scholarly journals Image-Based 3D Modeling as a Documentation Method for Zooarchaeological Remains in Waste-Related Contexts

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Macheridis
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Soil Removal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Documentation Tool ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
Taphonomic Processes

During the last twenty years archaeology has experienced a technological revolution that spans scientific achievements and day-to-day practices. The tools and methods from this digital change have also strongly impacted archaeology. Image-based 3D modeling is becoming more common when documenting archaeological features but is still not implemented as standard in field excavation projects. When it comes to integrating zooarchaeological perspectives in the interpretational process in the field, this type of documentation is a powerful tool, especially regarding visualization related to reconstruction and resolution. Also, with the implementation of image-based 3D modeling, the use of digital documentation in the field has been proven to be time- and cost effective (e.g., De Reu et al. 2014; De Reu et al. 2013; Dellepiane et al. 2013; Verhoeven et al. 2012). Few studies have been published on the digital documentation of faunal remains in archaeological contexts. As a case study, the excavation of the infill of a clay bin from building 102 in the Neolithic settlement of Ҫatalhöyük is presented. Alongside traditional documentation, infill was photographed in sequence at each second centimeter of soil removal. The photographs were processed with Agisoft Photoscan. Seven models were made, enabling reconstruction of the excavation of this context. This technique can be a powerful documentation tool, including recording notes of zooarchaeological significance, such as markers of taphonomic processes. An important methodological advantage in this regard is the potential to measure bones in situ in for analysis after excavation.

Sustainability Study of In-situ Hydroponic Vetiver System for Urban Wastewater Management in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Kaushik Ghosh ◽  
Arup Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Urban wastewater management is a crucial challenge in the small and medium towns situated in the developing countries worldwide. These towns are also facing an increasing gap between infrastructure and population growth. A conventional approach to curb these problems is the application of cost-intensive electro-mechanical sewerage technologies, as adopted in developed countries. The first part of this paper derives a set of indicators to framework a sustainable urban wastewater treatment system by reviewing the current state of wastewater management in developing countries, for example, the sample case study being India. The second part evaluates the potential performance of the proposed alternative in-situ hydroponic vetiver system (HVS) against those set of sustainability indicators by reviewing the worldwide performance of the HVS. The objective of this paper is to assess the potential viability of the HVS as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for developing countries. The current analysis can aid in mainstreaming the use of HVS in policy making and urban planning.

scholarly journals Empirical Coastal Atmospheric Corrosion of Masonry Metal Wall Ties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Igor A. Chaves ◽  
Sean de Prazer ◽  
Barbara Jardim do Nascimento ◽  
Gregory Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Building Assessment ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Metal Wall

Not counting domestic dwellings, it has been estimated that in Australia alone, some tens of thousands of masonry buildings and structures have exceeded their design life, with many of these being at risk of partial (or worse) collapse from falling or dislodged masonry. This has significant implications for human life but also for the urban environment and economic health of building owners, managers, and insurers and for local and national economies. This risk can mainly be attributed to the slow deterioration of masonry under atmospheric and other environments and the corrosion of so-called wall ties. Wall ties are relatively thin pieces of steel that tie the outer leaf of masonry walls to the stabilized inner leaf. The problem is likely severe for scenarios such as cyclonic and earthquake events, as they cause area-wide damage and the potential wide-spread loss of human life—losses that could be prevented by timely intervention. This paper reports on the in situ inspection of two case study buildings and the data obtained from controlled wall tie corrosion field trials, which are used to develop predictive models of structural response. These models will inform practical tools that will be developed for building assessment, cost-effective monitoring, and rectification, assisting in the management of existing masonry buildings.

