scholarly journals ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN RAW MATERIALS OF SOME TAXA OF THE GENUS PAEONIA L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Antonina Anatol'yevna Reut ◽  
Svetlana Galimullovna Denisova ◽  
Kira Aleksandrovna Pupykina

The main purpose of the article was to study the content of the biochemical composition of different raw materials (flowers, leaves, stems, roots) of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. (species ‒ P. peregrina Mill., P. officinalis L., P. lactiflora Pall., P. delavayi Franch., varieties ‒ Mechta S.P. Koroleva, Olga Kravchenko, Polyarnik 8, Sabantuy), introduced and grown on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences for further use as a new source of medicinal plant raw materials. The presence of amino acids was determined by the amino acid analyzer AAA-339 (HSSR), elemental composition ‒ by atomic absorption spectrometry. As a result of commodity analysis found that the leaves of paeony in maximum quantities accumulate ascorbic acid and starch; in the roots – sugar; in the stems – fiber; in flowers – carotenoids and protein. The study of the elemental composition of paeony showed that the P. peregrina quantitative content of calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, manganese is superior to other types of peony; among the varieties, the maximum values of sodium, calcium, copper and iodine were noted in Olga Kravchenko. The presence of 14 amino acids, 9 of which are essential, was revealed. The maximum accumulation of amino acids is observed in the leaves of most species and in the stems of varieties of paeony. The amount of essential amino acids is 2.51–4.88 mg/%, the sum of all amino acids is 5.96–9.46 mg/%, which reflects the biological value of the objects of study.

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Юлия Юрьевна Миллер ◽  
Валентина Ивановна Бакайтис ◽  
Анатолий Анатольевич Орлов ◽  
Татьяна Федоровна Киселева

Производство натурального кваса брожения предусматривает использование в технологии традиционно ржаного солода ферментированного или неферментированного (реже муки) и ячменного солода. С целью обогащения продукта незаменимыми для организма человека компонентами в рецептуру напитка вводят различное растительное сырье, отличающееся повышенным содержанием витаминов, минеральных или других биологически активных веществ. Нами предложена технология кваса с использованием высокобелковистого зернового сырья - соевого и овсяного солода, отличающихся повышенным содержанием аминокислот в сравнении с другими злаковыми, используемыми в пивобезалкогольной отрасли. Разработаны 2 рецептуры кваса с обязательным содержанием в обоих случаях ячменного и ржаного ферментированного солода и с добавлением в первом варианте соевого солода в количестве 20 % от общей массы зернопродуктов, во втором - овсяного солода в количестве 15 %. Технология кваса предусматривает стадии приготовления квасного сусла настойным способом, сбраживание квасного сусла сухими хлебопекарными дрожжами при температуре 28…30 °С в течение 20 ч, охлаждение и осветление напитков, розлив. Все зерновое сырье в процессе получения на его основе солода на стадии замачивания обрабатывалось комплексом органических кислот, активизирующим физиологические и биохимические процессы зерна при проращивании. Определены основные качественные и значимые технологические показатели исходного сырья, в том числе ферментативная активность, демонстрирующая высокий уровень, для соевого солода дополнительно определен уровень уреазы, находящийся в допустимых нормах и позволяющий ему быть использованным в пищевых технологиях. Готовые напитки имеют высокие показатели по органолептической оценке - внесение альтернативного сырья их не ухудшило, по показателям качества соответствуют требованиям, предусмотренным стандартом, отличаются повышенным содержанием заменимых и незаменимых аминокислот в сравнении с традиционным квасом. The production of natural fermentation kvass involves the use of traditionally fermented or unfermented rye malt (less often flour) and barley malt in the technology. In order to enrich the product with essential components for the human organism, various plant raw materials are introduced into the recipe of the drink, which are characterized by an increased content of vitamins, minerals or other biologically active substances. We have proposed the technology of kvass using high-protein grain raw materials-soy malt and oat malt, which are characterized by an increased content of amino acids in comparison with other cereals used in the beer and non-alcoholic industry. Two kvass recipes have been developed with an obligatory content of barley and rye fermented malt in both cases and with the addition of soy malt in the first version in the amount of 20 % of the total weight of grain products, in the second - oat malt in the amount of 15 %. The technology of kvass provides for the stages of preparation of kvass wort by the tincture method, fermentation of kvass wort with dry baking yeast at a temperature of 28…130 °C for 20 hours, cooling and clarification of drinks, bottling. All grain raw materials in the process of obtaining malt on its basis at the soaking stage were treated with a complex of organic acids that activates the physiological and biochemical processes of grain during germination. The main qualitative and substantial technological indicators of the raw material were determined, including the enzymatic activity, which demonstrates a high level, and the level of urease, which is within permissible standards and allows it to be used in food technologies, was additionally determined for soy malt. According to the organoleptic assessment, produced drinks have high indicators, the introduction of alternative raw materials did not worsen them, in terms of quality they match the requirements provided for by the standard, they are characterized by an increased content of interchangeable and essential amino acids in comparison with traditional kvass.


