scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF TWO BROWN SEAWEED SPECIES FROM KARIMUN JAWA, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Evi Amelia Siahaan ◽  
A.K.M. Asaduzzaman ◽  
Ratih Pangestuti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Seaweeds are potentials to be developed as alternative source in foods and pharmaceuticals. In this study, chemical compositions of two brown seaweeds species from Karimun Java Indonesia Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides were investigated. Proximate results showed that both seaweeds contain high amount of carbohydrates and ashes. Mineral contents of P. australis and T. conoides follow the orders of Na>Mg>Fe>K>Ca>Zn>Cu and Na>Mg>K>Fe>Zn>Ca>Cu, respectively. Almost all essential amino acids (including histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine and lysine) were present in both seaweeds. Amino acid profiles showed that both seaweed contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with T. conoides contain higher amount of EPA (8.58 ± 0.22 g/100 g of total fatty acids) and DHA (6.05 ± 0.21 g/100 g of total fatty acids). The findings of this study have provided evidence that brown seaweeds were nutritious and potential to be utilized for producing functional ingredients in food. Further, P. australis and T. conoides can be used as candidate to be used in food industries to increase shelf-life of food items for human consumption, and use to deter deleterious free radical-induced life-threatening diseases.

scholarly journals A Microethnographic and Ethnobotanical Approach to Llayta Consumption Among Andes Feeding Practices

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailing Rivera ◽  
Alexandra Galetović ◽  
Romina Licuime ◽  
Benito Gómez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Llayta is a dietary supplement that has been used by rural communities in Perú and northern Chile since pre-Columbian days. Llayta is the biomass of colonies of a Nostoc cyanobacterium grown in wetlands of the Andean highlands, harvested, sun-dried and sold as an ingredient for human consumption. The biomass has a substantial content of essential amino acids (58% of total amino acids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33% total fatty acids). This ancestral practice is being lost and the causes were investigated by an ethnographic approach to register the social representations of Llayta, to document how this Andean feeding practice is perceived and how much the community knows about Llayta. Only 37% of the participants (mostly adults) have had a direct experience with Llayta; other participants (mostly children) did not have any knowledge about it. These social responses reflect anthropological and cultural tensions associated with a lack of knowledge on Andean algae, sites where to find Llayta, where it is commercialized, how it is cooked and on its nutritional benefits. The loss of this ancestral feeding practice, mostly in northern Chile, is probably associated with cultural changes, migration of the rural communities, and very limited access to the available information. We propose that Llayta consumption can be revitalized by developing appropriate educational strategies and investigating potential new food derivatives based on the biomass from the isolated Llayta cyanobacterium.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of the branched murex Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Family: Muricidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Salas ◽  
Kajal Chakraborty ◽  
P.T. Sarada ◽  
P. Vijayagopal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Chicoreus ramosus(Linnaeus, 1758), the branched murex, a species of marine gastropod mollusc collected off the Gulf of Mannar on the south-eastern coast of India was studied for the nutritional composition. The edible portion of C. ramosus demonstrated protein content with balanced ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids (~0.94). The C20-C22 n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were predominant in the edible part (15.8 and 17.2% total fatty acids, respectively). Considerably lesser cholesterol content (28.7 mg 100 g-1), greater hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index (6.3) and lesser atherogenic (0.2), thrombogenicity (0.1) indices showed its importance as a cardioprotective and antithrombogenic diet. The presence of antioxidative microelement selenium (30.44 μg 100 g-1) along with ascorbic acid and tocopherol (45.5 and 55.8 μg 100 g-1, respectively) demonstrated the value of this foodstuff to impart antioxidative defense in the metabolic system. A lesser sodium/potassium (Na/K) proportion (0.64) in C. ramosus could be coupled with a diminished threat of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aggregate amount of calcium and phosphorus (136.1 mg 100 g-1) showed the beneficial effect of this species in facilitating the recruitment of osteoblasts and bone mineralisation process. The previously undescribed report with regard to nutritional composition of C. ramosusappropriately demonstrated this low-value gastropod species as a valuable depot of essential nutritional elements and as a health food for human consumption.

