scholarly journals RESEARCH OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF TECHNICAL HYDROLYSIS LIGNIN AS A COMPONENT OF FUEL BRIQUET

2020 ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vasil'yevich Aleksandrov ◽  
Anastasiya Valer'yevna Afanasova ◽  
Anatoliy Pavlovich Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Thermogravimetric Studies ◽  
Required Quality

The results of studies of changes in the fractional composition, calorific value and structure of lignin as a component of the fuel briquette as a result of mechanical activation based on the interpretation  of experimental research data are given in the article. Criteria for mechanical activation are proposed. To identify the joint effect of mechanical activation time and the proportion of technical in the composition of the briquette, the experiment planning method was applied. As a result of data processing, a regression equation was obtained for predicting the calorific value of briquettes from the lignin content and the time of its mechanical activation, and its adequacy was proved. The developed methods and criteria for evaluating the results of thermogravimetric studies allow us to predict the efficiency of mechanical activation and the calorific value of technical hydrolysis lignin as a component of fuel briquette. At the same time, by varying the compositional composition and technological parameters of briquetting, it is possible to predict the production of fuel briquettes of required quality from wood waste.

scholarly journals Mechano-Activation and SHS of Difficultly Taken Ore

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
O. Bayrakova ◽  
O. Golovchenko ◽  
S. Aknazarov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Refractory Ores

Technological parameters of opening refractory ores by mechanical activation which determine remaining and the morphology of the samples after mechanical activation, SHS synthesis and the leaching process has been defined. Mechano-chemical activation of arsenopirita in different modes increases process have been defined. Optimal conditions for activation: time - 30 min at a ratio of grinding media and mineral 2:1. Leaching rate was higher for the activated samples the same amount of time than the original. Extraction of gold for the chosen optimum conditions is 93.2-95 %.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PECTIN CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING IN THE VEGETABLE-MILK FORCEMEATS TECHNOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Grygoriy Deynychenko ◽  
Victoriya Gnitsevych ◽  
Tatiana Yudina ◽  
Iryna Nazarenko ◽  
Olena Vasylieva
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Methods Of Determination ◽  
Vegetable Milk ◽  
Β Carotene

The algorithm of the study that includes theoretical analysis and physical experiment was elaborated for the study of technological parameters of pectin containing raw material processing in the vegetable-milk forcemeats technology. The expedience of using carrot Shantenee, pumpkin Guiley and marrow Zolotinka as the sources of pectin substances in the technology of combined forcemeats on the milk base was grounded. Technological parameters of pectin containing raw material processing for realization of its target properties as an amendment and stabilizer of the structure in milk-vegetable forcemeats technology were theoretically grounded. The methods of determination of soluble pectin and protopectin content and also the methods of determination of рН medium were chosen. The methods of experiment planning and mathematical processing of experimental data were carried out using computer programs MS Excel 97 2003 and MatCAD. The influence of рН medium, temperature and duration of thermal processing of carrot, pumpkin and marrow on the process of accumulation of soluble pectin in them was studied. The formation technology of puree of the vegetables that have the increased viscosity and are not stratified at the storage and further use. Accumulation of soluble pectin that expresses the properties of structure stabilizer and favors the increase of vegetable puree viscosity causes the expedience of its use in milk-vegetable forcemeats technology. The use of vegetable puree in milk-vegetable forcemeats technology allows widen the assortment and provide the mutual enrichment of the receipt components of combined forcemeat masses with milk proteins, β-carotene, food fibers, vitamins and other functional ingredients.

scholarly journals Research on the relative productivity of a drum mill type SAG 8.5×5.3

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Ivan Minin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Relative Productivity ◽  
Required Quality

The determination of the optimal operational mode of drum mills can be assessed by different criteria. The most important of them can be formulated as follows: “To be specified and established the values of the mill operational parameters regarding to which it is possible to be provided the user’s expected performance at the required quality of the final product and the same to be achieved at minimal energy consumption”. For the fulfillment of this condition, there has to be determined the laws of productivity variation, the final product quality and the energy consumption in function of the adequately chosen representative control parameters of the mill. There are obtained mathematical models, describing the most important technological parameters of the machine and are made conclusions about the factors influencing on them.

scholarly journals KRAFT LIGNIN AS AN ADDITIVE IN PINE AND EUCALYPTUS PARTICLE COMPOSITION FOR BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Alice do Carmo Precci Lopes ◽  
Robisnéia Adriana Ribeiro ◽  
Rafael Quezada Reyes ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of briquettes produced with different proportions of pine and eucalyptus wood, as well as to characterize the potential of kraft lignin as an additive in the composition of briquettes for energy generation. The treatments differed from one another in the pine and eucalyptus wood particle ratios (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), as well as for the kraft lignin content (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%). The biomasses were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and briquette properties were evaluated according to apparent density, lower calorific value (LCV), energy density, and maximum burst load. The results showed an increase in the apparent density as the proportion of lignin and eucalyptus in the briquettes increased. The particle composition of the briquettes had a higher influence on the energy density increase compared to the addition of kraft lignin, being more significant in briquettes produced with higher proportions of eucalyptus. It was also observed that the addition of lignin increased the resistance to the rupture load, and that there was a specific value at which this resistance was higher (at 7% or 11% of lignin, depending on the proportion of particles). Additionally, the briquettes made with 100% pine achieved greater mechanical resistance. In general, kraft lignin presented good potential for use as a briquette additive, contributing to improved energy and mechanical properties.

