Genetic variations in the Myostatin gene affecting growth traits in sheep

Background and Aim: Sheep productivity in developing countries is crucial, as this animal is an essential source of meat and wool. Myostatin (MSTN) plays an important role in the regulation of muscle mass through the regulation of muscle growth, differentiation, and regeneration. The present study sought to investigate genetic variation in the first intron of the MSTN gene and the association of variants with growth traits in major sheep breeds in Egypt (Barki, Ossimi, and Rahmani) and Saudi Arabia (Najdi) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from 75 animals. A 386 bp fragment in the first intron of the MSTN gene was amplified using PCR. Polymorphic sites were detected using direct sequencing and then correlated with growth traits using a general linear model. Results: Sequence analysis of the first intron of MSTN gene identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the studied breeds. Four mutual SNPs were determined: c.18 G>T, c.241 T>C, c.243 G>A, and c.259 G>T. In addition, two SNPs c.159 A>T and c.173 T>G were monomorphic (AA and TT, respectively) in the Ossimi, Rahmani, and Najdi breeds and polymorphic in the Barki breed. The association analysis revealed that the c.18 G>T and c.241 C>T significantly associated (p<0.05) with birth weight and average daily weight gain, respectively. Conclusion: Our results strongly support MSTN as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding programs. Furthermore, the identified variants may be considered as putative markers to improve growth traits in sheep.

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Effects of Intronic SNPs in the Myostatin Gene on Growth and Carcass Traits in Colored Polish Merino Sheep

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11010002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewa Grochowska ◽

Bronisław Borys ◽

Sławomir Mroczkowski

Keyword(s):

Carcass Traits ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Meat Production ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Myostatin Gene ◽

Merino Sheep ◽

Mstn Gene ◽

First Intron

Myostatin acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth; therefore, its role is important with regard to animal growth and meat production. This study was undertaken with the objective to detect polymorphisms in the first intron and c.*1232 position of the MSTN gene and to analyze effects of the detected alleles/genotypes on growth and carcass traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. In total, 23 traits were analyzed, i.e., seven describing lamb growth and 16 carcass traits. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron and the c.*1232 position were identified using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods, respectively. The MIXED procedure of the SAS software package was used to analyze allelic and genotypic effects of the MSTN gene on growth and carcass traits. Polymorphisms were only detected in the first intron of the MSTN gene. All investigated sheep were monomorphic G in the c.*1232 position. The MSTN genotype was found to have significant effect on body weight at 2nd day of life (BW2) and loin and fore shank weights. Significant allelic effects were detected with respect to BW2, scrag, leg, fore, and hind shank weights. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the first intron of the MSTN gene are relevant with respect to several carcass traits and BW2 in Colored Polish Merino sheep.

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Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphism and its effect on growth traits in Madura cattle

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.44.1.38-46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

P. W. Prihandini ◽

S. Sumadi ◽

G. Suparta ◽

D. Maharani

Keyword(s):

Growth Traits ◽

Balance Control ◽

Direct Sequencing ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Mc4r Gene ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Reverse Primer ◽

Selection For

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene has an important role in the regulation of feed intake and energy balance control. The objective of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene and their association with growth traits in Madura cattle. A total of 198 calves were used in this study.Forward primer: 5’-GTCGGGCGTCTTGTTCATC-3’and reverse primer: 5’-GCTTGTGTTTAGCATCGCGT-3’ were used to amplify approximately 493 bp of MC4R gene. The results showed that two SNPs, g.1133C>G and g.1108C>T were identified by direct sequencing. The PCR-RFLP method was performed to genotype all individuals studied based on SNP g.1133C>G, and its SNP was significantly associated with shoulder height (SH) at yearling age (P<0.05). Animals with GG genotype had a higher SH (110.35±6.40cm) than those with CC (102.00±8.00 cm) and CG genotype (105.96±6.23 cm). The SNP g.1133 C>G changed amino acid from valine to leucine. In conclusion, the SNP g.1133C>G of the MC4R gene may be used as a marker-assisted selection for SH trait in Madura cattle.

