scholarly journals Comparison between Thin Prep® Preparation (Liquid Based Cytology) and Conventional Pap Smears of Cervical Smear Cytology Lesions – A Study from Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 1611-1615
Author(s):  
Premalatha A. ◽  
Velayutham Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Pap Method

BACKGROUND The major cause of mortality among women is cancer of the uterine cervix. It is the second most common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is done as a method of cervical screening to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Early detection of these lesions prevent the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Liquid based cervical cytology was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pap smears. The main purpose of this study was to compare the profile of distribution of cervical smear cytology lesions obtained by thin prep preparation (liquid based cytology) and conventional pap method among women in the age group of 25 – 60 yrs. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among 110 women from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conventional and liquid based cytology smears were taken simultaneously from the same women and reported according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS Majority of the women included in this study fall in the age group of 41 - 50 years [65 (59.1 %)]. Women with a history of persistant vaginal infection were 13 (11.8 %). Out of the 110 pap smears taken by both conventional and liquid based methods, unsatisfactory smears were not detected in liquid based cytology and 6 (5.5 %) unsatisfactory smears were found in conventional pap method. In liquid based cytology, inflammatory smears were detected more (80 %), atrophic smears (2.7 %), smears with features of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 4.5 %, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were 3.6 %, and smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 0.9 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found to be high in liquid based cytology. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal epithelial lesions were detected more in liquid based cytology (thin prep method). The number of unsatisfactory smears were found to be decreased when compared to conventional pap method. KEY WORDS Bethesda Cervical Cytology, Cervical intraepithelial lesion, Conventional Pap Smear, Liquid Based Cytology Smear

AN INSTITUTION-BASED DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY IN PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Devendu Bose ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Bejoy Chand Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world. It accounts for 9%-13% of all cancers in females. Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death among women in developing countries. Aim: To study the role of Pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix; and to determine the prevalence of various lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in pathology department of Shaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand from January 2017 to December 2020 on patients meeting the mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 3591 Pap smears were studied with respect to age group, clinical signs and symptoms, and cytology ndings. Most of the patients were in age group of 31–40 (44.30%) years. The Pap smear ndings revealed 35.90% as mild dysplasia (Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion- LSIL/CIN-I) , 14.81% as moderate to severe dysplasia (High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL/CIN-II,CIN-III), 0.29% as invasive carcinoma(suspected) besides 51% showed Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy ( Inammatory lesion as 44.70% and 6.30% as normal cytology. Mean age of the patients with diagnosis of LSIL was 30.3 years and for HSIL, it was 39.5 years. Conclusion: Premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix are not uncommon in our set up and cervical cytology by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions. Nonspecic inammation and Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were most common nding among different age groups.

scholarly journals Pattern of cervical biopsy results in cases with cervical cytology interpreted as higher than low grade in the background with atrophic cellular changes

