scholarly journals Acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristellina Sangirta Tirtamulia ◽  
Adrian Umboh ◽  
Sarah Maria Warouw ◽  
Vivekenanda Pateda ◽  
Frecillia Regina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by darkening and thickening of skin. AN has been reported to be linked to insulin resistance (IR), that associated with type 2 diabetes, in obese children in many country.Objective To determine the relation between acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children.Methods We conducted a cross sectional study in Wenang District, Manado, from October 2009 until January 2010. We examined 54 obese children aged 10-14  years for insulin resistance using Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). We analyzed the results byT-test and phi coefficient correlation. The value of P<O.05 was significant in statistical analysis.Results Acanthosis nigricans was positive in 33 children. Insulin resistance was found in 34 from 54 subjects, 28 of them has AN and 6has no AN. Obese children with AN had higher HOMA-IR than children without AN. Presence of AN was associated with IR (P<O.OOl, r=0.57).Conclusions There is a weak correlation between AN and IR in obese children. It is important to identify obese children with IR for early intervention and prevention of type  2 diabetes, but AN could not be a reliable marker of IR.

scholarly journals SLC22A1 rs622342 Polymorphism Predicts Insulin Resistance Improvement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kunrong Wu ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Yuedong Xu ◽  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Ziwan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Metformin is the most widely used oral antidiabetic agent and can reduce insulin resistance (IR) effectively. Organic cation transporter 1 (encoded by SLC22A1) is responsible for the transport of metformin, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) is a gene relating to the DNA repair and cell cycle control. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the genetic variants in SLC22A1 rs622342 and ATM rs11212617 could be effective predictors of islet function improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin treatment. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 111 patients with T2DM treated with metformin. Genotyping was performed by the dideoxy chain-termination method. The homeostatic indexes of IR (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-BCF) were determined according to the homeostasis model assessment. Results. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, HbA1c levels, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in patients with the rs622342 AA genotype than in those with C allele (P<0.05). However, these significant differences were not observed between rs11212617 genotype groups. Further data analysis revealed that the association between the rs622342 polymorphism and HOMA-IR was gender related, and so was rs11212617 polymorphism and HOMA-BCF. HOMA-IR was significantly higher in males with rs622342 AA genotype than in those with C allele (P=0.021), and HOMA-BCF value was significantly higher in females carrying rs11212617 CC genotype than in those with A allele (P=0.038). The common logarithm (Lg10) of HOMA-BCF was positively correlated with the reciprocal of HbA1c (r = 0.629, P<0.001) and negatively associated with Lg10 FPG (r = −0.708, P<0.001). Conclusions. The variant of rs622342 could be a predictor of insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM treated with metformin. The association between the rs622342 polymorphism and HOMA-IR and the association between the rs11212617 polymorphism and HOMA-BCF were both gender related.

scholarly journals Impaired compensatory hyperinsulinemia among nonobese type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881988902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jit Sarkar ◽  
Sujay Krishna Maity ◽  
Abhishek Sen ◽  
Titli Nargis ◽  
Dipika Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Group

Aims: Obesity associated prolonged hyperinsulinemia followed by β-cell failure is well established as the pathology behind type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies on nonobese T2DM have reported it to be a distinct clinical entity with predominant insulin secretory defect. We, therefore, hypothesized that compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in nonobese subjects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from a community-based metabolic health screening program. Adiposity parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, plasma leptin concentration and metabolic parameters namely fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in 650 individuals (73% healthy, 62% nonobese with a BMI <25). Results: In contrast to obese T2DM, nonobese T2DM patients did not exhibit significant hyperinsulinemia compared with the nonobese healthy group. Age, sex, and fasting glucose adjusted insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-beta cell function (HOMA-B) were increased in obese T2DM compared with nonobese T2DM. Although adiposity parameters showed strong correlation with fasting insulin in obese healthy ( r = 0.38, 0.38, and 0.42, respectively; all p values < 0.001) and T2DM ( r = 0.54, 0.54, and 0.66, respectively; all p < 0.001), only BMI and leptin showed a weak correlation with insulin in the nonobese healthy group (0.13 and 0.13, respectively; all p < 0.05) which were completely lost in the nonobese T2DM. Conclusions: Compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in the nonobese population making insulin secretory defect rather than IR the major pathology behind nonobese T2DM.

scholarly journals Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pivatto ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Hugo Amigo ◽  
Ana Maria Acosta ◽  
Antonio Arteaga
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.

