scholarly journals PERANAN CUMI-CUMI BAGI KESEHATAN

OSEANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Diah Anggraini Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Artificial Leather ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Biomedical Field

THE BENEFITS AND ROLE OF SQUID FOR HEALTH. Squids are rich in protein with a protein content 15-20%. Squids containing macro and micro minerals such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and selenium, besides that squid also comprise essential amino acids such as tryptophan, threonine, methionine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and non-essential amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, tyrosine, cysteine, serine, proline, glycine, arginine and histidine. Squid ink contain alkaloids that potential as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-malaria agents. The benefit of Squids in the food industry are an enhancer of flavor and an artificial leather constituent in the biomedical field.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

scholarly journals Reduction of the crude protein content of diets supplemented with essential amino acids for piglets weighing 15 to 30 kilograms

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Jocasta Carraro ◽  
Gabriel Moresco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein Content

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Red Bean and Green Bean Protein using the Extraction Method and Isoelectric pH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Slamet Hadi Kusumah ◽  
Robi Andoyo ◽  
Tita Rialita
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Isoelectric Ph ◽  
Red Bean ◽  
Bean Protein

Stunting children need food intake with higher protein and essential amino acids such as lysine and leucine than normal children. Red Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) and Green Beans (Phaseolus Radiatus L.) have protein content, respectively 22.07 ± 0.13% and 19.99 ± 0.07%, and are rich in essential amino acids lysine and leucine needed by a stunting child. The Development of food products with high protein concentrations (high protein food) such as isolates/protein concentrates is an important subject that must be done. This study aims to determine the technique of isolating red bean and green bean protein through extraction and deposition methods at isoelectric pH. The research method used is an experimental method with descriptive data analysis. Identification of isoelectric pH of red bean and green bean protein is done through electrophoretic mobility (cm2/Vs) testing on samples that have been conditioned at 3 different depositional pHs namely pH 3.00, 4.00, and 5.00. The results showed the isoelectric pH value of red bean and green bean protein, namely pH 4.56 and pH 4.81 respectively, where the pH had electrophoretic mobility values equal to zero. The process of isolating red bean and green bean protein produces protein powder with a protein content of 79.22 ± 0.06% and 80.69 ± 0.06%, respectively. Based on the weight yield, red bean and green bean protein concentrate powder had a yield of 14.88% and 16.75%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Content of Non-essential Amino Acids in the Grains of Winter and Spring Varieties of Oats (Avena sativa L.) under the Conditions of Central Southern Bulgaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
T. Georgieva ◽  
P. Zorovski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Essential Amino Acids

The purpose of this survey is to study the content of non-essential amino acids in four winter (Dunav 1, Ruse 8, Resor 1, Line M-K) and five spring (Obraztsov chiflik 4, Mina, HiFi, Novosadski golozarnest and Prista 2) cultivars of oats grown in Central Southern Bulgaria within the period from 2007 to 2009. The tested cultivars have different contents of non-essential amino acids. Dunav 1 has the highest quantity of glicine (5.12 g/100 g protein) of all the winter cultivars, Ruse 8 has the highest quantity of alanine (5.69 g/100 g protein) and Resor 1 – the highest quantity of arginine (6.14 g/100 g protein). Generally speaking, the spring cultivars have a larger quantity of glutamic acid (from 25.86 to 26.07 g/100 g protein) and proline (from 6.15 to 8.21 g/100 g protein) but a smaller quantity of glycine (from 4.68 to 4.99 g/100 g protein) compared to the winter cultivars. The naked cultivar Mina has the highest quantity of cystine (2.14 g/100 g protein), cultivar Prista 2 has the highest quantity of proline (8.21 g/100 g protein) and glutamic acid (26.07 g/100g protein) and HiFi ranks first in terms of aspartic acid (9.05 g/100 g protein), serine (5.02 g/100 g protein) and tyrosine (2.09 g/100 g protein). In the study we have also established certain relations between non-essential amino acids.