2019 ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Vladimir Il'ich Otmahov ◽  
Inessa Vladimirovna Shilova ◽  
Elena Vasil'yevna Petrova ◽  
Anastasiya Alekseyevna Loginova ◽  
Evgeniya Sergeyevna Rabtsevich ◽  
...  

Using the methods of arc atomic emission spectrometry (AAES), atomic emission flame photometry (AEFP), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the elemental composition of the aerial part of widely used in medical practice Alfredia cernua and Filipendula ulmaria, extracts and fractions obtained from them, is investigated. It was shown that not only biologically active substances, but also mineral elements are extracted by extractants, which may be due both to the formation of complexes with biologically active substances and affinity for extractants. Therefore, the elemental composition must be considered as an important component of plant extracts and medicinal products obtained from them. Simultaneously with biologically active substances in ethanol extracts there is an accumulation of not only biogenic, but also toxic elements, which degree of extraction is often higher. It increases even more during the transition from periodic to countercurrent extraction, which allows to obtain extracts with the highest yield of biologically active substances. Since the enriched extract is directly used to obtain the dosage form, a preliminary elemental analysis is necessary. Analytical control of the content of TM is also necessary when choosing the place of growth of plants raw materials, which are used to create medicinal herbal remedies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
С. А. Козира ◽  
Т. М. Гонтова ◽  
С. І. Степанова ◽  
В. П. Гапоненко ◽  
В. В. Машталер ◽  
...  

Among the relevant for the modern pharmacy problems, there is a need for the rational complex use of known medicinal plants, as well as the search for new sources of natural biologically active compounds in order to expand the list of official medicinal plants and raw material base. Species of genus Geum L. contain a number of biological active substances and are promising sources of raw materials for the production of antimicrobial, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic medicines. Pharmacological activity of these plants results from their multi-component chemical composition, including tannins, flavonoids, macro- and microelements and other compounds. The aim of thе study was to compare the elemental composition of herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. of Ukrainian flora. The objects of the study were the samples of herb and rhizome with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. (dried raw materials) which were collected in the Kharkiv region, Ruski Tishki village, in June-August 2018–2019. The determination of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy with atomization in an air-acetylene flame using a spectrometer CAS 120 («Selmi», Sumy, Ukraine). In the studied samples, 19 elements were determined, including 5 macroelements and 14 microelements. The data about accumulation of elements in investigated herb of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq., G. rivale L. can be arranged in descending order as follows: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P > Fe > Al > Na > Sr > Zn, and in rhizomes with roots as follows – K > Si > Ca > Mg > Fe > P > Al > Na > Sr > Zn. The content of toxic elements such as cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury was within the permissible limits for plant raw materials and food. For the first time, a comparative study of the macro- and microelement composition in herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. has been carried out. Using the method of atomic absorption spectral analysis, 19 elements have been identified and their content has been determined, among which К, Ca, Mg, Si, P, Fe, Al, Na, Mn, Zn predominantly accumulate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
O. A. Коrablova ◽  
D. B. Rakhmetov ◽  
M. I. Shanaida ◽  
O. M. Vergun ◽  
Т. S. Bagatska ◽  
...  

Purpose. To determine mineral composition of plants of species of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus L., A. abrotanum L. and A. argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot) to determine the possibility of their safe use in the food and pharmaceutical industries of Ukraine. Methods. X‑ray fluorescence method for determining the elemental composition of plant raw materials. Results. The content of mineral elements in plants of the genus Artemisia was determined depending on their ability to absorb elements from the soil and accumulate in the roots and organs of the aerial part was determined. The quantitative content of 21 macro- and microelements was established, and some peculiarities of their migration and distribution in the soil – roots – plant system were revealed. In particular, the aerial part of the studied plants contains K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, which are the most important elements in the life of the plant organism. The content of mesoelements Ca and S is quite high. The amount of toxic elements Pb, Sr and Zr in plants is insignificant. Elements K and S accumulate in the aerial part. The content of elements in the aerial part of plants by decreasing their concentration can be represented in the form of the following series: for Artemisia dracunculus – S> K> Ca> Cl> Fe> Sr> Zn> Mn> Cu> Zr> Rb> Br> Cr; for A. abrotanum – K> Ca> S> Cl> Fe> Zn> Sr> Mn> Cu> Br> Cr> Co> Zr> Rb> Ni; for A. argyi – K> Ca> S> Fe> Cl> Sr> Zn> Mn> Co> Zr> Cu> Rb> Br> Se. The content of toxic elements in the studied plants was lower than the maximum allowable concentrations for plant raw materials and food. Conclusions. For the first time under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine in the plants Artemisia dracunculus, A. abrotanum and A. argyi the content of macro- and microelements, which are directly related to the metabolism of biologically active compounds, was determined. The peculiarities of their distribution by plant organs during the transition from soil to aboveground mass have been clarified. The obtained results can be used to evaluate and compare the quality of plant raw materials of the genus Artemisia, to determine the pharmacological properties of these plants associated with some elements of the mineral composition, and their use in the medical and food industries. The obtained data have both scientific and practical significance in the selection of economically valuable plant species for the enrichment of the cultivated flora of Ukraine.


