scholarly journals New Public Excavations

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Virginia Mannering ◽  
Tom Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
New Public ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The paper draws on recent salvage archaeological excavations in Melbourne, Australia that prompt questions on architectural concerns of ‘site’ in contemporary architectural discourse. For design practitioners, site is usually communicated in direct and straightforward ways, with some practical understanding of the physical forces that form the current site, but little of influencing political or cultural elements. This is particularly problematic in settler-colonial cities such as Melbourne which are built out of complex and contested environments. The urban archaeological excavation is therefore seen as a metaphorical ‘autopsy,’ a brief moment of pause when the site’s history and composition can be publicly examined and challenged. Crucially, the act exposes the significant and potent presence of ground and dirt as actants in the city. This paper examines archaeological and architectural texts and practices to explore the added meaning that a refocusing on dirt and ground as material and medium can add to the architectural reading and interpretation of site in the settler‑colonial city.

scholarly journals Diachronic modeling of the population within the medieval Greater Angkor Region settlement complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. eabf8441
Author(s):  
Sarah Klassen ◽  
Alison K. Carter ◽  
Damian H. Evans ◽  
Scott Ortman ◽  
Miriam T. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The City

Angkor is one of the world’s largest premodern settlement complexes (9th to 15th centuries CE), but to date, no comprehensive demographic study has been completed, and key aspects of its population and demographic history remain unknown. Here, we combine lidar, archaeological excavation data, radiocarbon dates, and machine learning algorithms to create maps that model the development of the city and its population growth through time. We conclude that the Greater Angkor Region was home to approximately 700,000 to 900,000 inhabitants at its apogee in the 13th century CE. This granular, diachronic, paleodemographic model of the Angkor complex can be applied to any ancient civilization.

scholarly journals Carnavalesk taalgebruik en de constructie van lokale identiteiten

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie M.E.A. Cornips ◽  
Vincent de Rooij ◽  
Irene Stengs
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This article aims to encourage the interdisciplinary study of ‘languaculture,’ an approach to language and culture in which ideology, linguistic and cultural forms, as well as praxis are studied in relation to one another. An integrated analysis of the selection of linguistic and cultural elements provides insight into how these choices arise from internalized norms and values, and how people position themselves toward received categories and hegemonic ideologies. An interdisciplinary approach will stimulate a rethinking of established concepts and methods of research. It will also lead to a mutual strengthening of linguistic, sociolinguistic, and anthropological research. This contribution focuses on Limburg and the linguistic political context of this Southern-Netherlands region where people are strongly aware of their linguistic distinctiveness. The argument of the paper is based on a case study of languaculture, viz. the carnivalesque song ‘Naar Talia’ (To Italy) by the Getske Boys from the city of Heerlen.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Role of Lifestyle in Urban Tourism Sustainable Development (Case Study: Esfahan City)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Arghavan Momtazpour ◽  
Masoud Taghvaei ◽  
Neda Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The City

Since urban space is one of the important places that tourism takes place, in order to create stability in tourism, the interaction between tourism planning and urban sustainable development should be investigated with regard to cultural elements. Lifestyle is derived from culture as a social phenomenon and affects it and is a reflection of human thoughts in relation with behavior, ethics and culture. Therefore, this aim of this research is to investigate the role of lifestyle in urban tourism sustainable development in Esfahan city, the third most populous city in Iran. This research’s goal is Practical and developmental and about the origin and method, it is descriptive, analytical and casual that has been done in a field research method. The statistical populations of this research are: tourism custodians, tourism experts, national tourists who have travelled to Esfahan city and local residents of all 15 municipal districts of the city. Simple random sampling method was utilized and 838 questionnaires were gathered from 4 statistical populations. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis test was utilized by smart PLS software. The results show that there are meaningful connections among the variables “lifestyle”, “sustainable development” and “urban tourism”. The most frequent factor that was selected by respondents for the concept of lifestyle in the statistical population was sociocultural factor (such as: visiting relatives and friends and attending soirees, traditional foods and drinks festivals, the desirability of Esfahan city in order to spend leisure time, the willingness toward group entertainment). For the concept “urban tourism”, all the populations chose urban texture significantly (such as: revival of workshops for producing traditional clothes, hand-made attractions, systematizing historical areas, developing sidewalk routes, constructing modern entertaining centers and systematizing landscapes and providing equipment for parks). About the sustainable development and its multi-dimensional nature, however, different factors were selected by respondents which in order of importance and frequency are economic, environmental, urban management, sociocultural, urban texture and political factors. Among the recommendations, a few can be stated: arranging cultural plans with a focus on soiree and elders’ reunions, holding traditional and religious festivals in different parts of the city, improving the condition of the existing theme parks and diversifying leisure and entertainment facilities of Esfahan city and pitching in municipal management and being parallel with plans of different organization in city. Especially by mayoralty as a trustee for city and cultural heritage could be mentioned as a tourism trustee.

