Communication between friends

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Dan O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Intimate Friend ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Normative Constraint

One kind of successful communication involves the transmission of knowledge from speaker to hearer. Such testimonial knowledge transmission is usually seen as conforming to three widely held epistemological approaches: reliabilism, impartialism and evidentialism. First, a speaker must be a reliable testifier in order that she transmits knowledge, and reliability is cashed out in terms of her likelihood of speaking the truth. Second, if a certain speaker's testimony has sufficient epistemic weight to be believed by hearer1, then it should also be believed by hearer2. Third, the normative constraint here is evidentially grounded: whether or not a hearer should believe a speaker depends on the evidence the hearer has that the speaker is telling the truth. I argue that there are cases of testimonial knowledge transmission that are incompatible with these three claims. This is when one accepts the testimony of an intimate friend.

scholarly journals A Correlation Study between Social Capital and Knowledge Management with Emphasis on the Human Capital - The Case Study: Payame Noor University of Hormozgan (Bandarabbas)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Mansooreh Dastranj
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge

<p>Universities because of the importance and position they play in the every countries’ socio-economic development, require attention to personnel social capital at the university, because the social capital, makes effective knowledge management possible.</p><p>With respect to the importance of social and human capital and knowledge management, the present study was done to explore the relationship between social capital and knowledge management with emphasis on the human capital.<strong> </strong></p><p>This research is survey- descriptive of correlation type and the required data were collected through library-field. The subjects in this study consist of Payame Noor University staff of Hormozgan province.</p><p>In this study, 54 staff of Bandar Abbas Payame Noor University were selected through random sampling. After gathering the required data through knowledge management questionnaire, knowledge management processes were measured based on the five dimensions such as the capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. In order to provide for the reliability of the questionaire cronbachs alpha was used. In order to check the significance of the difference between responses descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression, one way anova and t test were run using SPSS version 20. The result show that the staff means score of knowledge management was 76/66±20/48. The result shows that there was a significant relationship between social capital and knowledge management. Also there was a significant relationship between social capital and the five components of knowledge management such as capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. Also there was a significant relationship between human capital and the component of knowledge management.</p>

Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 464-502
Author(s):  
Michal Biran
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe destruction of the Baghdadi libraries has been a powerful image connected to the Mongol conquest of 1258, often claimed to have precipitated the decline of Muslim civilization. This study, however, challenges this claim by reconstructing the state of libraries in Ilkhanid Baghdad, revealing a thriving intellectual community. Based on a close reading in Arabic biographical dictionaries and analysis of samāʿ and book lists, it elucidates the functions of libraries in Ilkhanid Baghdad, identifies channels of knowledge transmission, and offers a glimpse of the libraries’ holdings. Finally, it analyzes the Mongols’ role in invigorating local scholarship and the impact their rule had on Baghdad’s intellectual life.

Communication in online fan communities: The ethics of intimate strangers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE A. JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Belief States ◽  
Special Case

Dan O'Brien gives an excellent analysis of testimonial knowledge transmission in his article 'Communication Between Friends' (2009) noting that the reliability of the speaker is a concern in both externalist and internalist theories of knowledge. O'Brien focuses on the belief states of Hearers (H) in cases where the reliability of the Speaker (S) is known via 'intimate trust', a special case pertaining to friendships with a track record of reliable or unreliable reports. This article considers the notion of 'intimate trust', specifically in the context of online fan communities, in which the amount of time as a member of an online fan community and the extent of one's posting history often results in something like 'intimate trust' between fans who are, for all other purposes, strangers. In the last two years, Twitter has provided a number of celebrities with a place to update fans and 'tweet' back and forth an innumerable number of times in any given day. This accentuates the intimacy to such a level that it becomes a 'caricature of intimacy' - the minute-to-minute updates accentuate the illusion that the fan 'knows' the celebrity, but the distance and mediation are still carefully maintained. This is an issue with both ethical and epistemological implications for fan-fan and fan-celebrity relationships online, considering ethics of care and ethics of justice, whether fans 'owe' celebrities a certain amount of distance and respect, and whether stars owe the fan something in return, either in the sense of reciprocal Kantian duties or Aristotelian moderation.

