 is upstream of daf-12 in the genetic pathways for larval development and adult longevity. daf-9 encodes a cytochrome P450 related to those involved in biosynthesis of steroid hormones in mammals. We propose that it specifies a step in the biosynthetic pathway for a DAF-12 ligand, which might be a steroid. The surprising cellular specificity of daf-9 expression (predominantly in two sensory neurons) supports a previously unrecognized role for these cells in neuroendocrine control of larval development, reproduction and life span.

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The genetic control of the distinction between fat body and gonadal mesoderm in Drosophila

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.4.713 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 713-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Riechmann ◽

K.P. Rehorn ◽

R. Reuter ◽

M. Leptin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Early Development ◽

Fat Body ◽

Homeotic Gene ◽

Dorsoventral Patterning ◽

Genetic Pathways ◽

The Third ◽

Body Development ◽

Visceral Muscles ◽

Somatic Muscles

The somatic muscles, the heart, the fat body, the somatic part of the gonad and most of the visceral muscles are derived from a series of segmentally repeated primordia in the Drosophila mesoderm. This work describes the early development of the fat body and its relationship to the gonadal mesoderm, as well as the genetic control of the development of these tissues. Segmentation and dorsoventral patterning genes define three regions in each parasegment in which fat body precursors can develop. Fat body progenitors in these regions are specified by different genetic pathways. Two regions require engrailed and hedgehog for their development while the third is controlled by wingless. decapentaplegic and one or more unknown genes determine the dorsoventral extent of these regions. In each of parasegments 10–12 one of these regions generates somatic gonadal precursors instead of fat body. The balance between fat body and somatic gonadal fate in these serially homologous cell clusters is controlled by at least five genes. We suggest a model in which tinman, engrailed and wingless are necessary to permit somatic gonadal develoment, while serpent counteracts the effects of these genes and promotes fat body development. The homeotic gene abdominalA limits the region of serpent activity by interfering in a mutually repressive feed back loop between gonadal and fat body development.

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