scholarly journals A Microethnographic and Ethnobotanical Approach to Llayta Consumption among the Andes Feeding Practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailing Rivera ◽  
Alexandra Galetovic ◽  
Romina Licuime ◽  
Benito Gómez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Llayta is a dietary supplement used by rural communities in Perú and northern Chile since pre-Columbian days. Llayta is the biomass of colonies of a Nostoc cyanobacterium grown in wetlands of the Andean highlands, harvested, sun-dried and sold as an ingredient for human consumption. The biomass has a substantial content of essential amino acids (58% of total amino acids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33% total fatty acids). This ancestral practice is being loss and the causes were investigated by an ethnographic approach to register the social representations of Llayta, to document how this Andean feeding practice is perceived and how much the community knows about Llayta. Only 37% of the participants (mostly adults) have had a direct experience with Llayta; other participants (mostly children) did not have any knowledge about it. These social responses reflect anthropological and cultural tensions associated to lack of knowledge on Andean algae, sites where to find Llayta, where it is commercialized, how it is cooked and on its nutritional benefits. The loss of this ancestral feeding practice, mostly on northern Chile, is probably associated to cultural changes, migration of the rural communities, and a very limited access to the available information. We propose that Llayta consumption can be revitalized by developing appropriate educational strategies and investigating potential new food derivatives based on the biomass from the isolated Llayta cyanobacterium.

scholarly journals Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is a Potential Food Supplement with the Capacity to Outperform Chlorella and Spirulina

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6736
Author(s):  
Randa Darwish ◽  
Mohamed A. Gedi ◽  
Patchaniya Akepach ◽  
Hirut Assaye ◽  
Abdelrahman S. Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalgae used as a model organism associated with biotechnological applications, yet its nutritional value has not been assessed. This study investigates the nutritional capacity of C. reinhardtii as an additional value for this species beyond its known potential in biofuels and bio-products production. The composition of key nutrients in C. reinhardtii was compared with Chlorella and Spirulina, the species widely regarded as a superfood. The results revealed that the protein content of C. reinhardtii (46.9%) was comparable with that of Chlorella (45.3) and Spirulina (50.4%) on a dry weight basis. C. reinhardtii contained all the essential amino acids with good scores based on FAO/WHO values (0.9–1.9) as in Chlorella and Spirulina. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated the total fatty acids profile of C. reinhardtii were ~74 of which ~48% are n-3 fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content in C. reinhardtii (42.4%) was significantly higher than that of Chlorella (23.4) and Spirulina (0.12%). For minerals, Spirulina was rich in iron (3.73 mg/g DW) followed by Chlorella (1.34 mg/g DW) and C. reinhardtii (0.96 mg/g DW). C. reinhardtii, unlike the other two species, consisted of selenium (10 µg/g DW), and had a remarkably lower heavy metal load. Moreover, C. reinhardtii contained relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll (a + b) and total carotenoids (28.6 mg/g DW and 6.9 mg/g DW, respectively) compared with Chlorella (12.0 mg/g DW and 1.8 mg/g DW, respectively) and Spirulina (8.6 mg/g DW and 0.8 mg/g DW, respectively). This study confirms that, based on its nutrient credentials, C. reinhardtii has great potential as a new superfood or ingredient for a food supplement.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Massimo Mozzon ◽  
Roberta Foligni ◽  
Cinzia Mannozzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The consumers’ opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%–80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the “dignity” of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the “tropical equivalent of olive oil”, suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value of 11 Bee Pollen Samples from Major Floral Sources in Taiwan

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Pei-Shou Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Hsien Wu ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Dun-Yan Wang ◽  
Ming-Cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Rhus Chinensis ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich food that meets the nutritional requirements of honey bees and supports human health. This study aimed to provide nutritive composition data for 11 popular bee pollen samples (Brassica napus (Bn), Bidens pilosa var. radiata (Bp), Camellia sinensis (Cs), Fraxinus griffithii (Fg), Prunus mume (Pm), Rhus chinensis var. roxburghii (Rc), Bombax ceiba (Bc), Hylocereus costaricensis (Hc), Liquidambar formosana (Lf), Nelumbo nucifera (Nn), and Zea mays (Zm)) in Taiwan for the global bee pollen database. Macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, were analyzed, which revealed that Bp had the highest carbohydrate content of 78.8 g/ 100 g dry mass, Bc had the highest protein content of 32.2 g/ 100 g dry mass, and Hc had the highest lipid content of 8.8 g/ 100 g dry mass. Only the bee pollen Hc completely met the minimum requirements of essential amino acids for bees and humans, and the other bee pollen samples contained at least 1–3 different limiting essential amino acids, i.e., methionine, tryptophan, histidine, valine, and isoleucine. Regarding the fatty acid profile of bee pollen samples, palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were predominant fatty acids that accounted for 66.0–97.4 % of total fatty acids. These data serve as an indicator of the nutritional quality and value of the 11 bee pollen samples.