In situ measurements of target strength with optical and model verification: a case study for blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1986-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy J. Kloser ◽  
Tim E. Ryan ◽  
Gavin J. Macaulay ◽  
Mark E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Abstract Kloser, R. J., Ryan, T. E., Macaulay, G. J., and Lewis, M. E. 2011. In situ measurements of target strength with optical and model verification: a case study for blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1986–1995. In situ measurements of target strength (TS) of isolated fish surrounding dense schools need to be representative of the schooling fish to calculate their echo-integrated biomass. Using synchronous optical and acoustic measurements from a pelagic fishing net, the standard length (81 cm, n = 128), tilt-angle (−9°), and net-disturbed in situ TS (−34.4 dB) of Australian Macruronus novaezelandiae (blue grenadier) were confirmed at depth. In situ drift experiments of assumed undisturbed but dispersed blue grenadier recorded a mean TS of −31.8 dB (CI −33.1 to −30.9 dB) with attributed fish standard lengths of 83 cm (s.d. 7.5 cm) and weight 2.5 kg. Modelling the gasbladder showed that uncertainties in fish length, orientation, and gasbladder size could explain the differences observed. Blue grenadiers have negative buoyancy because the cavity size of their gasbladder is smaller than the volume of gas required for neutral buoyancy at depth. For the same species and length, New Zealand hoki weigh less and have smaller gasbladders than Australian blue grenadier, suggesting a conversion factor of 1.10 in length for comparative measurements. Net-attached acoustic and optical measurements indicate that model and drift in situ measurements are biased high by 2.9 and 1.0 dB, respectively. Net-attached acoustic and optical measurements are a cost-effective method of monitoring TS routinely at depth for changes in species length and weight.

scholarly journals BATHYMETRIC EXTRACTION USING PLANETSCOPE IMAGERY (CASE STUDY: KEMUJAN ISLAND, CENTRAL JAVA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Asih Sekar Sesama ◽  
Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan ◽  
Atriyon Julzarika
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Selection Of

Bathymetry refers to the depth of the seabed relative to the lowest water level. Depth information is essential for various studies of marine resource activities, for managing port facilities and facilities, supporting dredging operations, and predicting the flow of sediment from rivers into the sea. Bathymetric mapping using remote sensing offers a more flexible, efficient,and cost-effective method and covers a largearea. This study aims to determine the ability of Planet Scope imagery to estimate and map bathymetry and to as certain its accuracy using the Stumpf algorithm on the in-situ depth data. PlanetScope level 3B satellite imagery and tide-corrected survey dataare employed; satellite images are useful in high-precision bathymetry extraction.The bathymetric extraction method used the Stumpf algorithm. The research location was Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java. The selection of this region wasbased on its water characteristics, which have a reasonably high variation in depth. Based on the results of the data processing, it was found that the PlanetScope image data were able to estimate depths of up to 20 m. In the bathymetric results, the R2 accuracy value was 0.6952, the average RMSE value was 2.85 m,and the overall accuracy rate was 71.68%.

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Xingyue Zhu ◽  
Kaixiong Yu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Chi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

The socio-spatial politics of royalties and their distribution: A case study of the Surat Basin, Queensland

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110266
Author(s):  
Neil Argent ◽  
Sean Markey ◽  
Greg Halseth ◽  
Laura Ryser ◽  
Fiona Haslam-McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Effective Use

This paper is concerned with the socio-spatial and ethical politics of redistribution, specifically the allocation of natural resources rents from political and economic cores to the economic and geographical peripheries whence the resource originated. Based on a case study of the coal seam gas sector in Queensland's Surat Basin, this paper focuses on the operation of the Queensland State Government's regional development fund for mining and energy extraction-affected regions. Employing an environmental justice framework, we critically explore the operation of these funds in ostensibly helping constituent communities in becoming resilient to the worst effects of the ‘staples trap’. Drawing on secondary demographic and housing data for the region, as well as primary information collected from key respondents from mid-2018 to early 2019, we show that funds were distributed across all of the local government areas, and allocated to projects and places primarily on a perceived economic needs basis. However, concerns were raised with the probity of the funds’ administration. In terms of recognition justice, the participation of smaller and more remote towns and local Indigenous communities was hampered by their structural marginalisation. Procedurally, the funds were criticised for the lack of local consultation taken in the development and approval of projects. While spatially concentrated expenditure may be the most cost-effective use of public monies, we argue that grant application processes should be open, transparent and inclusive, and the outcomes cognisant of the developmental needs of smaller communities, together with the need to foster regional solidarity and coherence.

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