scholarly journals Serum magnesium and visfatin levels in newly diagnosed non-obese type 2 diabetes without insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Shatha R. ‎Moustafa ‎ ◽  
Iman M. Jebur ◽  
‎Muntadher A. Hasan ◽  
Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum antithrombin 3 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Jian-bin Su ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Dong-mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Antithrombin 3 (AT3) is a physiological inhibitor of thrombin, and serum AT3 activity was found to be decreased at the status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was presented with an increased risk of thrombotic complications at the background of impaired insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity indices and serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2D who consented to participate in the study at the Endocrinology Department of Affiliated 2 Hospital of Nantong University from January 2015 to June 2018. All patients received serum AT3 activity test and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Basal and systemic insulin sensitivity were assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda index (ISIMatsuda), respectively, from the OGTT. And other relevant clinical data were also collected. Results: Total 1612 patients with T2D were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 58.67±13.09 years and a median diabetes duration of 6 years (interquartile range, 1–10 years). Across ascending quartiles of serum AT3, HOMA-IR progressively decreased, while ISIMatsuda progressively increased (all p for trend <0.001). Moreover, serum AT3 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r= –0.189, p<0.001) and positively correlated with ISIMatsuda (r=0.221, p<0.001). After adjusting for other metabolic risk factors, hemostatic parameters and glucose-lowering therapies by multivariate liner regression analysis, HOMA-IR (β= −0.185, t= −5.960, p<0.001) and ISIMatsuda (β= 0.197, t=6.632, p<0.001) remained independently associated with the serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D, respectively. Conclusions: Reduced basal and systemic insulin sensitivity are associated with decreased serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052093680
Author(s):  
Yayun Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Ye ◽  
Dafa Ding ◽  
Yibing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Objective To study the characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and analyze the association between the intestinal flora and clinical indicators. Methods We classified 80 subjects into three groups: patients with DPN (n = 45), patients type 2 diabetes without DPN (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 14). The intestinal flora composition was compared among the three groups, and the correlation between the intestinal flora and clinical indicators was analyzed. Results At the phylum level, the richness of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was elevated in the DN group, and that of Bacteroidetes was decreased. At the genus level, the richness of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in the DPN group, whereas that of Escherichia- Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcus torques group was increased. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index was positively correlated with Megasphaera richness. Glycine ursodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with Ruminococcus gnavus group and Phascolarctobacterium richness. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with Ruminococcus gnavus group and Parabacteroides richness. Conclusion There was obvious intestinal microbiota disorder in patients with DPN, which may be related to insulin resistance. These changes may have important roles in the development of DPN.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms on the Insulin Resistance Index in Patients with Diabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Helma Karimi ◽  
Masoumeh Nezhadali ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Maryam Mahdavi ◽  
Sara Sheikholeslami
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensitive Group

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Some adipokine hormones can affect both human and animal models of insulin resistance. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> This study was conducted to assess the association between rs17300539 and rs266729 of the adiponectin gene and insulin resistance and anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic participants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> DNA was extracted from 80 participants with fasting blood sugar (FBS) &#x3c;100 mg/dL in nondiabetics and 80 participants with FBS ≥100 mg/dL in the IFG/T2DM group. Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Insulin and adiponectin hormone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other biochemical variables were determined using the standard methods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the IFG/T2DM and the nondiabetic group were significantly different (IFG/T2DM = 3.27, nondiabetic = 1.71; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The frequency of the GA genotype of rs17300539 was higher in the insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR ≥2.6, 29.7%) than in the insulin-sensitive group (HOMA-IR &#x3c;2.6, 18.4%) and the GG genotype were more frequent in the insulin-sensitive group (81.6%); however, it had a marginal association (<i>p</i> = 0.07). This association was not statistically significant for rs266729. HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) and was negatively correlated with adiponectin level. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> IFG/T2DM patients have a higher level of HOMA-IR in comparison with nondiabetics. The genotype of GA in rs17300539 increases the risk of HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR has a positive correlation with TC and TG. Moreover, HOMA-IR increases the risk of T2DM.

scholarly journals Habitual Miso (Fermented Soybean Paste) Consumption Is Associated with a Low Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Yuka Kawate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index ◽  
Low Prevalence

Insulin resistance is a risk of sarcopenia, and the presence of sarcopenia is high in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It has been reported that habitual miso soup consumption was associated with lower insulin resistance. However, the association between habitual miso consumption and the presence of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM, especially sex difference, was unclear. In this cross-sectional study, 192 men and 159 women with T2DM were included. Habitual miso consumption was defined as consuming miso soup regularly. Having both low skeletal muscle mass index (<28.64% for men, <24.12% for women) and low adjusted hand grip strength (<51.26% for men, <35.38% for women) was defined as sarcopenia. The proportions of sarcopenia were 8.7% in men and 22.6% in women. The proportions of habitual miso consumption were 88.0% in men and 83.6% in women. Among women, the presence of sarcopenia was lower in the group with habitual miso consumption (18.8% versus 42.3%, p = 0.018); however, there was no association between habitual miso consumption and the presence of sarcopenia in men. Habitual miso consumption was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in women (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.20 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.62), p = 0.005) but not in men. This study indicated that habitual miso consumption was associated with the presence of sarcopenia in women but not in men.

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