scholarly journals A parasitological survey of zoonotic cestodes carried by house rats in Aswan, Egypt, reveals cryptic diversity at the molecular level

2021 ◽  
pp. 2160-2169
Author(s):  
Abuelhassan Elshazly Younis ◽  
Atef Ibrahim Saad ◽  
Islam Refaat Mohamed El-Akhal ◽  
Nagla Mustafa Kamel Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

Background and Aim: Some rat cestodes are zoonotic and are capable of parasitizing humans and animals, raising serious concerns regarding human and veterinary health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cestodes in Egyptian house rats and to characterize the cestodes molecularly. Materials and Methods: The current survey examined 115 house rats (Rattus rattus) in two cities (Edfu and Aswan) in Egypt's Aswan Governorate for cestode infection using integrated molecular approaches (polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis) and morphological/morphometrical approaches. Results: The cestodes identified in this study exhibited the typical morphological characteristics of Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819), Hymenolepis nana (Siebold, 1852) (from rat intestine), and Hydatigera taeniaeformis (from rat liver). The species prevalence rates from these three studies were reported to be 8.7%, 10.4%, and 20.9%, respectively. The ribosomal DNA (ITS1, 18S, and complete ITS) sequences revealed that the hymenolepid sequences were highly distinct but were related to other sequences in the GenBank database, with some sequences showing high similarities to those of H. nana and H. diminuta. In addition, the H. taeniaeformis sequences (ITS2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [mtCOX1]) obtained in this study were highly similar to some Taenia taeniaeformis GenBank sequences. The constructed phylogram revealed that the hymenolepidid tapeworms examined in this study were classified into four major branches (the majority of which were hybrids of the two species) and belonged to the genus Hymenolepis. In addition, the phylogram of H. taeniaeformis assigned this species to T. taeniaeformis. Conclusion: When typical hymenolepid morphology is combined with molecular and phylogenetic divergence, it may indicate the existence of possible cryptic species. In addition, on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity within T. taeniaeformis may exist as determined by comparing the metacestode mtCOX1 sequences. The current study presents the prevalence values of zoonotic cestodes and contributes to the body of knowledge, including identification keys and the use of molecular tools for species confirmation.

Entomophilic nematodes, Diploscapter coronatus and Oscheius tipulae from Afghanistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN FALAHZADAH ◽  
EBRAHIM SHOKOOHI ◽  
GHOLAM HOSSEIN MORAVEJ ◽  
PHATU WILLIAM MASHELA ◽  
ABDUL KHALID MADADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Several soil samples from different habitats in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan were collected to isolate and characterize bacteria feeding nematodes. The Galleria mellonella-baiting method was used for the isolation of the Afghan insect-associated nematodes. The nematodes were studied using morphological and morphometric data. The Oscheius specimen was characterized by a longer body (630–820 µm) and shorter pharynx (125–145 µm), whereas other morphological characters were not unusual. The Diploscapter specimen had an annulated cuticle, with lip region width 1.5 times shorter than the stoma, and had separated pharyngeal corpus from the isthmus and vulva located in the middle of the body. The molecular data were derived using three loci; 18S, 28S (D2/D3 segment), and ITS rRNA region, which were utilized to measure the genetic distance. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted to reconstruct the relationship tree. Both morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of nematode isolates as Oscheius tipulae and Diploscapter coronatus. This is the first report of insect-associated nematodes from the soil of Afghanistan. Both species were capable of infecting and killing G. mellonella larvae in less than 96 h. 

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Mafiana ◽  
M.B. Osho ◽  
S. Sam-Wobo
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

AbstractA survey of 612 black rats, Rattus rattus (282 males and 330 females), for infections with helminth parasites was carried out in Abeokuta, in southwest Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety six (64.7%) were infected with one or more of seven species of helminths comprising three cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia taeniaeformis (cyst) and Raillietina sp.) three nematodes (Mastophorus muris, Trichuris muris and Syphacia sp.) and one acanthocephalan (Moniliformis moniliformis). Although the prevalence of infection in males (76.6%) was more than in females (54.5%) (P< 0.01), there was no difference in the mean intensity of infection, MI, (males = 11.6 ± 0.94, females = 11.1 ± 1.56). Among the different weight classes, rats of 100–130g were more infected (89.3%) and had the highest mean intensity (MI = 21.6) than those that weighed <100g (47.1%, MI = 6.4) and >130g (73.9%, MI = 9.3). Moniliformis moniliformis was the most common species encountered (39.2%) and had the highest mean intensity in both sexes ( = 7.4 ± 0.74). Considering the rat-man proximity, this finding has considerable public health implications.

scholarly journals A Survey of Helminth Infections in the Black Rat from Stara Zagora District, Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar T. Iliev ◽  
Georgi Zh. Georgiev ◽  
Zvezdelina T. Kirkova ◽  
Borislava G. Chakarova
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

AbstractA field study was conducted to disclose the prevalence of different helminth parasites in the black rat, Rattus rattus, in some regions of Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. Out of 67 examined rats, 53 (79.1%) were found to be positive. Helminths of three classes were detected such as Cestoda: Hymenolepis diminuta (47.8%), Hymenolepis nana (43.3%), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (7.5%), Taenia polyacantha larvae (1.5%); Secernentea: Syphacia obvelata (4.5%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (3.0%) and Adenophorea: Capillaria hepatica (9.0%), Trichuris muris (3.0%). Of all the investigated rats, 27 (40.3%) were infected by one helminth species and 26 (38.8%) by more than one. Hymenolepis diminuta was a predominant species in cases of single infections (23.9%). The most frequent co-infections were observed by H. nana and H. diminuta (16.4%).