West Hollywood as Symbol: The Significance of Place in the Construction of a Gay Identity

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Forest
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
West Hollywood ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Aesthetic Sensibility ◽  
The City

The 1984 municipal incorporation of West Hollywood, California offers an opportunity to explore two related themes: (1) the role of place in the creation of identity generally, and (2) the role of place in the creation of sexual identity in particular. Work on the second subject has largely concentrated on the political economy of gay territories, although there has been an ongoing concern with the symbolic importance of these places. Although these studies have provided valuable insights on these themes, they do not reflect the renewed concern in humanistic geography with the normative importance of place, and the study of morally valued ways of life. These latter topics provide alternative avenues into questions of identity. In the coverage of the incorporation campaign, the gay press presented an idealized image of the city. In defining a new gay identity, the gay press utilized the holistic quality of place to weave together the ‘natural’ and cultural elements of West Hollywood. This idealized ‘gay city’ united the place's real and imagined physical attributes with social and personal characteristics of gay men. More simply, the qualities of the city itself expressed intellectual and moral virtues, such that characterizations of the city became part of a narrative defining the meaning of ‘gay’. This new gay male identity included seven elements: creativity, aesthetic sensibility, an orientation toward entertainment or consumption, progressiveness, responsibility, maturity, and centrality. The effort to create an identity centered on West Hollywood was relatively conservative in the sense that it was not a fundamental challenge to existing social and political systems. Rather, it reflected a strategy based on an ethnicity model, seeking to ‘demarginalize’ gays and to bring them closer to the symbolic ‘center’ of US society.

scholarly journals Le délicat problème des restes humains en archéologie

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Philippe Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The problem I am interested in is above all that of the biomedical management of human remains in archaeology, these ancient artifacts “unlike any other”, these “atypical patients”. In the following text, I will examine, with an interdisciplinary perspective (anthropological, philosophical and medical), how it is possible to work on human remains in archaeology, but also how to manage their storage after study. Working in archaeology is already a political problem (in the Greek sense of the word, i.e., it literally involves the city), and one could refer directly to Laurent Olivier’s work on the politics of archaeological excavations during the Third Reich and the spread of Nazi ideology based on excavation products and anthropological studies. But in addition, working on human remains can also pose political problems, and we paid the price in my team when we worked on Robespierre’s death mask (the reconstruction of the face having created a real scandal on the part of the French far left) but also when we worked on Henri IV’s head (its identification having considerably revived the historical clan quarrel between Orléans and Bourbon). Working on human remains is therefore anything but insignificant.

scholarly journals What is the quality of a city? Ways of thinking spaces that change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Contin ◽  
◽  
Valentina Galiulo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
City Size ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
New Public ◽  
Optimal City Size ◽  
Performance Dimensions ◽  
Living Related ◽  
The City

Understanding the effects of a metropolis' changes in scale - the rate of growth and its speed - rather than pursuing the search for optimal city size, is mandatory. The New Urban Agenda discussed performance dimensions of the contemporary city’s functioning mode, knowing that place quality derives from a mutual effect with the society that uses it. However, our research focuses on how city performance dimensions can be measured to establish the values of the metropolitan form that are capable of endowing metropolitan projects with meaning. The Metropolitan Paradigm of inter-scalar connection and the Metropolitan Architecture Project Hybrid Typology are the references to measure the metropolis’ performance. The Metropolitan Paradigm concerns the five city dimensions: physical, economic, energetic, social and governance. In particular, the aim of the paper is to study the physical metropolitan framework and its impact on the lives of metropolitan inhabitants, socio-economic flows and the meaning of the concept of "environment" today. The city is still analysed as a spatial phenomenon represented by data/quantities related to space. Nevertheless, the value of form plays a fundamental role within the Metropolitan Discipline at all scales, as spatial relationships within metropolitan settlements are increasingly not metric but relational. In conclusion, we study the connection between history and geography, environmental issues, the Metropolitan Structural Paradigm, and the new Public Realm heterogeneous elements to represent the metropolitan quality and living-related values that constitute the Metropolitan Democracy’s opportunity.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF ARTISTIC GLAZED CERAMICS OF DERBENT OF THE END VIII-X CENTURIES. (on the example of materials from excavations XXVII and XXXIII)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-759
Author(s):  
Zuhra Z. Kuzeeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Set ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Opaque Glaze ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
The City ◽  
Household Ceramics ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The article is devoted to the classification analysis of the glazed ceramics of Derbent, originating from the materials of archaeological excavations (excavations XXVII and XXXIII), carried out in 2014-2015. in the city. The chronological framework of the study was presumably determined by the end of the VIII-X centuries. The relevance of the topic is characterized by the importance of studying the glazed ceramics of Derbent as a source of a large set of information (historical, cultural and socio-economic interactions of Derbent with a wide range of countries of the Near and Far Abroad).Typology of glazed ceramics in Derbent at the end of the 8th-10th centuries is considered in the article on the basis of modern methodological developments based on three main approaches to the study of any ceramics: the study of technology together with the morphology and decor of the dishes. All investigated ceramics, consisting of fragments of rims, bodies, bases and handles of vessels, are included in one large Section - Household ceramics. This section includes three sections, which are based on the analysis of the clay color of the shard (red clay, brown clay, beige clay ceramics), which determines the technology for the production of dishes. Based on the presence or absence of engobe on ceramics, two subsections are allocated in each department. The next division is the groups that are formed according to the degree of transparency of the opaque glaze. There are three of them: ceramics with transparent, translucent, opaque (dull) glaze. Within some groups, four subgroups are additionally distinguished, determined by the color of the glaze. According to the peculiarities of the additional decor, the types (overglaze, underglaze ornament) and subtypes (painting, engraving, combination of painting with engraving, relief ornament) of ceramics are distinguished. Thus, the characteristics of the glazed ceramics of Derbent from these excavations include: Section, department, sub-department, group, subgroup, type, subtype.

