Detection of torque teno sus virus infection in Indian pigs

Background and Aim: Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are circular, single-stranded DNA viruses, which infect a wide range of animals including livestock and companion animals. Swine TTVs (torque teno sus viruses [TTSuVs]) are thought to act as a primary or coinfecting pathogen in pathological conditions such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. So far, the presence of the virus has not been reported in India. Considering that TTSuVs have the potential to cross the species barrier into humans and that pork consumption is common in North-Eastern states of India, the current study aims to investigate the presence of TTSuV in the Indian pig population. Materials and Methods: A total of 416 samples were collected during 2014-2018, from both apparently healthy pigs and also from pigs suspected of having died from classical swine fever and/or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. These samples were screened for TTSuV infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing techniques. Results: The presence of the virus was confirmed in 110 samples from 12 different states of India. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the PCR products indicated the presence of viruses of both Iotatorquevirus and Kappatorquevirus genera in India. Conclusion: The study is the first report on the presence of TTSuVs in India and highlights the circulation of both genera of the virus in the country.

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Detection and Genetic Analysis of PorcineBocavirusin Different Swine Herds in North Central China

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/947084 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mengmeng Liu ◽

Yi Li ◽

Dong Sun ◽

Yihe Xia ◽

Jinhai Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽

Central China ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Slaughter Pigs ◽

Ns1 Gene ◽

Swine Herds ◽

Pcr Targeting

PorcineBocavirus(PBoV) has been reported to be associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and pneumonia in pigs. In this study, a survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of PBoV in slaughter pigs, sick pigs, asymptomatic pigs and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) eradication plan herds in five provinces of China (Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin) by means of PCR targeting NS1 gene of PBoV. Among the total of 403 tissue samples, 11.41% were positive for PBoV. The positive rates of spleen (20.75%) and inguinal lymph node (27.18%) are higher than those of other organs. PCR products of twenty PBoV positive samples from slaughter pigs were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The result revealed that PBoV could be divided into 6 groups (PBoV-a~PBoV-f). All PBoV sequenced in this study belong to PBoV-a–PBoV-d with 90.1% to 99% nucleotide identities. Our results exhibited significant genetic diversity of PBoV and suggested a complex prevalence of PBoV in Chinese swine herds. Whether this diversity of PBoV has a significance to pig production or even public health remains to be further studied.

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Effect of Resveratrol Dry Suspension on Immune Function of Piglets

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/5952707 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qiuting Fu ◽

Qiankun Cui ◽

Yi Yang ◽

Xinghong Zhao ◽

Xu Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Function ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Wide Range

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic plant antitoxin, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of resveratrol dry suspension (RDS) on immune function in piglets that were treated with different doses of RDS for 2 weeks. The results showed that the RDS has significant effects on the development, maturation, proliferation, and transformation of T lymphocytes. RDS could regulate humoral immune responses by upregulating the release of IFN-γ and downregulating the release of TNF-α. After piglets were vaccinated against classical swine fever virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, the antibody titers were significantly increased. RDS treatment showed an excellent resistance to enhance T-SOD activity. Values of blood routine and blood biochemistry showed no toxicity. These results suggested that RDS could be considered as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines, as well as dietary additives for animals to enhance humoral and cellular immunity.

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Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 viral loads in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) affected pigs

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 153 (3-4) ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M. Aramouni ◽

J. Segalés ◽

M. Sibila ◽

G.E. Martin-Valls ◽

D. Nieto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Torque Teno Sus Virus

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SPIRITS, POWER AND THE POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN LATE-COLONIAL GABON

Africa ◽

10.1017/s0001972012000010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 187-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John M. Cinnamon

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

The Political ◽

Colonial Administration ◽

Political Imagination ◽

World War ◽

National Politics ◽

Political Events ◽

Wide Range ◽

North Eastern ◽

Second World

ABSTRACTThrough narratives of an anti-‘fetish’ movement that swept through north-eastern Gabon in the mid-1950s, the present article traces the contours of converging political and religious imaginations in that country in the years preceding independence. Fang speakers in the region make explicit connections between the arrival of post-Second World War electoral politics, the anti-fetish movements, and perceptions of political weakening and marginalization of their region on the eve of independence. Rival politicians and the colonial administration played key roles in the movement, which brought in a Congolese ritual expert, Emane Boncoeur, and his two powerful spirits, Mademoiselle and Mimbare. These spirits, later recuperated in a wide range of healing practices, continue to operate today throughout northern Gabon and Rio Muni. In local imaginaries, these spirits played central roles in the birth of both regional and national politics, paradoxically strengthening the colonial administration and Gabonese auxiliaries in an era of pre-independence liberalization. Thus, regional political events in the 1950s rehearsed later configurations of power, including presidential politics, on the national stage.