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Effect of polymorphisms in the µ-calpain and calpastatin genes on economically important traitsof beef cattle in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v99i2.3025 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 87-104

Author(s):

Jonael Bosques ◽

Melvin Pagán-Morales ◽

Américo Casas ◽

Aixa Rivera ◽

Danilo Cianzio

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Meat Tenderness ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Dietary Treatments

The associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the µ-calpain (CAPN1-316 and CANP1-4751) and calpastatin (CAST) genes and growth traits were evaluated in a population of Senepol, Charoláis and Senepol x Charolais bulls (n=99). In another study, associations were evaluated between these SNP and carcass traits of a subgroup of 42 animals submitted to three dietary treatments. The SNP CAPN1-316 was associated with daily weight gain at 205 and 240 d, and with weaning age, wherein animals with CG genotype were heavier, gained weight faster, and were younger at weaning than animals with GG genotype. The latter presented heavier Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Gluteus spp. muscles, but CG animals had a superior Longissimus dorsiarea. The CAPN1-4751 gene was related to birth weight, Longissimus dorsi weight, and with muscle to bone ratio, and for these traits the TT genotype was superior to the CT. The CAPN1-316 and CAPN1-4751 C alleles were found to be correlated with differences in meat tenderness measured at 0 d postmortem. The CAST SNP was not associated with any of the traits evaluated in this experiment. These results indicate that nucleotide substitution in the CAPN1 gene can produce differences in somatic growth in young bulls selected for beef production in Puerto Rico.

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The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within heat shock protein beta 1 on beef quantity in Korean native steers

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-63-417-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 417-422

Author(s):

Jung-Keun Suh ◽

Jae-Sung Lee ◽

Hongsik Kong ◽

Yoonseok Lee ◽

Hong-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Direct Sequencing ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Least Square ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Heat shock protein beta 1 (HSPB1), a member of the heat-shock family of protein, is a relatively small (27 kDa) molecular chaperone protein associated with cellular development. The relationship between HSPB1 expression and muscle growth in beef cattle has previously been reported, but there have been no reports of DNA markers related to meat quantity in Korean native steers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HSPB1 in terms of the carcass traits related to muscle growth in Korean native steers. Through direct sequencing, we discovered three SNPs: g.111 T > C SNP (rs208395876) and g.2548 C > G SNP (rs483014585) were respectively located in 5′ UTR (untranslated region) and 3′ UTR. Further, g.2352 T > C SNP (rs110832311) was located in the adjacent region of the RNA splicing site. The least square means of steers with a CC genotype of g.111 T > C SNP had a significantly higher meat ratio (P = 0.04), while the least square means of steers with a CC genotype of g.2352 T > C SNP had a significantly higher meat ratio (P = 0.002) and lower back-fat thickness (P = 0.004) than those of the other genotype. Moreover, although the least square means of steers with CC-CC, CT-CC, and TT-CC genotypes were significantly decreased for back-fat thickness, they were significantly increased for the meat ratio. Therefore, our results suggested that g.111 T > C SNP and g.2352 T > C SNP could be a causal mutation related to an adipose metabolism in Korean cattle steer.

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Polymorphism identification in the goat MSTN gene and association analysis with growth traits

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4415-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X.P. An ◽

J.G. Wang ◽

J.X. Hou ◽

H.B. Zhao ◽

L. Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Mstn Gene ◽

Dna Sequencing Analysis ◽

Boer Goats ◽

T Locus

The myostatin (MSTN) gene was studied as a candidate genetic marker for growth traits. We investigated polymorphisms of the MSTN gene in 664 individuals from four goat populations and applied PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing analysis to reveal two single nucleotide polymorphisms (DQ167575: g.368A>C (p.Lys49Thr) and g.4911C>T. At g.368A>Clocus, the frequencies of g.368A allele were 0.75–0.81, and the frequencies of g.368C allele were 0.19–0.25. At g.4911C>T locus, the frequencies of g.4911C allele were 0.76–0.82, and frequencies of g.4911T allele were 0.18–0.24. Compared to the female goats with AC genotype, those with AA genotype had superior body weight in Boer goats (15.69 ± 0.28 vs. 14.51 ± 0.31, P < 0.05) and F<sub>1</sub> generation of Boer × Guanzhong dairy goats (19.39 ± 0.34 vs. 18.27 ± 0.33, P < 0.05). In addition, the female goats with AA genotype (45.80 ± 0.33 cm) had greater withers height than those with AC genotype (44.78 ± 0.36 cm) in F<sub>2</sub> generation of Boer × Guanzhong dairy goats (P < 0.05). Hence, the biochemical and physiological functions along with the results obtained in our investigation suggest that the MSTN gene might play an important role in affecting the growth traits in goats. 

