scholarly journals Action of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial growth filtrates on Erysiphe diffusa and embryotoxicity assessment in a chicken embryo model

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Mycheli P. da Cruz ◽  
Lucas T. Larentis ◽  
Edgar de S. Vismara ◽  
Lilian de S. Vismara ◽  
Patricia F. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Microdilution Broth

This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial growth filtrates (MGF) on the phytopathogen Erysiphe diffusa and their potential effects on the embryonic development of Gallus gallus. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on E. diffusa spores by the microdilution broth method. To evaluate embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, fertile eggs of G. gallus received injections of solutions containing the filtrates of G. lucidum through the air chamber. After three days of incubation, we opened the eggs and evaluated egg viability, embryo survival, malformation occurrence, embryonic staging and heart rate. Live embryos were prepared using whole mount technique and the morphological analysis was performed. We used the generalized linear model to fit embryotoxicity and teratogenicity data. We verified that G. lucidum MGF showed inhibitory activity in vitro against E. diffusa and the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 5 to 10 mg/mL. We could also observe that the filtrates did not present embryotoxic or teratogenic effects on the early embryonic development of G. gallus, but induced significant differences in the embryonic mean heart rate and on the stage of embryonic development.

Investigation of Direct Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Anticoagulants on Rat Embryonic Development Using In Vitro Culture Method and Genotoxicity Assay

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Uysal ◽  
A. K. Karabulut ◽  
K. Ozdemir ◽  
M. Aksoy ◽  
B. B. Altunkeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Teratogenic Effects

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of two Semisynthetic Triterpene Derivatives from Euphorbia Officinarum Latex Against Fungal and Bacterial Phytopathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Smaili ◽  
Noureddine Mazoir ◽  
Lalla Aicha Rifai ◽  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Kacem Makroum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Verticillium Dahlia

This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial effect of 3β-acetoxy-norlup-20-one (1) and 3-chloro-4α,14α-dimethyl-5α-cholest-8-ene (2), triterpene derivatives from Euphorbia officinarum latex against fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. Results showed that although mycelial growth of several strains of Verticillium dahlia, and Fusarium oxysporum fsp. melonis and Penicillium expansum was affected only moderately, the two compounds were able to reduce highly conidia formation and germination, suggesting that they act as fungistatic compounds. Their antibacterial activity was tested against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), P. syringae pv. tabacci (Pst), Erwinia amylovora (Ea) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (At) using disc diffusion method. Results showed that compound 2 was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Pss, Pst and Ea than compound 1.

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium and Zinc on the Gamete Viability, Fertilization, and Embryonic Development ofTripneustes gratilla(Linnaeus)

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Patrick B. Tualla ◽  
Jayzon G. Bitacura
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Heavy metals are frequently reported for their mutagenic and teratogenic effects on benthic organisms. Thus, this study aimed to determine the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the gametes ofT. gratillaand to compare its fertilization and embryonic development under the highest nongametotoxic concentrations of these heavy metals. Gamete viability ofT. gratillaunder CdCl2and ZnSO4treatments was assayed through resazurin reduction test (RRT) and was confirmed through gamete morphology assay. ZnSO4was more toxic toT. gratillagametes than CdCl2and egg cells were more sensitive to both than the sperm cells. Higher concentrations of CdCl2and ZnSO4induced gamete apoptosis and necrosis while highest nongametotoxic concentrations were determined at 1 × 10−3 M and 1 × 10−4 M, respectively, and were used in anin vitrofertilization and embryonic development experiment. ZnSO4treatment inhibited fertilization more than CdCl2and yielded more deformed embryos, while both induced abnormalities and hindered further embryonic development. This study gives the first report on the specific concentrations of Cd and Zn that are toxic toT. gratillagametes and has confirmed the teratogenic effects of these heavy metals.

scholarly journals Change in energy metabolism of in vitro produced embryos: an alternative to make them more cryoresistant?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Luzia Renata Oliveira Dias ◽  
Ivo Pivato ◽  
Margot Alves Nunes Dode
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Phenazine Ethosulfate

For the development of in vitro produced (IVP) as well as in vivo produced bovine embryos, it is extremely important that their energy metabolism works properly because the embryo must be able to metabolize energy substrates that are necessary for producing energy. Lipids play an important role in early embryonic development, acting as source of energy for oocytes and embryos. However, it is known that oocytes and embryos, mainly IVP, accumulate large amounts of lipids in the cytoplasm. Although they are extremely important in embryonic development, lipids have been associated with the reduced survival of bovine embryos following cryopreservation. There is evidence that at least four different categories of lipids affect embryo survival after cryopreservation, including triglycerides (TAG), free fatty acids, cholesterol and phospholipids. Thus, many studies are being conducted to improve the resistance of IVP embryos to the cryopreservation process by reducing the concentration or removing the source of serum from the medium or by reducing oocyte/embryo lipids using mechanical or chemical means. Regarding the use of delipidating agents that reduce the uptake and synthesis of fatty acids (FA) by cells, substances such as phenazine ethosulfate (PES), forskolin, L-carnitine and isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been utilized. This review aims to address important issues related to embryonic energy metabolism, the importance of lipid metabolism and its relation to the cryopreservation of IVP bovine embryos by summarizing the latest research in this field.

scholarly journals The potential teratogenic effects of interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b on in vitro embryonic development

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ. Uçar ◽  
T. Ertekin ◽  
M. Nisari ◽  
D. Ceylan ◽  
Ö. Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Embryonic Development

The Involvement of Platelets and the Coronary Vasculature in Collagen-Induced Sudden Death in Rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 070-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mallarkey ◽  
G M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Myocardial Ischaemia ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Calcium Entry Blockers

SummaryThe mechanism of collagen-induced sudden death in rabbits was studied by measuring blood pressure (BP), heart rate, ECG, the continuous platelet count and the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto prostaglandin Fia (6-keto PGF1α). Death was preceded by myocardial ischaemia and a sharp fall in BP which occurred before any fall in platelet count was observed. The calcium entry blockers (CEBs), verapamil, nifedipine and PY 108-068 protected the rabbits from sudden death without any significant effect on the decrease in the platelet count or increase in plasma TxB2 levels. 6-keto PGF1α could not be detected in any plasma samples. Indomethacin and tri-sodium citrate also protected the rabbits but significantly reduced the fall in platelet count and plasma TxB2. In vitro studies on isolated aortae indicated that verapamil non-specifically inhibited vasoconstriction induced by KC1, adrenaline and U46619 (a thromboxane agonist). It is concluded that CEBs physiologically antagonize the vasoconstricting actions of platelet-derived substances and that it is coronary vasoconstriction that is primarily the cause of death.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

Antimicrobial Effect of the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) and Its Main Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vazirian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Faramarzi ◽  
Seyed Esmaeil Sadat Ebrahimi ◽  
Hamid Reza Monsef Esfahani ◽  
Nasrin Samadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom
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