scholarly journals Beneficios de los compuestos bioactivos del mangostán en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: Revisión narrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Navarro-González ◽  
Pedro Andreo-Martínez ◽  
Nuria García-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Estrés Oxidativo

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa irreversible, acompañada de pérdida de memoria y de déficit neurocognitivo progresivo. Los cambios fisiopatológicos asociados a esta enfermedad son la formación extracelular de depósitos de placas del péptido insoluble ß-amiloide, la hiperfosforilación de la proteína tau formando ovillos neurofibrilares, además de neuroinflamación, estrés oxidativo, alteración del metabolismo energético, pérdida de neuronas y sinapsis en el cerebro. La patogénesis de la EA no es conocida en su totalidad porque es multifactorial. Por lo tanto, no existe un tratamiento preventivo exitoso. En este sentido, existe un reciente interés sobre los compuestos bioactivos presentes en productos naturales y hierbas medicinales para el tratamiento de la EA por sus efectos beneficiosos. El mangostán, Garcinia mangostana L (familia de Guttifereae), es un árbol tropical que produce una fruta comestible con un sabor dulce y picante; cuyo pericarpio es una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, que han mostrado una excelente actividad farmacológica. El pericarpio del mangostán se ha utilizado en la medicina tradicional contra varias enfermedades como úlceras, infecciones de la piel, diarrea o heridas. Muchos estudios han reportado que el pericarpio del mangostán contiene compuestos fenólicos, vitaminas (B1, B2, C) y otras sustancias bioactivas. Las xantonas y sus derivados pertenecen a la familia de los polifenoles, y están muy presentes en el mangostán. Se ha demostrado que poseen una amplia actividad biológica como antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, anticancerígenos, antimicrobianos y actividades neuroprotectoras tanto en estudios in vitro como in vivo. La evidencia científica sugiere que las xantonas (obtenidas de pericarpio del mangostán) pueden atenuar la neurotoxicidad y algunos de los cambios fisiopatológicos asociados con la EA en modelos celulares y animales. En la presente revisión, se describe el estado actual del potencial efecto terapéutico del extracto del mangostán y las xantonas en modelos celulares y animales en la EA, describiendo también los efectos observados y las vías moleculares propuestas.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Oxidative Neurotoxicity and Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by γ-Mangostin: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmun Lee ◽  
Sunyoung Kim ◽  
Yeonsoo Oh ◽  
Young-Mi Kim ◽  
Young-Won Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana

Among a series of xanthones identified from mangosteen, the fruit of Garcinia mangostana L. (Guttifereae), α- and γ-mangostins are known to be major constituents exhibiting diverse biological activities. However, the effects of γ-mangostin on oxidative neurotoxicity and impaired memory are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the protective effect of γ-mangostin on oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death and its underlying action mechanism(s) were investigated and compared to that of α-mangostin using primary cultured rat cortical cells. In addition, the effect of orally administered γ-mangostin on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was evaluated in mice. We found that γ-mangostin exhibited prominent protection against H2O2- or xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative neuronal death and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation triggered by these oxidative insults. In contrast, α-mangostin had no effects on the oxidative neuronal damage or associated ROS production. We also found that γ-mangostin, not α-mangostin, significantly inhibited H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and activation of caspases 3 and 9, demonstrating its antiapoptotic action. In addition, only γ-mangostin was found to effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation and DPPH radical formation, while both mangostins inhibited β-secretase activity. Furthermore, we observed that the oral administration of γ-mangostin at dosages of 10 and 30 mg/kg markedly improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Collectively, these results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidences for the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects of γ-mangostin. Multiple mechanisms underlying this neuroprotective action were suggested in this study. Based on our findings, γ-mangostin could serve as a potentially preferable candidate over α-mangostin in combatting oxidative stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Antiurolithiatic Evaluation of α- Mangostin Fraction Isolated from Garcinia mangostana Pericarp through Computational, in vitro and in vivo Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Akash Kumaran ◽  
Prabhu Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oxalate Oxidase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fruit Pericarp

Background: The aqueous crude extract of Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp was already proven to contain antiurolithiatic property. Based on this previous study the current study was focused on analysing the anti-urolithiatic property of α- mangostin, a xanthone polyphenol isolated from the fruit pericarp of G. manostana, which has not been tested for its anti-urolithiatic property till now. Objective: The aim of this present study is to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic property of the isolated α- mangostin from G. mangostana fruit pericarp using in silico, in vitro and in vivo analysis. Study Design: Antiurolithiatic activity of α- mangostin through Molecular docking study à In vitro S.S.M model study à Animal studies. Place and Duration: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No.1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Kancheepuram Dt, TN-602117, India. Materials and Methods: In silico Molecular docking of α- mangostin with Kidney stone forming proteins- Xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh), Oxalate oxidase and Tamm-Horesefall Protein (THP) were performed using AutoDock 4.0 and was visualised in Discovery studio software. In vitro Simultaneous Static flow Model (S.S.M) was performed to investigate its Antiurolithiatic property against Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) and Calcium Phosphate (CaP) crystals. Based on the in silico and in vitro analysis, the study was extrapolated to Ethylene Glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis rat models. The animal study was performed with 36 Albino Wistar rats which were divided into 6 groups. All group except group I received EG (0.75% in drinking water) for the induction of Urolithiasis for 28 days under curative regimen. Group III was administered orally with Cystone (750 mg/kg) from 15th to 28thday. Group IV to VI was administered orally with GMPE (300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg) from 15thto 28th day. Results: Molecular Docking studies showed an inhibitory interaction of α- mangostin with oxalate oxidase, Xdh and THP with binding affinity of -4.47, -4.00 and -3.41 Kcal/mol respectively. S.S.M showed 54.71% inhibition for CaOx crystals and 62.21% inhibition of CaP crystals. The animal studies showed significant results in reduction of serum calcium (P<0.01), serum phosphate (P<0.01), urine calcium(P<0.001) and urine phosphate(P<0.01). Conclusion: Thus, α- mangostin proved to be potent Anti-urolithiatic agent by reducing and disintegrating the urinary crystals.