Author(s):  
E.V. Robonen ◽  
◽  
N.P. Chernobrovkina ◽  
B.V. Raevsky ◽  
A.V. Egorova ◽  
...  

Forests produce a huge amount of organic matter, which is a source of renewable raw materials for the production of technical, feed, food and pharmaceutical products. The logging and woodworking industry in Karelia, as in Russia as a whole, is based exclusively on stem wood. Woody greens are formed while felling ripe and over-mature stands, thinning and implementation of measures for the conservation, protection and reproduction of forests including forest stands cutting. The development of technologies for the use of woody greens is necessary for the multi-purpose utilization of the entire phytomass produced by forest plant communities. An additional economic incentive for young stands thinning and limbing, that are used to improve the quality of logs, is the ability to reduce costs or even ensure the profitability of these measures driven by the development of processing plants and the use of wastes generated during transportation: thinners, low-quality and low-value decidous wood, woody greens, that are raw materials for the production of biologically active preparations of various action. The urgent tasks are to increase the use of importsubstituting pharmaceutical substances and to search the alternative methods for producing raw materials for nutrient mixtures and feed stuff. Technologies for modifying the biochemical composition of coniferous greens, resulting in production of plant raw materials enriched with target biologically active substances, are being developed for the exploration of new plant sources. The water-soluble fraction of coniferous greens contains free amino acids, in particular L-arginine, which plays an important role in the life of animals. A promising way is to increase the free amino acids content in coniferous raw materials and change their quantitative ratio by regulation of the mineral nutrition regime of woody plants. An original scheme of additional supply of coniferous plants with nitrogen and boron is proposed in order to obtain coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine. The use of conifers as bioproducers of L-arginine and the study of its metabolism with reference to climatic factors, conditions of mineral nutrition, seasonal and daily dynamics in the natural environment, the search for ways to increase its level in organs and tissues is of current interest both on the theoretical and practical sides. Obtaining coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine will allow organizing the production of coniferous products for nutrient and pharmaceutical use. It is necessary to analyze the potential sources of raw materials taking into account their availability, costs for enriching the needles with L-arginine and product yield per unit area to assess the economic feasibility of organizing such production. A developed sequence of forestry measures will make it possible to obtain needles enriched with L-arginine, both in the process of implementing various types of forest use, and in carrying out activities aimed at increasing the productivity of forests and preserving their useful functions. Herewith, it is possible to turn costly cleaning and fertilizing of young Scots pine stands into profitable ones with additional products. Technologies of intentional changes in the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plant raw materials obtained from woody plants will allow the development of new raw materials for biologically active substances.


2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012121
Author(s):  
S N Nikonovich ◽  
N A Tarasenko ◽  
S I Kucherova

Abstract The article deals with the issues of deep processing of non-traditional plant raw materials – amaranth. The authors found that amaranth seeds of various types are a source of starch and protein, balanced in amino acid composition. A comparative assessment of the main nutrients and mineral composition of amaranth seeds with traditional crops showed that amaranth seeds are unique as raw materials for the production of biologically active additives. It is proved that a fine powder of whole-ground flour is possible to obtain by double mechanical processing of amaranth seeds with mandatory heat treatment before introduction into the recipe. It was experimentally revealed that the developed biologically active additive has a high nutritional value and functional properties, which are formed due to squalene content, essential amino acids and plant phospholipids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Solomonova ◽  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Trusov ◽  
Tatyana Dmitrievna Nozdrina

