scholarly journals Assessing hygiene indicators in two dairies in Algeria in producing pasteurized milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 2317-2324
Author(s):  
Regguem Souad ◽  
Hamdi Taha Mossadak ◽  
Bouayad Leila
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Background and Aim: There is a worldwide controversy about the choice of microbial flora for use as process hygiene indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the pertinence of using either coliforms or Enterobacteriaceae (EB) as process hygiene indicators in the pasteurized milk production line. Two flora families and total flora were used as bacterial indicators in some stages of pasteurized milk production line to identify the origin of post-pasteurization contamination and compare the results obtained for each flora. In addition, the bacteriological profile of isolated coliforms and EB was developed. Materials and Methods: One thousand and two hundred samples of pasteurized cow milk and surfaces (pipes and tank) at various processing stages were taken from two dairies in the northern region of Algeria. The total microbial flora (TF), total coliforms (TC), thermotolerant coliforms, and EB were enumerated, following the recommendations of ISO 4833:2006, ISO 4832:2006, and ISO 21528-2:2017 methods, respectively. The bacteriological profile was determined using the API 20E and 10S tests (bioMérieux, France). Furthermore, the cleaning efficiency and disinfection protocol of surfaces were evaluated using contact agar slides 1 (Liofilchem™, Italy). Results: Enumeration of the different indicators shows that the highest contamination rate is recorded by the total flora in the two units, 3.28 and 3.78 log CFU/mL, respectively. EB (–0.60 log CFU/mL) at post-pasteurization stage in Unit 1 and coliforms (0.44 log CFU/mL) at the pasteurized packaged milk stage in Unit 2 are the least significant germ families. The lowest compliance rates of bacterial contamination were reported for total flora (82-85%) at the three sampled sites in Unit 2. In comparison, the highest was reported in Unit 1 (99.8%) and 2 (98%) by the EB indicator. Assessing the surface cleaning and disinfection protocol compliance shows that the tank records the highest non-compliance rates for EB and TF (4% and 3%) in Unit 2. EB are represented in both units by various species. Acinetobacter baumannii in Unit 1 and Enterobacter cloacae in Unit 2 are the common species of the three indicator families. Acinetobacter and Enterobacter in Unit 1, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Hafnia in Unit 2 are the most time persistent bacterial genera along the production line. Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Escherichia are common genera in both units. Conclusion: The results obtained show no difference in the use of EB or TC as hygiene indicators. However, if the objective is to identify the species of bacterial populations, using EBs are the most appropriate.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HACCP TO BULK CONDENSED MILK PRODUCTION LINE

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Ali ◽  
Randall M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Condensed Milk

Novel economizer for waste heat recovery in pasteurized milk production

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathit Niamsuwan ◽  
Paisan Kittisupakorn ◽  
Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pasteurized Milk

scholarly journals Change in the stability of goat milk and cow milk due to pH and heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02046
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Fan ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
Cunfang Wang ◽  
Hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Type B ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper aimed to evaluate the changes in the thermal stability of goat milk, cow milk and homogenized milk under different pH conditions. The results showed that goat milk was of type B milk, and the thermal stability were positively correlated with the pH value. But cow milk was of type A milk, the most stable pH of fresh milk was 6.9, while it was 6.7 for homogenized cow milk. Compared with cow milk, the acidification of goat milk was stronger due to heat. Therefore, in the process of milk production, the germicidal heating conditions of two different milk sources should be determined according to their thermal stability.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Milk Production in Northern Thailand Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Error Trend Seasonality, and Hybrid Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Katechan Jampachaisri ◽  
Kunnanut Klaharn ◽  
Chalutwan Sansamur
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Time Series Forecast ◽  
Forecast Models

Milk production in Thailand has increased rapidly, though excess milk supply is one of the major concerns. Forecasting can reveal the important information that can support authorities and stakeholders to establish a plan to compromise the oversupply of milk. The aim of this study was to forecast milk production in the northern region of Thailand using time-series forecast methods. A single-technique model, including seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and error trend seasonality (ETS), and a hybrid model of SARIMA-ETS were applied to milk production data to develop forecast models. The performance of the models developed was compared using several error matrices. Results showed that milk production was forecasted to raise by 3.2 to 3.6% annually. The SARIMA-ETS hybrid model had the highest forecast performances compared with other models, and the ETS outperformed the SARIMA in predictive ability. Furthermore, the forecast models highlighted a continuously increasing trend with evidence of a seasonal fluctuation for future milk production. The results from this study emphasizes the need for an effective plan and strategy to manage milk production to alleviate a possible oversupply. Policymakers and stakeholders can use our forecasts to develop short- and long-term strategies for managing milk production.