USE OF GLUTAMIC ACID-U-C14 TO DETERMINE NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR LARVAE OF THE BLOW FLY, PHORMIA REGINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The production of C14O2 by third-instar larvae of the blow fly, Phormia regina Meig., after it was injected with glutamic acid-U-C14, indicates that this substrate was metabolized under these conditions. However, the nutritionally essential amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine, isolated from the injected larvae, contained little radioactivity. A low level of radioactivity in arginine, histidine, and methionine suggests that they were slowly synthesized. The nutritionally non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, aspartic acid, and proline contained large quantities of radioactivity; tyrosine and glycine were exceptions. These results, in agreement with earlier work that used glucose-U-C14, show that radioactivity data are useful for determining certain of the nutritionally essential amino acids.

scholarly journals The Role of Alteration of Glutamic Acid and Gaba in Learning and Memory Impairment of Rats Induced by Aluminum

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Q. Niu ◽  
P. Niu ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
S. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aluminum Exposure ◽  
Step Down

Aluminum exposure has been reported to be related to learning and memory impairment. This study examines the role of aluminum in alterating amino acids of the cerebral cortex of rats. The Step-down type tests were performed to investigate the alteration of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum. The amino acids in the cerebral cortex were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC). Results show that the amounts of aluminum in the cerebral cortex increased by 5.0mgAl3+/(Kg·BW) group and 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. In the Step-down type test, the EN1 increased significantly in the Al3+ 10.0mg/(Kg·BW) group. The latency shortened obviously and the EN2 increased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. The content of Glu (Glutamic acid) increased but the content of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) decreased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. This present study shows evidence that the disorder of amino acid neurotransmitters system plays an important role in the impairment of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum.

EFFECT OF VARIETY AND GROWING CONDITIONS ON THE PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF RAPESEED

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Clandinin ◽  
Louise Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Amino Acid Distribution ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Polish Variety

The protein content and the distribution of essential amino acids in the protein of six varieties or strains of rapeseed grown at three widely separated locations in Alberta, Beaverlodge, Edmonton and Lethbridge, were studied. Differences in protein content and amino acid distribution in the protein of the seed attributable to varietal or strain effects were noted. Turkish and Polish rapeseed were significantly lower in protein content than rapeseed of the Argentine variety. The Argentine variety and the two strains of Argentine-type studied were significantly lower in lysine than the Polish variety. Station differences in protein content approached significance at the 5 per cent level while location had a highly significant effect on the lysine content of the protein of the seed and significant effects on the histidine, arginine, phenylalanine and leucine content.

scholarly journals Myofibrillar Protein Abundance and Anabolic Signaling in Myotubes Depleted of E1 Alpha Subunit of Branched-Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 642-642
Author(s):  
Glory Madu ◽  
Olasunkanmi Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
L6 Myotubes ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Ketoacid Dehydrogenase

Abstract Objectives Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids that are crucial for skeletal muscle anabolism. Thus, alterations in their levels are associated with muscle atrophic diseases such as cancer, chronic inflammatory and neurological disorders. Others have linked impairments in BCAA metabolism to the development of insulin resistance and its sequelae. Compared to the effects of theses amino acids, much less is known on how impairment in BCAA catabolism affects skeletal muscle. BCAA catabolism starts with the reversible transamination by the mitochondrial enzyme branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2). This is followed by the irreversible carboxylation, catalyzed by branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex. We have shown that BCAT2 and BCKD are essential for the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into myotubes. Here, we investigated the effect of depletion of BCAT2 or of E1a subunit of BCKD in differentiated myotubes. Methods On day 4 of differentiation, L6 myotubes were transfected with the following siRNA oligonucleotides: scrambled (control), BCAT2, or E1a subunit of BCKD. Results Forty-eight hours after transfection, compared to control or BCAT2 siRNA group, we observed improved myotube structure in BCKD-depleted cells. BCKD depletion augmented myofibrillar protein levels: myosin heavy chain (MHC, 2-fold) and tropomyosin (4-fold), P < 0.05, n = 3. To further analyze the increase in myofibrillar protein content, we examined signaling through mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), a vital complex necessary for skeletal muscle anabolism. BCKD depletion increased the phosphorylation of mTORC1 upstream activator AKT (52%, P < 0.05, n = 3), and of mTORC1 downstream substrates by 25%-86%, consistent with the increase in myofibrillar proteins. Finally, in myotubes treated with the catabolic cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-a), BCKD depletion tended to increase the abundance of tropomyosin (a myofibrillar protein). Conclusions We showed that depletion of BCKD enhanced myofibrillar protein content and anabolic signaling.  If these data are confirmed in vivo, development of dietary and other interventions that target BCKD abundance or functions may promote muscle protein anabolism in individuals with muscle wasting conditions. Funding Sources MHRC, NSERC York U.

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