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Species-specific duplex PCR for the detection of Pratylenchus penetrans

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854109x428016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 847-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Lieven Waeyenberge ◽

Nicole Viaene ◽

Maurice Moens

Keyword(s):

Internal Control ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Duplex Pcr ◽

Specific Primers ◽

5.8S Rrna Gene ◽

5.8S Rrna ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Species Specific

Abstract ITS1, the 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS2 of the rDNA region were sequenced from 20 different Pratylenchus species. Additionally, the same region was sequenced from seven populations of P. penetrans. After purifying, cloning and sequencing the PCR products, all sequences were aligned in order to find unique sites suitable for the design of species-specific primers for P. penetrans. Since ITS regions showed variability between and even within populations of P. penetrans, only three small DNA sequences were suitable for the construction of three potentially useful species-specific primers. New species-specific primers were paired with existing universal ITS primers and tested in all possible primer combinations. The best performing primer set, supplemented with a universal 28S rDNA primer set that served as an internal control, was tested in duplex PCR. The ideal annealing temperature, Mg2+ concentration and primer ratios were then determined for the most promising primer set. The optimised duplex PCR was subsequently tested on a wide range of different Pratylenchus spp. and 25 P. penetrans populations originating from all over the world. To test the sensitivity, the duplex PCR was conducted on DNA extracted from a single P. penetrans nematode mixed with varying amounts of nematodes belonging to another Pratylenchus species. Results showed that a reliable and sensitive P. penetrans species-specific duplex PCR was constructed.

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Concurrent Infection of Torque Teno Sus Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in a Clinical Case with Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

British Microbiology Research Journal ◽

10.9734/bmrj/2014/6336 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 607-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shao-Lun Zhai

Keyword(s):

Clinical Case ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Torque Teno Sus Virus

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African swine fever: A permanent threat to Indian pigs

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.2275-2285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2275-2285

Author(s):

Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽

Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh ◽

Vikram Vashist ◽

Awadhesh Prajapati ◽

Bramhadev Pattnaik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Arunachal Pradesh ◽

First Report ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern

India has 9 million pigs, of which 45% are in the North eastern (NE) states of India. Viral diseases affecting pigs are a major concern of mortality causing huge loss to the pig farmers. One such disease is African swine fever (ASF) that has already knocked the porous borders of NE states of India. ASF is a highly contagious devastating disease of pigs and wild boars causing 100% mortality. The causative agent African swine fever virus (ASFV) belongs to the genus Asfivirus, family Asfarviridae. Pig is the only species affected by this virus. Soft ticks (Ornithodoros genus) are shown to be reservoir and transmission vectors of ASFV. Transmission is very rapid and quickly engulfs the entire pig population. It is very difficult to differentiate classical swine fever from ASF since clinical symptoms overlap. Infected and in contact pigs should be culled immediately and buried deep, and sheds and premises be disinfected to control the disease. There is no vaccine available commercially. Since its first report in Kenya in 1921, the disease has been reported from the countries in Europe, Russian federation, China, and Myanmar. The disease is a threat to Indian pigs. OIE published the first report of ASF in India on May 21, 2020, wherein, a total of 3701 pigs died from 11 outbreaks (Morbidity - 38.45% and mortality - 33.89%) in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh states of India. ASF is non-zoonotic.

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Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2021029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Yalin Zhong ◽

Ziyao Zhou ◽

Lei Deng ◽

Haifeng Liu ◽

Zhijun Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Intracellular Parasite ◽

Type Iv ◽

Wide Range ◽

Epidemiological Information

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, including humans and companion animals, raising concerns of zoonotic transmission. However, there is limited epidemiological information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China. A total of 880 fecal samples were collected from shelters in different cities of Sichuan province, including 724 samples from dogs, and 156 samples from cats. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was determined by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Overall, the prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18% (158/880), and the parasite was detected in 18.8% (136/724) and 14.1% (22/156) of the dogs and cats examined, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of five genotypes in dogs, including three known genotypes CD9 (n = 92), PtEb IX (n = 41), and Type IV (n = 1), and two novel genotypes SCD-1 (n = 1) and SCD-2 (n = 1). Similarly, four genotypes were identified in cats, including CD9 (n = 11), Type IV (n = 6), D (n = 4), and PtEb IX (n = 1). Genotypes D and Type IV have previously been identified in humans and are reported in sheltered dogs and cats in the present study, indicating that these animals could be as potential sources of human microsporidiosis infections.

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Emergence of Babesia Conradae Infection in Coyote-hunting Greyhounds in Oklahoma, USA

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154040/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erin M Stayton ◽

Megan Lineberry ◽

Jennifer Thomas ◽

Tina Bass ◽

Kelly Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

18S Rrna ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Babesia Gibsoni ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Tick Vectors

Abstract Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic Apicomplexan parasites that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. These pathogens are typically transmitted either by tick vectors or by direct blood-to-blood contact, and may cause life-threatening clinical disease such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure in canine hosts. While Babesia vogeli and Babesia gibsoni infections have both been reported in Oklahoma, reports of B. conradae infections have been limited to California. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from all dogs in four separate kennels in Oklahoma. DNA was extracted from each blood sample and a nested PCR was performed using general Apicomplexan primers for the partial 18S rRNA gene. PCR products were electrophoresed in agarose matrix and appropriately sized amplicons were sequenced. Sequences were compared to reference 18S rRNA sequences available in GenBank, and samples with >98% homology to B. conradae (GenBank MK256976) were considered positive. B. conradae positive dogs were then treated with atovaquone (13.5 mg/kg TID) and azithromycin (10 mg/kg SID) for 10 days and retested at 30 and 60 days post treatment by PCR. Results: Fifteen of 40 dogs tested positive for B. conradae with 98–100% sequence homology to B. conradae from California. All positive cases were coyote-hunting Greyhounds. Treatment of clinically ill dogs with atovaquone and azithromycin resulted in complete clinical recovery in clinically ill dogs and all treated dogs had negative follow-up PCR at 30 and 60 days post treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, this study (i) documents the occurrence of B. conradae in Oklahoma, (ii) highlights this pathogen as a differential to be considered when clinical signs are present, and (iii) supports the use of atovaquone and azithromycin as effective treatment in these cases.

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