scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Massimo Mozzon ◽  
Roberta Foligni ◽  
Cinzia Mannozzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The consumers’ opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%–80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the “dignity” of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the “tropical equivalent of olive oil”, suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored.

scholarly journals Comportamiento agronómico del cultivar híbrido RC1 de Palma de aceite (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) x Elaeis guineensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Bastidas ◽  
Eduardo Peña ◽  
Rafael Reyes ◽  
José Pérez ◽  
William Tolosa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Palm Species

<p>Se realizó transferencia de genes desde la especie Nolí (<em>Elaeis oleifera</em>) a la especie Palma de aceite (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) mediante retrocruzamientos con el propósito de obtener un cultivar que tuviera alta producción de frutos y aceite por unidad de área, baja tasa de crecimiento, tolerancia a enfermedades, y aceite con alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos. La primera generación de retrocruzamiento RC1 se obtuvo mediante polinización controlada entre palmas del híbrido interespecífico F1 (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) usadas como progenitor femenino, con palmas de la especie <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>como progenitor masculino. En 1995 se establecieron en campo las descendencias de cinco cruces RC1, planteando como hipótesis de segregación que el 50% de los descendientes corresponderían al genotipo de palma de aceite y el 50% restante al genotipo del híbrido RC1 con carga genética africana (75% <em>E. guineensis </em>y 25% <em>E. oleifera</em>). Los datos de campo se analizaron con base en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo jerárquico y desigual número de repeticiones por tratamiento; para probar la hipótesis se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (χ2). En el cuarto año de producción los híbridos RC1 promisorios alcanzaron 35,0 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> de fruto, con 19,6% de aceite y una producción anual estimada de aceite de 6,3 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>. Estos híbridos crecieron en promedio 25,8 cm por año, característica que aumenta a más de 40 años la expectativa de vida útil de la plantación. Hasta la fecha presentan tolerancia a cuatro enfermedades de carácter letal que afectan la Palma de aceite en Colombia, puesto que durante siete años de evaluación no se han presentado síntomas. El aceite de estos híbridos contiene mayor concentración de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos que el de la Palma de aceite.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Agronomic behavior of the BC1 hybrid cultivar of oil palm (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em></strong></p><p>A transfer of genes from the species Nolí (<em>Elaeis oleifera</em>) to the oil palm species (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) was made using backcrosses, with the objective of obtaining a cultivar with high fruit and oil production per unit of area, slow rate of growth, disease tolerance, and oil with high content of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenes. The first backcross generation, BC1, was obtained using controlled pollination between palms of the interspecific F1 hybrid (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) used as the female parent with palms of the species <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>as the male progenitor. In 1995 the progeny of five BC1s were established in the field, proposing the segregation hypothesis that 50% of the progeny would correspond to the genotype of oil palm and the remaining 50% to the genotype of the BC1 hybrid with a load of African genes (75% <em>E. guineensis </em>and 25% <em>E. oleifera</em>). The field data were analyzed based on a completely random design with hierarchical array and uneven number of repetitions per treatment; Chi<sup>2</sup> was used to test the hypothesis. In the fourth year of production the promising BC1s reached 35 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> of fruit, with 19.6% of oil and an estimated oil production of 6.3 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> per year. These hybrids grew an average of 25.8 cm per year, a characteristic that increases the useful life expectancy of a plantation to more than 40 years. To date, these hybrids show tolerance to four deadly diseases that affect the oil palm in Colombia, since no symptoms have been observed during the eight years of evaluation. The oil from these hybrids contains greater concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids than that of oil palm.</p>

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE II (KAS II) β ON Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
High Level

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is currently the highest edible oil-producing plant in the world. E. oleifera is another species of oil palm that is not widely cultivated due to lower productivity. Oil extracted from E. guineensis has a balance ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids level, while E. oleifera has a higher unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain saturated fatty acids are more harmful for human health than unsaturated fatty acids. Gene encoding β-ketoacyl ACP synthase II (KAS II, EC 2.3.1.179) was studied, as this enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Observation and analysis were conducted for KAS II gene and fatty acids content of E. guineensis represented by DxP Lame, DxP Langkat and CMR78 samples, E. oleifera represented by Suriname origin, and two hybrids (E. guineensis x E. oleifera (Brazil and Suriname)). The results showed E. oleifera Suriname had the highest concentration of oleic acid, followed by E. guineensis (CMR78). KAS II gene sequences alignment showed some genetic variation within E. guineensis and hybrids, while the high level of variation found between E. guineensis and E. oleifera was considered caused by species difference.

CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE II (KAS II) β ON Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
High Level

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is currently the highest edible oil-producing plant in the world. E. oleifera is another species of oil palm that is not widely cultivated due to lower productivity. Oil extracted from E. guineensis has a balance ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids level, while E. oleifera has a higher unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain saturated fatty acids are more harmful for human health than unsaturated fatty acids. Gene encoding β-ketoacyl ACP synthase II (KAS II, EC 2.3.1.179) was studied, as this enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Observation and analysis were conducted for KAS II gene and fatty acids content of E. guineensis represented by DxP Lame, DxP Langkat and CMR78 samples, E. oleifera represented by Suriname origin, and two hybrids (E. guineensis x E. oleifera (Brazil and Suriname)). The results showed E. oleifera Suriname had the highest concentration of oleic acid, followed by E. guineensis (CMR78). KAS II gene sequences alignment showed some genetic variation within E. guineensis and hybrids, while the high level of variation found between E. guineensis and E. oleifera was considered caused by species difference.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of germinating Tunisian almond (Prunus Amygdalus Mill.) seedlings oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refka Dhouibi ◽  
◽  
Hanen Oueslati ◽  
Senda Bahri ◽  
Khaled Jabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Almonds (Prunus amygdalus) are a rich source of many essential nutrients. However, there is a lack of enough information on almond varieties' biochemical composition, especially at the germination stage. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the chemical components of the germinating Tunisian almonds. The study included determining the content of oils, proteins, fatty acids, and triglycerides during germination. Results indicated that the oleaginous seeds are rich in oil (55 to 65% of the dry mass) and crude protein (21.825 mg/mL). The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids are oleic and linoleic acids which represent 64.53% and 24.38%, respectively, while palmitic acid is the most dominant saturated fatty acid with 7.65% of the total fatty acids. Also, the primary molecular types of triglycerides detected by L.C. analysis are triolein (32.3%) and dioleolinolein (24.0%), followed by palmitodiolein (12.5%) and oleodilinolein (12.6%.). The physico-chemical properties study revealed that almond oil remains stable, thus preserving its quality and nutritional value, even during transition from dormancy to germination. On the other hand, we also detected the presence of a lipolytic activity which is maximum on the 3rd day of germination (4.66 mUI). Our results indicate that almond oil plays an important role in human nutrition due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, and it is more stable than other oils.

scholarly journals Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is a Potential Food Supplement with the Capacity to Outperform Chlorella and Spirulina

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6736
Author(s):  
Randa Darwish ◽  
Mohamed A. Gedi ◽  
Patchaniya Akepach ◽  
Hirut Assaye ◽  
Abdelrahman S. Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalgae used as a model organism associated with biotechnological applications, yet its nutritional value has not been assessed. This study investigates the nutritional capacity of C. reinhardtii as an additional value for this species beyond its known potential in biofuels and bio-products production. The composition of key nutrients in C. reinhardtii was compared with Chlorella and Spirulina, the species widely regarded as a superfood. The results revealed that the protein content of C. reinhardtii (46.9%) was comparable with that of Chlorella (45.3) and Spirulina (50.4%) on a dry weight basis. C. reinhardtii contained all the essential amino acids with good scores based on FAO/WHO values (0.9–1.9) as in Chlorella and Spirulina. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated the total fatty acids profile of C. reinhardtii were ~74 of which ~48% are n-3 fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content in C. reinhardtii (42.4%) was significantly higher than that of Chlorella (23.4) and Spirulina (0.12%). For minerals, Spirulina was rich in iron (3.73 mg/g DW) followed by Chlorella (1.34 mg/g DW) and C. reinhardtii (0.96 mg/g DW). C. reinhardtii, unlike the other two species, consisted of selenium (10 µg/g DW), and had a remarkably lower heavy metal load. Moreover, C. reinhardtii contained relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll (a + b) and total carotenoids (28.6 mg/g DW and 6.9 mg/g DW, respectively) compared with Chlorella (12.0 mg/g DW and 1.8 mg/g DW, respectively) and Spirulina (8.6 mg/g DW and 0.8 mg/g DW, respectively). This study confirms that, based on its nutrient credentials, C. reinhardtii has great potential as a new superfood or ingredient for a food supplement.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization by GC-MS of Palm Kernel Oils Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ahou Irène Kouadio
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Undecylenic Acid ◽  
Human Diet

The objective of this study was to determine biochemical composition of palm kernel oils produced and consuming in C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire in order to find out those more suitable for human diet. Our preliminary investigations showed that palm kernel oils consumed in C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire were those extracted from varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Thus, the types of oils analyzed in this study were oil extracted from the variety Dura (OD) and oil extrated from the variety Tenera (OT). The GC-MS was used to determine the biochemical composition of these oils. The results obtained show that in each oil, seventeen fatty acids were identified by GC&ndash;MS. However, among these fatty acids, undecylenic acid was identified only in OD and heptanoic acid was identified only in OT. The two types of oil are rich in saturated fatty acids. However, OD had a relatively higher unsaturated fatty acids content. For the other compounds identified, OT had significantly the highest contents of polyphenols, &alpha;-tocopherol and sterols with the predominance of &beta;-sitosterol. These results support that palm kernel oil extracted from the variety Tenera is rich in natural compounds that could be developed as nutraceuticals and phytomedicine. However, some unexpected compounds such as lactones were also identified in the two types of oils. Moreover, it is noted that these lactones were more abundant in oil extracted from the variety Dura (OD).