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Polymorphic status and phylogenetic analysis of myostatin gene in pak-thoroughbred

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2003281r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 1281-1290

Author(s):

Zeshan Raza ◽

Asif Nadeem ◽

Maryam Javed ◽

Faiz-Ul Hassan ◽

Wasim Shehzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Coding Region ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Myostatin Gene ◽

Thoroughbred Horse ◽

Mstn Gene ◽

Thoroughbred Horses

Myostatin is a protein translated by the the MSTN gene (also known as GDF8), is responsible for limiting muscle growth and strength. In thoroughbred horse (Equus Caballus), limited studies have been designed to examine the variants in the coding region of MSTN gene. However, no data is available regarding the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MSTN about racing performance in thoroughbred horses of Pakistan. In this study blood samples of fifteen Pakistani thoroughbred horses were collected from Race Club Lahore and immediately transferred into the ice box. The DNA was extracted by using phenol-chloroform method. Primers were designed for the amplification of all exons of the MSTN gene. The amplified PCR products were precipitated and sequenced for the identification of SNPs. SNPs were identified by visualizing the peaks of sequenced data by using Chromas Software. Phylogenetic analysis of MSTN gene in Pak-thoroughbred with racing species and some breeds of horses like Marwari Indian breed, Sindhi breed, Kathlawari breed, Italian breed and Chines breed was done separately by using MEGA 6 software. The analysis of identified SNPs were carried out by software SNPator. The sequenced data with altered protein was published in GenBank with accession number MN604194. Results have shown a total of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms through Blast with reference sequences. Two SNPs were found in exon 2 at position of 2406 (C/T) and 2408 (C/T) respectively. One SNP (T/C) was detected in exon 3 at the position of 4661. In conclusion, Pak-thoroughbred horse population has 3 polymorphisms in their coding region which can be used as a biological marker for athletic abilities in Pak- thoroughbred.

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Function of the Porcine TRPC1 Gene in Myogenesis and Muscle Growth

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10010147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Yu Fu ◽

Peng Shang ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Tian ◽

Ruixue Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transient Receptor Potential ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Receptor Potential ◽

Transient Receptor Potential Channel ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Pig Breeds ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Transient Receptor

In animals, muscle growth is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Previously, we showed that the transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) gene was differentially expressed in muscle tissues between pig breeds with divergent growth traits base on RNA-seq. Here, we characterized TRPC1 expression profiles in different tissues and pig breeds and showed that TRPC1 was highly expressed in the muscle. We found two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (C-1763T and C-1604T) in TRPC1 that could affect the promoter region activity and regulate pig growth rate. Functionally, we used RNAi and overexpression to illustrate that TRPC1 promotes myoblast proliferation, migration, differentiation, fusion, and muscle hypertrophy while inhibiting muscle degradation. These processes may be mediated by the activation of Wnt signaling pathways. Altogether, our results revealed that TRPC1 might promote muscle growth and development and plays a key role in Wnt-mediated myogenesis.

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Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03084-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guanghui An ◽

Jiongjiong Chen

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Color Variation ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Promoter Sequences ◽

Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. Result In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c. Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.

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Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum Races and Cultivars Uncovers Novel Patterns of Genetic Relationships and Domestication Footprints

Evolutionary Bioinformatics ◽

10.1177/1176934319889948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117693431988994

Author(s):

Shulin Zhang ◽

Yaling Cai ◽

Jinggong Guo ◽

Kun Li ◽

Renhai Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Association Analyses ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Candidate Gene Locus

Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum, along with 9 G hirsutum and 12 Gossypium barbadense cultivated accessions were evaluated. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed and 146 558 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were generated. Distinct SNP signatures were identified through the combination of selection scans and association analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted, and we concluded that the Latifolium, Richmondi, and Marie-Galante race accessions were more genetically related to the G hirsutum cultivars and tend to cluster together. Fifty-four outlier SNP loci were identified by selection-scan analysis, and 3 SNPs were located in genes related to the processes of plant responding to stress conditions and confirmed through further genome-wide signals of marker-phenotype association analysis, which indicate a clear selection signature for such trait. These results identified useful candidate gene locus for cotton breeding programs.

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