CytoJournal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilan Li ◽  
Olubunmi Shoyele ◽  
Vinod B. Shidham
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Objective: The cytomorphological changes associated with atrophic cellular pattern (ACP) in cervical cytology smears may mimic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Due to this, there may be higher chances of cytomorphological overinterpretation in cases with ACP. Estrogen therapy (ET) (topical or systemic) would reverse the changes related to atrophy and repeat Pap smear after ET should correct the false positives. This approach would minimize the unindicated invasive interventions. However, performing immediate biopsies following “higher than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions-cannot exclude HSIL, and HSIL) interpretations” in such cases, is a general trend. Pap smears with “higher than LSIL interpretations” in association with ACP over a period of 10 years were selected. Materials and Methods: A total of 657,871 cases over 10 years were reviewed, of which 188 Pap smears interpreted as higher than LSIL interpretations with ACP were selected randomly for this study. Result: Of these 188 cases, 67 underwent biopsies which were reviewed and compared with 67 biopsies performed for “higher than LSIL interpretation” cases without ACP. The follow-up biopsy material was reviewed including elective p16 immunohistochemistry with other clinical details including high-risk HPV test results as indicated. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that Pap smears with ACP have higher false positives due to tendency for cytomorphologic overinterpretation as compared to non-ACP group.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Ghimire ◽  
Durga BC Rawat ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Kamar Jahan ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common health problem in Nepal. There is paucity of data regarding the spectrum of findings in cervical Pap in western Nepal. This study was aimed to study the cytological patterns in cervical Pap smears in patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study. Clinical features of patients who had presented with Pap smear was noted in a structured proforma. Pap smears were studied by a senior pathologist and reported based on revised Bethesda system (2014). Results: Most of the cases belonged to 31-40 years 399 (42.8%). Unsatisfactory/ inadequate sample was present in 133(14.05%) with obscuration due to inflammatory exudate being most common cause. Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy rate was noted in 798 (85.54%) with 477(51.2%) being normal findings. Epithelial cell abnormalities were noted in 116 (14.5 %) smears. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion constituted 321(34.5%), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 273(29.3 %) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 153(16.4%) of epithelial cell abnormalities. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 9(1%) of all reviewed smears. There was no statistical significance between the age and abnormalities of Pap smear (p=0.9). Conclusions: Pap smear is pivotal in cervical cancer screening in developing countries. It also identifies various inflammatory, infective, benign and malignant pathologies at the earliest thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pudasaini ◽  
KBR Prasad ◽  
SK Rauniyar ◽  
R Pathak ◽  
K Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide and most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. Papanicolaou smear is a simple and cost effective screening test for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The interpretation and reporting of the pap smear is based on 2001Bethesda system.Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of two and a half years (January 2013 to June 2015). All cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology in the study period were included.Results: A total of 4160 cervical pap smears were reported in the study period. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (87.9%). Bacterial vaginosis, atrophy and reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were seen in 5.3%, 2.4% and 1.5% cases respectively.   Epithelial cell abnormalities (0.5%) include Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and High grade intraepithelial lesion. 88% of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was seen in reproductive age group (20-45 years).Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap smear is the simple and cost effective screening tool to detect pre invasive cervical epithelial lesions.

scholarly journals Correlation of Epithelial Cell Abnormality in Cervical Cytology with Cervical Histology

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Richa Shrestha ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Nirmala Sharma ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide and third most common cancer in Nepal. Conventional Pap smear is the most widely used screening tool for detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Cytohistological correlation of Pap smear is a widely accepted method for analysis of various factors leading to discrepancies in diagnosis and internal quality assurance. Aims: To study the cytohistological correlation of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. Methods: This is a hospital based prospective cross sectional study carried out at Department of Pathology, NGMC, Kohalpur, Nepal from August 2018 to January 2020. The study included 137 cases of Pap smear with epithelial cell abnormality and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings. Results: The age of patients ranged from 20-80 years with the number of cases seen in the range of 30-39 years (n=44; 32.1%). Whitish discharge per vaginum was most common presenting symptom.  High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was the most common abnormal finding in Pap smear with a frequency of 40 (29.1%) cases. Out of 137 cases of Pap smear 57 (41.6%) cases showed discrepancies in cervical biopsy. All cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were correctly diagnosed by Pap smear. The overall sensitivity of smear test was 84%. After evaluating cytohistological correlation, the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was found to be 100% for SCC, 52% for HSIL and 59% for Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Conclusion: The current study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and biopsy in Pap smear showing epithelial cell abnormalities. Thus, cytology and histology are complementary to each other and helps to reduce discrepancies.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY AND CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Conventional Cytology ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