scholarly journals Efectos de los productos de glicación avanzada (AGEs) y la metformina sobre el hueso; estudios in vitro e in vivo

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Verónica Arnol
Keyword(s):  
Estrés Oxidativo

La hipótesis de este trabajo de tesis es que tanto <i>in vitro</i> como <i>in vivo</i>, el tratamiento con Metformina podría proteger y/o bloquear los efectos deletéreos de los AGEs sobre el hueso. Objetivos Generales Investigar los mecanismos patogénicos de los AGEs así como los efectos de la Metformina sobre el hueso, en un modelo <i>in vitro</i> de células óseas en cultivo y en un modelo <i>in vivo</i> en ratas diabéticas y controles. Objetivos Específicos 1) Analizar el efecto de los AGEs y la Metformina sobre el citoesqueleto de actina y la diferenciación de osteoblastos en cultivo. 2) Investigar los efectos pro y anti-apoptóticos de los AGEs y la Metformina en osteoblastos en cultivo. 3) Estudiar el efecto de la Metformina sobre el estrés oxidativo inducido por los AGEs sobre osteoblastos en cultivo. 4) Determinar los mecanismos involucrados en la acción de AGEs y Metformina sobre osteoblastos en cultivo. 5) Estudiar el efecto de la Metformina sobre osteoclastos en cultivo. Determinar los mecanismos de transducción de señales involucrados en su acción. 6) Investigar la formación/resorción ósea en ratas diabéticas o control, tratadas o no con Metformina. Estudiar el grado de reparación de heridas óseas, expuestas o no a la acción de la droga Metformina.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer effects of Garcinia mangostana xanthones extract

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalrahim F A Aisha ◽  
Khalid M Abu-Salah ◽  
Zhari Ismail ◽  
Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana

scholarly journals Papel del estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo en la hipertrofia cardiaca y remodelación ventricular

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Alejandro Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Estrés Oxidativo ◽  
Palabras Clave

Objetivo: hacer una revisión de los mecanismos moleculares del estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo en la fisiopatología de la falla cardiaca. Metodología: se hizo una búsqueda en Medline (Pubmed) con las palabras clave: oxidative stress, ventricular remodeling, heart failure y nitrosative stress. Se consultó además bibliografía citada por autores de reconocida trayectoria en investigación en este tema. Resultados: se seleccionaron los 112 artículos más relevantes en el tema de estrés oxidativo/ nitrosativo que se relacionarán con falla cardiaca. Conclusiones: las respuestas de estrés de los cardiomiocitos y del tejido miocárdico es muy probable que constituyan un aspecto significativo del desarrollo de patologías cardiacas que desencadenan como evento final su progresión hacia falla cardiaca. El estrés oxidativo es un tema común en la fisiopatología de la cardiomiopatía isquémica y no isquémica. Patologías cardiacas como la falla cardiaca son usualmente precedidas de hipertrofia cardiaca secundaria, al menos en parte, a la generación de especies reactivas del oxígeno en los cardiomiocitos. Varios son los mecanismos implicados en la remodelación ventricular y progresión de la falla cardiaca que dependen de alteraciones homeostáticas en los sistemas que generan estrés oxidativo y/o nitrosativo. La discusión se centra en la reciente evidencia derivada de investigaciones llevadas a cabo tanto in vitro en cardiomiocitos cultivados como in vivo en modelos experimentales de patologías cardiacas. Las implicaciones clínicas de los recientes descubrimientos aunque son muy prometedoras para la terapéutica de la falla cardiaca, aun no han logrado trasladarse con total éxito a la práctica clínica en los ensayos clínicos realizados hasta el momento

scholarly journals In-vitro and In-vivo Determinations of Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of Skin Lotions Containing Mountain Papaya Fruit and Mangosteen Peel Ethanolic Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Sasongko ◽  
Natasya Advaita ◽  
Ratih Guswinda Lestari ◽  
Karimah Umar Aidid
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Vitro Test

Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value.         It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.

scholarly journals The Exploration of Natural Compounds for Anti-Diabetes from Distinctive Species Garcinia linii with Comprehensive Review of the Garcinia Family