scholarly journals Balsa, Topografia e Urbanismo de uma Cidade Portuária

2020 ◽  
pp. 1399-1412
Author(s):  
Vítor Silva Dias ◽  
João Pedro Bernardes ◽  
Celso Candeias ◽  
Cristina Tété Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Ria Formosa ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
The Way

Geophysical surveys, field walking prospections and archaeological excavations recently carried out and still ongoing under the project, “Balsa, searching the origins of Algarve”, have allowed us to know more about this ancient city, namely by assessing what is still preserved and / or what it will have been destroyed, the extension of the city, some of its urban and topographic realities or, definitively eliminating hypotheses of archaeological realities that, evidently, never existed. Based on a multivariate methodology and using different technologies and specialists, the results of the work already carried out allowed us to attest that the city is smaller than was supposed, extending along a narrow strip along the Ria Formosa; they also allowed to know the orientation of the urban plan, the location and extent of its main necropolis, the location of the forum, as well as some aspects of the way the city has evolved.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN MEDIEVAL MOSCOW (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN THE MOSCOW KREMLIN IN 2016-2018)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Лебедева ◽  
А.Ю. Сергеев
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

В статье представлены результаты археоботанических исследований в Московском Кремле и обсуждается проблема использования растений жителями города с особым акцентом на потреблении зерновой продукции. Материалы рассматриваются по двум хронологическим выборкам (XII - перв. пол. XIII в. и втор. пол. XIII - XV в.), что позволяет проследить динамику изменения археоботанических спектров. Выделяются три специфические черты, характеризующие коллекцию зерновых в Москве. Во-первых, высокая насыщенность зерном культурного слоя во-вторых, стабильно высокий показатель доли ржи на протяжении столетий (ок. 70 ) и, в-третьих, остающийся непонятным факт сокращения на 10 доли овса в поздней выборке. Последнее, по мнению авторов, противоречит логике развития города, требующей увеличения фуражных запасов для лошадей - основного транспортного средства средневековья. Авторы приходят к выводу, что при отсутствии или скудости находок экзотических растений, выступающих маркерами элитного питания в европейских городах, в средневековой Руси в этом качестве могут интерпретироваться обычные зерновые культуры, в частности - мягкая пшеница. The paper presents the results of archaeobotanical studies in the Moscow Kremlin and discusses the use of plants by the city residents with a focus on consumption of crops. The analysis is based on two chronological selections (the 12th - first half of the 13th centuries and the first half of the 13th - 15th centuries) it gives an insight into the changes over time of archaeobotanical spectra. Three specific features characterizing the crop grains in Moscow are singled out. Firstly, abundance of crop plants in the occupation layers secondly, consistently high values of the rye share in total crops throughout centuries (around 70 ) and, thirdly, the reduction in the share of oats by 10 in the later sample for some inexplicable reasons. In the view of the authors, the latter fact contradicts the logical development of the city that required increase in forage reserves for horses which was the main animal for transportation in the medieval times. The authors come to the conclusion that in the absence or scarcity of exotic plant finds used as markers of luxury food in European cities, common grain crops such as bread wheat can be used as elite food indicator in Medieval Russia.

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