scholarly journals Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Dadvar ◽  
Roya Rouzbahani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference

<p>Nature has always been an important element of myths and religions and had a different standing within ideologies. Because various factors have been involved in creation of myths, this research aims to clarify the role of nature in creation of Iranian myths. Generally, the structure of Iranian myth is a kind of belief in duality of nature, in human and in the conflict forces existing in the world which best are expressed in the continued conflict between good and evil forces. Iran is a country with varied natural geography and can be called the land of great conflicts, so this paper aims to investigate the role of nature in the creation of Iranian myths and determine the effective natural and mythological forces. Data gathered by the documentary method and the research was performed by a descriptive, adaptive and analysis method. According to the results, this research concludes that natural elements play a significant role in the Iranian myth.</p><p>llected through library-field. The subjects in this study consist of Payame Noor University staff of Hormozgan province.</p><p> </p><p>In this study, 54 staff of Bandar Abbas Payame Noor University were selected through random sampling. After gathering the required data through knowledge management questionnaire, knowledge management processes were measured based on the five dimensions such as the capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. In order to provide for the reliability of the questionaire cronbachs alpha was used. In order to check the significance of the difference between responses descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression, one way anova and t test were run using SPSS version 20. The result show that the staff means score of knowledge management was 76/66±20/48. The result shows that there was a significant relationship between social capital and knowledge management. Also there was a significant relationship between social capital and the five components of knowledge management such as capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. Also there was a significant relationship between human capital and the component of knowledge management.</p>

Epistemic Authority, Testimony and the Transmission of Knowledge

Episteme ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Keren
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common

I present an account of what it is to trust a speaker, and argue that the account can explain the common intuitions which structure the debate about the transmission view of testimony. According to the suggested account, to trust a speaker is to grant her epistemic authority on the asserted proposition, and hence to see her opinion as issuing a second order, preemptive reason for believing the proposition. The account explains the intuitive appeal of the basic principle associated with the transmission view of testimony: the principle according to which, a listener can normally obtain testimonial knowledge that p by believing a speaker who testifies that p only if the speaker knows that p. It also explains a common response to counterexamples to this principle: that these counterexamples do not involve normal cases of testimonial knowledge.

scholarly journals Considerações em torno de dois modelos-limites de Ensino

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
José Costa D'Assunção Barros
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Models

<p>Propõe-se desenvolver uma argumentação em torno da oposição entre dois modelos limites de ensino – tema que se encontra em permanente debate: o ensino que se ampara na ideia de transmissão de conhecimento, e o ensino que se ampara na ideia de produção de conhecimento. O texto não propõe discutir bibliografia sobre o tema e seus assuntos correlatos, mas apenas apresentar algumas posições do autor no sentido de estimular o debate em torno de uma questão que está sempre em pauta na prática cotidiana do ensino.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>It is proposed to develop an argumentation, in relation to a permanent debate, about the opposition between two models of Education: that based in the idea of transmission of knowledge, and that based on the notion of production of knowledge. The text does not proposes to discuss bibliography about the theme and its correlated aspects, bur only to present some positions of the author in the sense of to stimulate the debate around a question that is ever present in the quotidian practice of Education.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Production of Knowledge. Transmission of Knowledge. Models of Education.</p>

scholarly journals Fostering creativity through the active learning model Kanban2C