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Edible Oils and Their Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Valentina De Cosmi ◽  
Patrizia Risé ◽  
Gregorio Paolo Milani ◽  
Stefano Turolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Edible Fats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diet and inflammatory response are recognized as strictly related, and interest in exploring the potential of edible fats and oils for health and chronic diseases is emerging worldwide. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in fish oil (FO), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be partly converted into oxygenated bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory and/or pro-resolving activities. Moreover, the co-presence of phenolic compounds and vitamins in edible oils may prevent the development of chronic diseases by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Finally, a high content in mono-unsaturated fatty acids may improve the serum lipid profile and decrease the alterations caused by the oxidized low-density lipoproteins and free radicals. The present review aims to highlight the role of lipids and other bioactive compounds contained in edible oils on oxidative stress and inflammation, focusing on critical and controversial issues that recently emerged, and pointing to the opposing role often played by edible oils components and their oxidized metabolites.

OPTIMUM RATIO OF SATURATED TO MONO-UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN RAT DIETS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Rat

Fat mixtures were prepared in which the content of linoleic acid was held constant at approximately 10% of the total fatty acids, but the ratio of saturated to mono-unsaturated acids was varied from 3.5: 1 to 1: 8. These mixtures were added to a low-fat fox chow diet at the rate of 20 parts fat to 80 parts fox chow and the resulting mixtures were fed to weanling rats in one experiment and to semiadult rats in another. The feeding period was nine weeks. In both experiments the male rats showed significant differences in final weight between the diets. Best weight gains were made on the fat mixture in which the fatty acid ratio was close to that of normal rat depot fat, viz. one part of saturated acid to two parts of mono-unsaturated acid. Female rats did not show significant differences in weight gain on the various fat mixtures. Excretion of lipid in the feces showed a tendency to increase with increasing ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the diet.

scholarly journals Brief Review on the Controversies around Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Production and Palm Oil Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong ◽  
Hermine Ngalle-Bille ◽  
Walter Ajambang ◽  
Benoit Constant Likeng-Li-Ngue ◽  
Tabi-Mbi Kingsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Production

Palm oil from <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq. of the Arecaceae family is the main traditional cooking oil in most parts of tropical Africa. Oil palm cultivation requires large areas of land and the consumption of crude palm oil from it raises health concerns notably with regards to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The industry has therefore been faced with two major controversies. Firstly, palm oil which contains about 50% saturated fatty acids is considered to be unhealthy for human consumption because its saturated fatty acids raise blood LDL cholesterol level and increase the risk of the above mentioned diseases. Secondly, due to its land intensive nature, the oil palm industry is linked to deforestation, climate change and socioeconomic instability. For these reasons, the oil palm industry has been at the forefront of environmental and reputational challenges. This paper briefly presents an overview of these controversies surrounding the oil palm industry, while highlighting the possible outlets for environmentally friendly production processes and improvement strategies for better oil quality.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition, Phytochemistry, Antioxidant Activity on Seed Coat and Kernel of Paeonia ostii from Main Geographic Production Areas

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Peng ◽  
Si-Qi Men ◽  
Zheng-An Liu ◽  
Ning-Ning Tong ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Production Areas

Paeonia ostii is an important woody oil plant cultivated in China on a large scale. Its seed oil is enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are beneficial to human health. The aim of this research is to determine the qualitative traits characteristic of P. ostii seed from various production areas in China. In this study, seed quality traits were evaluated on the basis of proximate composition, content of fatty acids, tocopherol, secondary metabolites, and the antioxidant activity of seed coat (PSC) and kernel (PSK). A high content of total fatty acids (298.89–399.34 mg g−1), crude protein (16.91%–22.73%), and total tocopherols (167.83–276.70 μg g−1) were obtained from PSK. Significant differences were found in the content of palmitic acids (11.31–14.27 mg g−1), stearic acids (2.42–4.24 mg g−1), oleic acids (111.25–157.63 mg g−1), linoleic acids (54.39–83.59 mg g−1), and ALA (99.85–144.71 mg g−1) in the 11 main production areas. Eight and seventeen compounds were detected in PSC and PSK, respectively. A significantly higher content of total phenols was observed in PSC (139.49 mg g−1) compared with PSK (3.04 mg g−1), which was positively related to antioxidant activity. This study indicates that seeds of P. ostii would be a good source of valuable oil and provides a basis for seed quality evaluation for the production of edible oil and potential ALA supplements from the promising woody oil plant.

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