Operability and Flexibility of a Milk Production Line

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cheng ◽  
A. Friis
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Line

Economic analysis of cross-bred cow milk production vis-à-vis economic traits in Haryana

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar ◽  
K.S. Suhag ◽  
Pankaj Bishnoi ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Khyali Ram Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Economic Traits

scholarly journals Exploring surface cleaning strategies in hospital to prevent contact transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Lei ◽  
Rachael M. Jones ◽  
Yuguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Susceptible Patient ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Care Worker

Abstract Background Cleaning of environmental surfaces in hospitals is important for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other hospital-acquired infections transmitted by the contact route. Guidance regarding the best approaches for cleaning, however, is limited. Methods In this study, a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations was constructed to study MRSA concentration dynamics on high-touch and low-touch surfaces, and on the hands and noses of two patients (in two hospitals rooms) and a health care worker in a hypothetical hospital environment. Two cleaning interventions – whole room cleaning and wipe cleaning of touched surfaces – were considered. The performance of the cleaning interventions was indicated by a reduction in MRSA on the nose of a susceptible patient, relative to no intervention. Results Whole room cleaning just before first patient care activities of the day was more effective than whole room cleaning at other times, but even with 100% efficiency, whole room cleaning only reduced the number of MRSA transmitted to the susceptible patient by 54%. Frequent wipe cleaning of touched surfaces was shown to be more effective that whole room cleaning because surfaces are rapidly re-contaminated with MRSA after cleaning. Wipe cleaning high-touch surfaces was more effective than wipe cleaning low-touch surfaces for the same frequency of cleaning. For low wipe cleaning frequency (≤3 times per hour), high-touch surfaces should be targeted, but for high wipe cleaning frequency (>3 times per hour), cleaning should target high- and low-touch surfaces in proportion to the surface touch frequency. This study reproduces the observations from a field study of room cleaning, which provides support for the validity of our findings. Conclusions Daily whole room cleaning, even with 100% cleaning efficiency, provides limited reduction in the number of MRSA transmitted to susceptible patients via the contact route; and should be supplemented with frequent targeted cleaning of high-touch surfaces, such as by a wipe or cloth containing disinfectant.

Effects of a novel ryegrass endophyte on pasture production, dairy cow milk production and calf liveweight gain

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bluett ◽  
E. R. Thom ◽  
D. A. Clark ◽  
C. D. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
Tiller Density

A 2-year evaluation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with wild endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii), AR1 endophyte or no endophyte was carried out in Hamilton, New Zealand. In contrast to wild endophyte-infected ryegrass, AR1-infected ryegrass does not produce the alkaloids lolitrem B or ergovaline. Annual pasture production was similar across endophyte treatments, averaging 18.3 t DM/ha in year 1 and 13.8 t DM/ha in year 2, and ryegrass tiller density and botanical composition were unaffected by endophyte status. A combined analysis of 3 short-term milk production tests in late spring (Nov. 1999), summer (Jan. 2000) and autumn (Mar. 2000) in the first experiment, showed a 6.7% advantage in milk production to cows grazing AR1-infected ryegrass compared with those grazing wild endophyte-infected ryegrass pastures (P<0.05). Milk composition was similar in all test periods and ryegrass staggers was not observed on any treatment. In a second experiment, weaned dairy calves were continuously stocked on the pastures described above from late spring 2000 to autumn 2001 and grazed to a mean sward height of 5 cm. Average calf liveweight gain and total liveweight gain per hectare were similar across treatments over the 5-month period, averaging 0.8 kg/calf.day and 822 kg/ha, respectively. Calves grazing wild endophyte-infected ryegrass developed mild ryegrass staggers in January and February, coinciding with a peak lolitrem B concentration in this experiment of 2.3 mg/kg DM, while those grazing AR1-infected or endophyte-free ryegrass pastures did not develop staggers. Information is also presented on herbage and alkaloid intake, blood plasma prolactin concentration, and cow temperature and respiration rate. Results from this initial evaluation under dairying indicate that AR1-infected ryegrass can produce similar pasture yields as wild endophyte-infected ryegrass, while offering small improvements in milk yield with no incidence of ryegrass staggers in grazing animals.

scholarly journals Reducing the carbon footprint of Australian milk production by mitigation of enteric methane emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Moate ◽  
Matthew H. Deighton ◽  
S. Richard O. Williams ◽  
Jennie E. Pryce ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

This review examines research aimed at reducing enteric methane emissions from the Australian dairy industry. Calorimeter measurements of 220 forage-fed cows indicate an average methane yield of 21.1 g methane (CH4)/kg dry matter intake. Adoption of this empirical methane yield, rather than the equation currently used in the Australian greenhouse gas inventory, would reduce the methane emissions attributed to the Australian dairy industry by ~10%. Research also indicates that dietary lipid supplements and feeding high amounts of wheat substantially reduce methane emissions. It is estimated that, in 1980, the Australian dairy industry produced ~185 000 t of enteric methane and total enteric methane intensity was ~33.6 g CH4/kg milk. In 2010, the estimated production of enteric methane was 182 000 t, but total enteric methane intensity had declined ~40% to 19.9 g CH4/kg milk. This remarkable decline in methane intensity and the resultant improvement in the carbon footprint of Australian milk production was mainly achieved by increased per-cow milk yield, brought about by the on-farm adoption of research findings related to the feeding and breeding of dairy cows. Options currently available to further reduce the carbon footprint of Australian milk production include the feeding of lipid-rich supplements such as cottonseed, brewers grains, cold-pressed canola, hominy meal and grape marc, as well as feeding of higher rates of wheat. Future technologies for further reducing methane emissions include genetic selection of cows for improved feed conversion to milk or low methane intensity, vaccines to reduce ruminal methanogens and chemical inhibitors of methanogenesis.

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