Biomass Production of Switchgrass in Saline-Alkali Land

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li Liu ◽  
Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Theoretical Ethanol Yield ◽  
Biomass Increase

A field experiment was carried out to study the growth characteristics of switchgrass cultivated in saline-alkali lands. The results show that: the survival rate, plant height, tiller numbers per plant and biomass yield of switchgrass significantly reduce with the increasing magnitude of salinity-alkalinity stresses. Switchgrass can grow in saline-alkali environments, the survival rate is more than 85%, and the overwintering rate is more than 95%. Switchgrass plants grow better in mild and moderate saline-alkali lands, and it achieve the highest biomass yield and theoretical ethanol yield of 14.3 t/ha and 5958.8 l/ha respectively, in the third year. With saline-alkali stress, ash and lignin content of switchgrass biomass increase, calorific value, cellulose and hemicelluloses content of switchgrass biomass decrease, and fuel quality of switchgrass biomass reduce to a certain extent.

Influence of mechanical activation time, annealing, and Fe/O ratio on Fe3O4/Fe composites formation from Fe2O3 and Fe powders mixture

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traian Florin Marinca ◽  
Bogdan Viorel Neamţu ◽  
Ionel Chicinaş ◽  
Petru Pascuta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Activation Time

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF AN EXTRUDER WITH ELASTIC SCREW ELEMENTS ON THE EXPANSION INDEX OF THE EXTRUDATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kondratyuk ◽  
Victor Dmitrenko
Keyword(s):  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Section Structure ◽  
High Pressure Zone ◽  
Thermoplastic Properties

The processing of feed by extrusion improves the level of absorption by animals. In the extruder, due to frictional forces, the grain mass is heated to a temperature of 120 ... 150 ° C and acquires thermoplastic properties. Due to the transition of the heated mass from the high-pressure zone to the atmospheric zone, adiabatic expansion occurs, as a result of which the volume of the extrudate increases due to the destruction of the granular structure of starch at the cellular level. The extrudate acquires a microporous structure, which contributes to a more complete absorption of nutrients by the animal body. The purpose of the work is to determine the rational values of the factors that most significantly influence the extrusion process and to evaluate the degree of their influence on the extrusion index of the grain mixture of cereals. The studies were performed using a sample of the model extruder section structure, the coils of the screw extruder can oscillate along its axis. A blend of corn, barley and winter wheat in a 5: 3: 2 ratio was used as the study object. The effect of the extruder parameters and modes on the extrudate expansion index was studied using the multivariate experiment planning method. The extrudate expansion index was defined as the ratio of the extrudate diameter to the diameter of the die. To study the process, the following factors were selected that most significantly influence the extrusion process and the extrudate expansion index: die diameter X1 (d, mm), relative humidity of the grain mixture X2 (W,%) and temperature of the extrusion process X3 (T, 0C). The levels of variation of the factors were as follows (initially recorded the zero level of factors, and after the interval of variation): X1 (6; 2 mm), X2 (16; 4%) and X3 (135; 25 0C). As a result of the conducted researches the following rational parameters and modes of operation of the extruder were established: diameter of die d = 4.9… 5.9 mm; humidity of grain mixture W = 17,7… 20%; the temperature of the extrusion process T = 140… 145 0C, and a die diameter of 4.9 ... 5, 9mm.

scholarly journals Structure formation in binary systems hydrolysis lignin – oil product and thermochemical transformations of composites on their basis

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Reznikov ◽  
Tatyana A. Savitskaya ◽  
Dmitry D. Grinshpan
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Diffusion Limited Aggregation ◽  
Industrial Oil

Rheological properties of hydrophobized hydrolysis lignin dispersions in tank oil, diesel fuel, and industrial oil were under study. It was found that at the hydrolysis lignin content of more than 20 wt. %, a coagulation-thixotropic structure with a pseudoplastic flow pattern is formed. The parameters of structure formation calculated within the theory of elastic flocks made it possible to characterize dispersions in diesel fuel as least structured. In accordance with the theory of diffusion-limited aggregation, a computer model of the aggregate of hydrolytic lignin particles in diesel fuel was calculated and its internal structure was established using the proposed method of computer analysis of digital photographs. Machine learning was used to predict the optimal conditions for the production of mesoporous activated carbons from hydrolysis lignin. Experimentally obtained carbons are characterized by total pore volume of (0.95 ± 0.05) cm3/g and BET surface area of (1700 ± 85) m2/g, that corresponds to the predicted parameters.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the reaction kinetics of three residual biomasses

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2891-2905
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Martinez ◽  
Lourdes Meriño ◽  
Alberto Albis ◽  
Jorge Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Biomass Residues

Kinetic analysis for the combustion of three agro-industrial biomass residues (coconut husk, corn husk, and rice husk) was carried out in order to provide information for the generation of energy from them. The analysis was performed using the results of the data obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three heating rates (10, 20, and 30 K/min). The biomass residues were characterized in terms of proximate analysis, elemental analysis, calorific value, lignin content, α-cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and holocellulose content. The biomass fuels were thermally degraded in an oxidative atmosphere. The results showed that the biomass thermal degradation process is comprised of the combustion of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The kinetic parameters of the distributed activation energy model indicated that the activation energy distribution for the pseudocomponents follows lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in descending order. The activation energy values for each set of reactions are similar between the heating rates, which suggests that it is independent of the heating rate between 10 K/min and 30 K/min. For all the biomass samples, the increased heating rate resulted in the overlap of the hemicellulose and cellulose degradation events.

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