scholarly journals The Role of Alteration of Glutamic Acid and Gaba in Learning and Memory Impairment of Rats Induced by Aluminum

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Q. Niu ◽  
P. Niu ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
S. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aluminum Exposure ◽  
Step Down

Aluminum exposure has been reported to be related to learning and memory impairment. This study examines the role of aluminum in alterating amino acids of the cerebral cortex of rats. The Step-down type tests were performed to investigate the alteration of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum. The amino acids in the cerebral cortex were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC). Results show that the amounts of aluminum in the cerebral cortex increased by 5.0mgAl3+/(Kg·BW) group and 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. In the Step-down type test, the EN1 increased significantly in the Al3+ 10.0mg/(Kg·BW) group. The latency shortened obviously and the EN2 increased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. The content of Glu (Glutamic acid) increased but the content of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) decreased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. This present study shows evidence that the disorder of amino acid neurotransmitters system plays an important role in the impairment of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum.

The Role of PKC in Regulating NMDARs in Aluminum-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanting He ◽  
Jingjing Ji ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhao ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment

scholarly journals Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Learning and Memory Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease-Like Neuropathology in the PS19 and APPSwe Mouse Models of Tauopathy and Amyloidosis

eNeuro ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0025-17.2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Isabelle Briggs ◽  
Erwin Defensor ◽  
Pooneh Memar Ardestani ◽  
Bitna Yi ◽  
Michelle Halpain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Memory Impairment

scholarly journals Effect of Different Edaphic Crop Conditions on the Free Amino Acid Profile of PH-16 Dry Cacao Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Quintino Reis de Araujo ◽  
Guilherme Amorim Homem de Abreu Loureiro ◽  
Cid Edson Mendonça Póvoas ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Stephane Sacramento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Free amino acids in cacao beans are important precursors to the aroma and flavor of chocolate. In this research, we used inferential and explanatory statistical techniques to verify the effect of different edaphic crop conditions on the free amino acid profile of PH-16 dry cacao beans. The decreasing order of free amino acids in PH-16 dry cacao beans is leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, glutamine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, tryptophan, threonine, glycine. With the exception of lysine, no other free amino acid showed a significant difference between means of different edaphic conditions under the ANOVA F-test. The hydrophobic free amino acids provided the largest contribution to the explained variance with 58.01% of the first dimension of the principal component analysis. Glutamic acid stands out in the second dimension with 13.09%. Due to the stability of the biochemical profile of free amino acids in this clonal variety, it is recommended that cacao producers consider the genotype as the primary source of variation in the quality of cacao beans and ultimately the chocolate to be produced.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on Memory Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Rubio ◽  
Wang Qiong ◽  
Xinmin Liu ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Haixia Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lepidium Meyenii ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Morris Maze

The present study aims to test two different doses of aqueous extract of black maca on learning and memory in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and their relation with malonalehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (Ache) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) brain levels. Female mice were divided into five groups: (i) naive (control), (ii) sham, (iii) OVX mice and OVX mice treated with (iv) 0.50 g kg−1and (v) 2.00 g kg−1black maca. Mice were orally treated with distilled water or black maca during 35 days starting 7 days after surgery. Memory and learning were assessed using the water Morris maze (from day 23–27) and the step-down avoidance test (days 34 and 35). At the end of each treatment, mice were sacrificed by decapitation and brains were dissected out for MDA, Ache and MAO determinations. Black maca (0.5 and 2.0 g/kg) increased step-down latency when compared to OVX control mice. Black maca decreased MDA and Ache levels in OVX mice; whereas, no differences were observed in MAO levels. Finally, black maca improved experimental memory impairment induced by ovariectomy, due in part, by its antioxidant and Ache inhibitory activities.

The role of π-acidic and π-basic chiral stationary phases in the high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of unusual β-amino acids

Chirality ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Ilisz ◽  
Róbert Berkecz ◽  
Enikő Forró ◽  
Ferenc Fülöp ◽  
Daniel W. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Chiral Stationary Phases ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Role of nitric oxide on GABA, glutamic acid, activities of GABA-T and GAD in rat brain cerebral cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 837 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R Jayakumar ◽  
R Sujatha ◽  
V Paul ◽  
C Asokan ◽  
S Govindasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Rat Brain

scholarly journals Amino Acids and Minerals in Fresh and Processed Catfish, Mackerel and Pork

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Theresah Nkrumah ◽  
Worlah Yawo Akwetey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Chlorine Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The main tissue of meat is the muscle and it is a very rich source of amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, and leucine) and some minerals like magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. In this study, essential amino acid profile in fresh catfish, mackerel, pork and their processed products were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Minerals were determined in the form of cation (magnesium, calcium, potassium, ammonium and sodium) and anion (fluorine, chlorine, Nitrate, Sulphate and phosphate) by Cadmium.mtw and ASUP5 – 100 marvin.mtw respectively. The most abundant amino acids determined were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, methionine and threonine which were found in catfish, mackerel and pork. Values observed were higher (p<0.05) in catfish and mackerel than pork. Fresh catfish and mackerel recorded higher values in most of the amino acids in both raw product and their frankfurters (CF and MF) than fresh pork. Sulphate values were also higher (p<0.05) in raw meat than their frankfurters. Higher level of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium were observed in processed pork frankfurter than fresh pork. Minerals such as calcium and sodium were present but are at a smaller quantity in meat.

scholarly journals Research of water extraction from xenoderm as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Б. В. Павлюк ◽  
Ю. Я. Мельник ◽  
Т. А. Грошовий ◽  
М. Б. Чубка ◽  
В. Й. Скорохода
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph

Today, burns are one of the most common types of injuries in the home and at work around the world. Therefore, the issue of treatment of burns remains relevant today for medicine and pharmacy in particular. In Ukraine, the method of treatment of burns using xenodermoimplants from porcine skin is used, and therefore the crushed substrate of cryolyophilized porcine skin (xenoderm) is a promising active ingredient in the technology of various drug forms. The aim of the work was to study the structural and mechanical properties of water extract from the crushed substrate of the xenoderm and to determine its amino acid composition by using physicochemical analysis, namely using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A glass pycnometer and a Heppler BH 2 MLW drop ball viscometer were used to determine the density and viscosity of the water extract from the xenoderm. The density and viscosity of the water extract were studied at different temperatures. The dependence of the density and viscosity of the water extract from the xenoderm on temperature was studied and it was found that with increasing temperature the dynamic viscosity decreases and the density changes slightly. A glass pycnometer and a viscometer with falling ball were used to determine the density and viscosity of the xenoderm water extract. Chromatographic separation of amino acids was performed on a liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 with a fluorescent detector. Chromatographic determination of amino acids was performed on a liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 (USA) with a fluorescent detector G1315A (USA) and an autosampler 1313A. Using the HPLC method, 16 amino acids were identified (essential – 6; conditionally – 2; nonessential – 8). Identified amino acids are almost in a bound state (1.5%), the largest amount is glutamic acid (0.23%), glycine (0.19%), aspartic acid (0.18%), proline (0.17%) and arginine (0.17%). In unbound form, the content of glutamic acid (0.09%) and glycine (0.06%) is the highest. Based on the results of research, you can choose quality indicators, to determine the appropriate criteria that can be proposed for the standardization of water extract from the crushed substrate of the xenoderm.

scholarly journals Role of oxidative stress in anxiety‐like behavior and learning and memory impairment in a rat model of social stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Patki ◽  
Farida Allam ◽  
Ritu Bohat ◽  
Faizan Jafri ◽  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Memory Impairment
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