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF FRESHWATER GOBY SPECIES FROM THE BIAK AND KOYOAN RIVERS, LUWUK BANGGAI, CENTRAL SULAWESI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Abdul Gani ◽  
Achmad Afif Bakri ◽  
Devita Tetra Adriany ◽  
Nurjirana Nurjirana ◽  
Muh. Herjayanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Goby Species ◽  
Freshwater Goby ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Sulawesi is an island famous for its biodiversity, including many endemic species. In particular, Sulawesi has the highest number of gobies in the world, including species with potential as food and/or ornamental fishes. The exploration of freshwater ichthyofauna is important in the context of Indonesian and global biodiversity. This research aimed to identify gobies found in the Luwuk Banggai area of Central Sulawesi, as a contribution to the exploration of Indonesian ichthyofaunal biodiversity. Gobies were sampled from January to March 2019 in the Biak and Koyoan Rivers. The sampled fish were measured and identified based on morphological characteristics. A total of 52 specimens were collected, and identified as belonging to 17 species within two families, the Gobiidae and Eleotridae. Gobies from the Koyoan River comprised 32 specimens from 8 species, while 20 specimens belonging to species were found in the Biak River. Only two species were found in both rivers: Stiphodon semoni and Sicyopterus lagocephalus. These results augment the body of knowledge regarding the presence and distribution of gobies in Indonesia

A Stellenbosch University #FeesMustFall Herstory: Reflections of a So-Called "Radical Black Intersectional Feminist"

Politeia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashanti Kunene
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Patriarchal Narratives

#FeesMustFall was a movement whose maxim was, “This revolution will be intersectional, or it will be bullshit.” This article is a self-reflection on my participation as a so-called radical black intersectional feminist in the #FeesMustFall movement at Stellenbosch University. It is also an attempt to provide evidence of the double erasures taking place in the mainstream patriarchal narratives about the #FeesMustFall movement. My story bears witness to the fact that queer black womxn were the backbone of the movement and that #FeesMustFall did indeed occur at Stellenbosch University. These constitute the double erasures taking place in terms of what is and can be known about the #FeesMustFall movement. My reflections serve to make a much-needed contribution to the body of knowledge produced about the #FeesMustFall movement.

Thinking about offender social reintegration: A case study of one NGO programme in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282096742
Author(s):  
Emmison Muleya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Offender Reintegration

Successful social reintegration is critical if we are to reduce recidivism and crime in general. This voice of people article presents a background case for why effective offender reintegration services are key in South Africa, and the Eastern Cape in particular, through an example of the Offender Reintegration programme rendered by the National Institute of Crime Prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO). Apart from the paucity of literature on offender reintegration, very few voices from people working directly with these former offenders are ever heard. Therefore, this article seeks to address this gap by contributing to the body of knowledge on offender social reintegration.

scholarly journals How Does Retail Engage Consumers in Sustainable Consumption? A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Marketing Actions

The academic literature on consumer engagement and sustainable consumption has developed gradually over the last two decades. The body of knowledge related to the role of food and non-food retailers in this context, however, is only beginning to develop. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the existing literature on how retailers fulfil their role in engaging consumers in sustainable consumption. The need for a study with this purpose is proven by the fact that academic literature lacks a systematic review on this topic, despite the ascending trend in the number of published articles in the field. This systematic review is based on a five-step process to ensure quality, replicability, transparency, and reliable conclusions. The reviewed articles were published relatively recently in academic journals from different domains. This review identified seven distinct types of retail marketing interventions (involvement of retailers in marketing actions with the aim to engage consumers in sustainable consumption), 30 types of retail marketing mechanisms (consisting in marketing strategies, techniques, tools, and channels used by retailers), and 14 distinct types of consumer engagement in sustainable consumption patterns. The review suggests an agenda for further research and identifies practical implications for retail management.

scholarly journals Enzymes, Reacting with Organophosphorus Compounds as Detoxifiers: Diversity and Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1761
Author(s):  
Ilya Lyagin ◽  
Elena Efremenko
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Living Organisms

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are able to interact with various biological targets in living organisms, including enzymes. The binding of OPCs to enzymes does not always lead to negative consequences for the body itself, since there are a lot of natural biocatalysts that can catalyze the chemical transformations of the OPCs via hydrolysis or oxidation/reduction and thereby provide their detoxification. Some of these enzymes, their structural differences and identity, mechanisms, and specificity of catalytic action are discussed in this work, including results of computational modeling. Phylogenetic analysis of these diverse enzymes was specially realized for this review to emphasize a great area for future development(s) and applications.

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