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Fostering Creativity

To many instructors, the cultivation of creative and reflective thinking contradicts a main aim of most university classes, the transmission of knowledge. The roots of this imagined opposition, thinking versus knowledge-transmission, is old. In the modern era, it originated early in the twentieth century when progressives, wanting to foster thinking skills, broke ranks with traditional instructors focused on the transmission of knowledge. Imagining creative thinking and knowledge acquisition as opposites, however, diminishes the importance of both. Knowledge is central to understanding contexts with potential value, while creative thinking skills are necessary to producing originality within (and thus enhancing) those contexts. Creativity requires both: originality and value.This session has two aims. The first is for participants to understand the main elements of creative thinking. Grounded in research, the theoretical half of the session will cross disciplinary boundaries, as creativity in any discipline rests on the same elements of thinking. The second aim is for participants to experience an active learning model called Kanban2C (Kanban-to-Creativity), which fosters elements of creative thinking. Grounded in practice, this flexible instructional model – suitable for use in many disciplines – demonstrates how elements of creative thinking can develop in content-specific (knowledge-transmission) contexts. This session will be interactive and include several different hands-on creativity exercises to explore key elements of creativity. Then, participants will experience Kanban2C: work cooperatively, move around, think creatively, and, in the process, learn how to foster creativity while transmitting knowledge. Afterwards, participants will brainstorm ways to apply Kanban2C to their academic discipline.  

scholarly journals Optimizing Outcome in the University-Industry Technology Transfer Projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Hamed Alavi ◽  
Patrycja Hąbek
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Technology Transfer Process ◽  
Academic Inventors ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Right ◽  
University Industry

AbstractTransferring inventions of academic scientists to private enterprises for the purpose of commercialization is long known as University-Industry (firm) Technology Transfer While the importance of this phenomenon is simultaneously raising in public and private sector, only a part of patented academic inventions succeed in passing the process of commercialization. Despite the fact that formal Technology Transfer process and licencing of patented innovations to third party is the main legal tool for safeguarding rights of academic inventors in commercialization of their inventions, it is not sufficient for transmitting tacit knowledge which is necessary in exploitation of transferred technology. Existence of reciprocal and complementary relations between formal and informal technology transfer process has resulted in formation of different models for university-industry organizational collaboration or even integration where licensee firms keep contact with academic inventors after gaining legal right for commercialization of their patented invention. Current paper argues that despite necessity for patents to legally pass the right of commercialization of an invention, they are not sufficient for complete knowledge transmission in the process of technology transfer. Lack of efficiency of formal mechanism to end the Technology Transfer loop makes an opportunity to create innovative interpersonal and organizational connections among patentee and licensee company. With emphasize on need for further elaboration of informal mechanisms as critical and underappreciated aspect of technology transfer process, article will try to answer the questions of how to optimize knowledge transmission process in the framework of University-Industry Technology Transfer Projects? What is the theoretical basis for university-industry technology transfer process? What are organization collaborative models which can enhance overall performance by improving transmission of knowledge in University- Firm Technology Transfer process?

scholarly journals “Sports Maternalism”, to Train and Take Care: Ethnographic Investigation in Baton Twirling Clubs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shia Manh Ly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Women And Children

This article is the result of an ethnographic work on baton twirling clubs in Switzerland: clubs with few members coming from a modest origin, offering a social and physical activity with little resonance, composed of children, and young girls. The supervision is mainly the responsibility of close volunteers: family members, friends or neighbors and, for the majority of them, women. It is therefore an environment where people know each other, where gestures of familiarity are the rule and where tensions may sometimes arise due to various conflicts of proximity. Baton twirling is based on a public display of participants and the competitive aspiration for a self-presentation that solicits feminine stereotypes. It shows sociabilities and socialities framed by gender and age relationships: within clubs, knowledge transmission and childcare are combined in women's practices. The relationships between women and children transcend learning relationships. These relationships, which go beyond a vertical transmission of knowledge, call for approaches inspired by the theories of care. What is the meaning of these relationships based on women's care from the point of view of sociality and in relation to the institution of sport? This is the main question that will be addressed here. Approaches of care emphasize accompaniment, maintenance. They seem to be a good way to identify the contours of a “sports maternalism” which makes such a commitment valid while at the same time conferring legitimacy on a sports practice that is poorly considered.

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