The relevance of the search for alternative plant raw materials to enrich the diets of population throughout the world, including in the Russian Federation, is explained by global mass year-round insufficiency of biologically active nutrients in food. This work is aimed at identifying the most promising food plant species from the list, proposed on basis of long-term observations by staff of Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), by bachelors, studying in direction 06.03.01 (Biology) at Moscow State University of Food Production. The research materials (2016-2018) are fruits of hawthorns, rosehips, quince, eleutherococcuses, medlar, mahonia, spindle tree, yews, sumacs, oaks, red-fruited honeysuckles and needles of coniferous plants. Research results indicate the value of studied raw materials as a whole and its advantages in compared species within the genus of plants. Some recommendations for practical usage were made. The following things have been proposed: separation of fruit pulp and seeds before drying of fruits of Crataegus submollis and more preferable C. punctata; wide plantation cultivation of rosehips Rosa amblyotis and R. oxyodon; non-waste separate application of pericarp and seeds of Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica and Mahonia aquifolium; medicinal use of fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus , and more preferable E. senticosus ; further study of cones of Taxus baccata and T. media; as a spice there is usage of fruits of Rhus typhina ; obtaining unique oils from fruit pulp of Lonicera glehnii, L . ferdinandii, L. maackii and arils of Euonymus europaeus; usage of acorns of Quercus robur, Q. rubra and needles of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris in feed production. Thus, possibilities of intensifying plant resource usage in the food industry and agriculture were discovered, primarily due to fruits of native introduced species. It is necessary to continue search and further study of the most promising species - sources of alternative plant raw materials.


2019 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
M. I. Shanayda

Researching of the amino acids contents in medicinal plant raw materials is an important task of pharmaceutical science and practice, because complexes of amino acids used for the corrections of hepatobiliary disorders, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of amіno acids composition of these representatives. The article presents the results of the amino acid composition investigation of the above-ground parts of 10 species belonging to Lamiaceae Juss. Family (Ocimum, Hyssopus, Dracocephalum, Lophanthus, Monarda and Satureja genera). By paper chromatography it was identified several amino acids. HPLC analyzes revealed the content and composition of more than 20 amino acids. The highest total amino acid composition was found in the herb of the genus Ocimum. It was identified 10 essential and non-essential 9 amino acids in each herb, and 3 nonproteinogenic amino acids also. It was established that in all plant materials dominate quantitatively nonessential amino acids (asparagine, proline, glutamic and aspartic acid). Among the essential amino acids arginine and threonine predominate.


Author(s):  
Ю.К. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
Ю.Ф. РОСЛЯКОВ ◽  
В.В. ЛИТВЯК

Исследованы биологические особенности (морфология поверхности, а также качественный и количественный состав белков) семян (плодов) пряно-ароматических растений: кориандра (Coriandrum sativumL.), тмина (Carum carvi L.) и укропа (Anethum graveolens L.). Методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии установлена нерегулярная поверхность семян кориандра, тмина и укропа. На их поверхности идентифицировано большое количество бороздок, углублений, бугорков. Поверхность шероховатая и содержит много волосков. Особенно много волосков имеется на поверхности семян тмина. Определено, что в 100 г семян кориандра, тмина и укропа содержится: общего белка – 12,37; 19,77 и 15,98 г соответственно, свободных аминокислот – 1,42; 18,46 и 8,39 г соответственно. Сумма положительно заряженных незаменимых аминокислот (аргинина, гистидина и лизина) в 100 г кориандра, тмина и укропа составляет соответственно 0,149; 2,833 и 2,621 г, сумма отрицательно заряженных аминокислот (аспарагиновой и глутаминовой) – 0,71; 5,253 и 0,633 г соответственно. Результаты исследований будут способствовать совершенствованию технологии глубокой переработки растительного сырья для получения семян высокого качества с заданными свойствами путем отделения примесей органической и неорганической природы. The biological features (surface morphology, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of proteins) of seeds of spicy-aromatic plants: coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Carum carvi L.) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were studied. The irregular surface of coriander, cumin and dill seeds was established by scanning electron microscopy. A large number of grooves, depressions, and bumps have been identified on their surface. The surface is rough and contains a lot of hairs. There are especially many hairs on the surface of cumin seeds. It was determined that 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill seeds contain: total protein – 12,37; 19,77 and 15,98 g respectively, free amino acids – 1,42; 18,46 and 8,39 g respectively. The sum of positively charged essential amino acids (arginine, histidine and lysine) in 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill is 0,149, 2,833 and 2,621 g respectively, the sum of negatively charged amino acids (aspartic and glutamic) is 0,71; 5,253 and 0,633 g respectively. The results of the research will contribute to the improvement of the technology of deep processing of plant raw materials to obtain high-quality seeds with desired properties by separating impurities of organic and inorganic nature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA HELENA SAWICKA ◽  
PARISA ZIARATI ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK ◽  
DOMINIKA SKIBA

The increase in consumer awareness about food and health has led to an increase in the demand for food containing biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants, which can help the human body fight the oxidative stress. Many unconventional or new sources of antioxidants have been discovered, which is a priority not only for food, but also for the pharmaceutical industry. It has been shown that not only raw materials, but also waste from fruit and vegetable processing contains valuable molecules, such as: proteins, essential amino acids, antioxidants, dietary fibers, natural pigments, or aromatic compounds, that can be extracted, purified and modernized in food products or pharmaceuticals with added value. This is the basis of huge potential of not only plant and biotechnology raw materials, but also food waste for the use as a source of antioxidants.  


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