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Tsai ◽  
Fu ◽  
Weng
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Insulin Receptor Kinase

Approximately 400 Garcinia species are distributed around the world. Previous studies have reported the extracts from bark, seed, fruits, peels, leaves, and stems of Garcinia mangostana, G. xanthochymus, and G. cambogia that were used to treat adipogenesis, inflammation, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effects and underlined actions of different species such as G. kola, G. pedunculata, and G. prainiana have been elucidated. However, the anti-hyperglycemia of G. linii remains to be verified in this aspect. In this article, the published literature was collected and reviewed based on the medicinal characteristics of the species Garcinia, particularly in diabetic care to deliberate the known constituents from Garcinia and further focus on and isolate new compounds of G. linii (Taiwan distinctive species) on various hypoglycemic targets including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) via the molecular docking approach with Gold program to explore the potential candidates for anti-diabetic treatments. Accordingly, benzopyrans and triterpenes are postulated to be the active components in G. linii for mediating blood glucose. To further validate the potency of those active components, in vitro enzymatic and cellular function assays with in vivo animal efficacy experiments need to be performed in the near future.

scholarly journals Los virus RNA inducen estrés oxidativo celular y los antioxidantes reducen la generación de partículas virales, tanto in vitro como in vivo

Ingenio Libre ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Carlos Arturo Guerrero Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Estrés Oxidativo ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Superóxido Dismutasa

Durante la infección por virus RNA se generan mecanismos oxidativos intracelulares como especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y citocinas prooxidantes. Los virus RNA requieren la presencia de moléculas redox en la membrana celular para realizar los cambios conformacionales necesarios en la unión y penetración a la célula. Además, necesitan inducir estrés oxidativo celular ya que esto permite la expresión de la maquinaria bioquímica necesaria para su traducción utilizando los sitios de entrada de ribosomas internos (IRES). La generación de ROS, como consecuencia de la infección viral o por agentes xenobióticos, estimula la activación de la vía NF-κB y junto con la actividad oxidativa aumentan la replicación viral. Igualmente, los virus RNA inhiben enzimas antioxidantes como la superóxido dismutasa y factores importantes en las vías anti-inflamatorias como Nrf2, PPARγ, entre otros. El tratamiento y uso de antioxidantes como agentes terapéuticos en enfermedades virales, tanto en animales como en pacientes humanos, afecta el plegamiento de los virus durante la unión a los receptores y disminuye la generación de viriones por célula, permitiendo de esta manera la producción sostenida de antígenos virales para desarrollar una inmunidad eficiente y equilibrada.

scholarly journals Chemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) – Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2503-2516
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Wide Range

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit belonging to Guttiferae (syn. Clusiaceae) family. Research on mangosteen has been widely conducted. Also, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its significance and potential usefulness in the research field. This review was constructed by collecting and analyzing more than 50 research articles to explore the phytochemical contents and the medicinal benefits of mangosteen. A significant level of xanthones greatly contributes to the extensive pharmacological activities of mangosteen. Apart from xanthones, mangosteen also contained benzophenones, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Mangosteen had a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-acne, anti-aging, anti-hyperpigmentation, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiparasitic, and antitumor. Additionally, mangosteen has shown an advantageous activity toward pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, neuropathic pain, and pulmonary fibrosis. This literature review indicated that xanthone in mangosteen had potential and promising to be developed as a drug candidate. More extensive explorations, especially in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and xanthone targeting effects, are widely open to be carried out for future research.

scholarly journals Enhancement of α-Mangostin Wound Healing Ability by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin in Hydrogel Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Nasrul Wathoni ◽  
Diah Permata Sari ◽  
Ine Suharyani ◽  
Keiichi Motoyama ◽  
Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
New Formulation

α-Mangostin (α-M), one of the active compounds in Garcinia mangostana peel, has been effectively used in wound healing. However, its poor solubility in aqueous solution causes low bioavailability for skin ulcers, hindering its application in wound healing. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of α-M through complex formation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (α-M/HP-β-CD CX) and to evaluate the healing activity of the complex. The α-M/HP-β-CD CX was incorporated in a sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel (α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG), and the in vivo healing activity was examined in mice. Evaluation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG, including organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, swelling ratio, consistency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro drug release, was carried out. The complex formation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX was confirmed by FTIR and PXRD analysis. The solubility of the α-M/HP-β-CD CX in water linearly increased about 11.7-fold compared to α-M alone, and by 3.5-fold compared to the α-M/HP-β-CD physical mixture (α-M/HP-β-CD CX PM). The α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was homogenous, the pH was found to be in the neutral range, the spread area was 5 cm, and the consistency was stable until 14 days. SEM analysis showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG surged due to the porous structure of the HG. In addition, in vitro release of α-M from α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was considerably increased compared to α-M/HP-β-CD PM HG and α-M HG. Notably, in vivo evaluation in mice showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG significantly accelerated the wound healing ability compared to other HGs. Thus, α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG has potential as a new formulation of α-M for wound healing therapy.

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