scholarly journals A Review of Fatty Acid and Amino Acids Profile from Pasteurized Egg Liquids Produced in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Andreea Cătălina NISTOR ◽  
Lucia Iuliana NISTOR (COTFAS) ◽  
Marius Giorgi USTUROI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Egg is a rich source of nutrients, such as high-quality protein (containing the ideal proportion of amino acids necessary for human body development) and a rich variety of vitamins and minerals. Liquid egg products have grown to a large extent in the food industry and beyond, which is an important reason to know their quality. For the analysis was used fresh pasteurized yolk and white wrapped bag in box. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatographic method and amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography method. The results indicated that 34% of total fatty acids analyzed are saturated fatty acids, the main constituent being palmitic acid (25%) and 66% are unsaturated acids and the main constituent is oleic acid (37%). The rate of essential amino acids which are in pasteurized liquid white represents 46% from total analyzed amino acids and in the case of yolk the share is 44%. From obtained data for fatty acids content our limits are higher for polyunsaturated acids than those indicated by other researchers, and for monounsaturated acids are lower than data obtain by other authors. Regarding the essential amino acids content, the obtained data have higher values than the ones obtain by other authors. A possible explanation for the fluctuations in the profile of fatty acids and amino acids could be the feed distributed to the birds from which the eggs are obtained.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Nano and Organic Fertilisers As an Alternative Source to Chemical Fertilisers on Carum Carvi L. Plant Yield and Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Abdel Wahab Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Asmaa Badr El-Din El-Attar ◽  
Abeer Abdel Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Fertilisers

Abstract To show the benefits of organic agriculture, safe and sustainable production, the present research was performed in an open field (new reclaimed area of desert) of Wadi El-Notron, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, for two successive years (2013 and 2014) aimed at a better understanding and to investigate the role of alternative source of chemical fertilisers represented by humic substances, natural nano-zeolite-loaded nitrogen and biofertilisers (HNB) on yield, morphological, leaf and seed anatomy, chemical compositions reflected in macro and micro nutrients, indigenous hormones, plant pigments, total carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, thiamine, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total fatty acids, oil yield and constituents of caraway (Carum carvi L.) plants. Our results revealed that plants receiving a combination treatment (HNB) recorded significant increases over control in both growing seasons. Moreover, economic evaluation reflects the profound influence of combination treatment (HNB) that realized the maximum gross income and minimum production cost. These findings emphasize the magnitude of the role of natural soil additions and organic fertilisers in mitigating environmental pollution while providing safe production and also minimizing total costs of chemical fertilisers.

scholarly journals Extracting and physicochemical properties of carotenoprotein from shrimp processing waste by proteases-mediated hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Pourashouri ◽  
Hojat Mirsadeghi ◽  
Aynaz Khodanazary
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Contents

Abstract In this study, carotenoprotein from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) processing waste was extracted with the aid of alcalase (CP-A) and pepsin (CP-P) at various levels (0-4 units/100g waste) for different times (0–240 min). Recovery of carotenoids and protein increased with increasing enzymes levels (3 unit/g) and hydrolysis times until 180 min (p<0.05). The extracted carotenoprotein by pepsin and alcalase consisted of 72.11-75.32% protein contents and carotenoids were in the range of 330-530 µg/g samples. The phenylalanine, lysine, methionine and valine as essential amino acids were high at CP-A and CP-P. The dominant non-essential amino acids in carotenoproteins were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. It was rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The CP-A showed higher DHA and EPA (8.52 and 6.49%) than CP-P (5.55 and 5.49%). The saturated fatty acids were reduced after enzymatic hydrolysis and contents were higher in carotenoproteins. The extracted samples showed a significant amount of mineral contents. Sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium contents were found to be higher in CP-A. The lead and copper reduced as a result of hydrolysis. Therefore, carotenoprotein from processing residue of pacific white shrimp could be used as the value-added nutritious enriching food or feed powder.

Crambe cake impairs lamb performance and fatty acid profile of meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Issakowicz ◽  
M. S. Bueno ◽  
C. M. P. Barbosa ◽  
E. B. Canova ◽  
H. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The replacement of diet soybean meal protein with crambe cake protein (0%, 22%, 44% and 66%) was investigated to evaluate the effect on lamb performance and meat quality, as well as the extent to which erucic acid was incorporated into the meat. The inclusion of increasing levels of crambe cake resulted in poorer lamb performance, as demonstrated by a linear decrease in final liveweight and carcass weight. There was also an increase in plasma blood concentrations of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, indicating hepatic injury. Reduced ether extract concentration of meat was observed, leading to higher shear-force values and a linear decrease in meat luminosity. The fatty acid profile of meat was drastically modified, presenting a reduction in total saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, particularly in the concentration of α-linoleic acid. Additionally, the total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in meat decreased, while the concentration of erucic acid increased from 0.11% of total fatty acids in Longissimus lumborum samples from lambs fed diets with no inclusion of crambe cake, to 3.70%, 5.82% and 8.04% of total fatty acids in those from lambs fed diets where 22%, 44% and 66%, respectively, of the soybean meal protein was replaced with crambe cake protein. Therefore, the concentration of erucic acid in fatty acid profile of meat was higher than concentration deemed safe for human consumption.

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