INTRODUCTION: This high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced by an approach that includes prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programmes. There are currently vaccines that protect against common cancer-causing types of human papilloma virus and can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. in low socioeconomic or developing countries where screening programmes are not available, diagnosing cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced at around mid-1990s as an alternative technique to process the cervical samples. After that most of the developed countries has switched from conventional Pap smear to LBC. LBC has been proposed to be beneficial than Pap smear because of less number of unsatisfactory smears MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprises of 287 cervical samples from women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1 year.  Samples were taken and divided into two parts by split-sample technique.  Material was taken from the fornix, portio, and endocervix from all women. Slides for conventional cytology and LBC were stained according to the Pap method. LBC was considered representative if the slide contained >5000 epithelial cells. Endocervical cells were considered present if the slide contained ≥2 groups of glandular/metaplastic cells with ≥5 cells each or if the slide contained ≥10 dissociated glandular/metaplastic cells RESULTS: 287 patients were included in the study. Epithelial cell abnormality was observed in 10 cases in conventional smear while in LBC it was 11. In conventional smear pap report of Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 21,193, 21, 46 and 10 cases respectively. In LBC pap report Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 15,214, 22, 44 and 13 cases respectively. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 10 (3.5%) cases by both the methods. Of these 10 cases low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was observed in 2 cases, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in one case, Squamous cell carcinoma in one case and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: There was a similar detection rate of epithelial abnormalities and infections in both the methods. US rate of CPS was 7.3% and 5.2% for LBC. Thus LBC can be a superior test as compared to conventional pap smear but has to reconsidered in the low-resource setting.

scholarly journals Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical Pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Ranabhat ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
M Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women in Nepal. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 880 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Chitwan Medical College in Chitwan, Nepal. The time period was from June 2009 to November 2010. Results: In this study, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the most common with 6 cases (40%), followed by Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with 3 cases (20%), then Atypical Squamous Epithelial Cells of Undetermined Significance, and atypical Glandular Cells and Squamous cell carcinoma with 2 cases each (13.3%). Eighty per cent of all the abnormal epithelial lesions were found in women above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: At least one Pap screening test of the cervix of all women between the ages of 40-50 years is recommended. Keywords: Pap smear; Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion; Squamous cell carcinoma. DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4447Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 30-33

scholarly journals Cytohistological Correlation of Cervical PAP Smears - A TwoYear Retrospective Study from Ongole, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 1659-1663
Author(s):  
Rajavarapu Rajeswari ◽  
Kancharla Sushma Chandulee ◽  
Kona Suneetha ◽  
Boddu Penchala Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Undetermined Significance

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. In India it is the second most common cancer after breast carcinoma. PAP smear is the best screening method to reveal spectrum of lesions in cervix ranging from inflammatory to the neoplastic process. Because of easy accessibility of cervix, cervical screening is helpful for ready diagnosis of 90 % to 96 % cytological abnormalities even in the pre-invasive stage. We wanted to evaluate the importance of PAP smear examination as a preliminary method accommodating histopathology and assess the spectrum of lesions. METHODS The study was done to identify the target age groups for the early detection of cancerous cervix by PAP smear examination. The study was done on patients who attended government general hospital (GGH), Ongole, from January 2018 to December 2019. Lesions were categorized based on 2014 Bethesda system as negative intraepithelial lesion for malignancy (NILM) / Inflammatory, benign, premalignant, and malignant. The clinicocytological and histopathological examination (HPE) of cervical biopsy of corresponding smears were compared and analysed in the present study. RESULTS Of the 584 cases studied by PAP smear examination, maximum number of patients were between 21 and 60 years of age. Maximum number of patients came with the complaint of white discharge. Highest number of cases reported were NILM / inflammatory (54.18 %), followed by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (20.68 %), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (13.84 %), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (6.84 %), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (1.65 %), metaplasia (1.19 %), atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) (0.51 %), adenocarcinoma (0.17 %). CONCLUSIONS Cervical PAP smear screening is simple, cost effective and reliable method for early detection of cervical cancers. Classification of lesions based on Bethesda terminology is most informative and useful. Correlation of PAP smear cervical cytology with gold standard HPE provides greater efficacy in diagnosis. KEYWORDS PAP smears, NILM, ASCUS, AGUS, LSIL, HSIL

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS AS PER BETHESDA SYSTEM IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Arpita Ajmera ◽  
Dr. Mohini Kucheria ◽  
Dr. Vivek Kathed ◽  
Dr. Taiba Farooque ◽  
Dr. Nidhi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Bethesda System

Background: The value of exfoliative cervical cytology is undisputed today.  Most studies focus on the application of pap smears to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions but pap smears are also significant in detecting inflammatory lesions and etiology wherever possible which can help the clinician in the management and prevent further dysplasias. Aim & Objectives: To find out the prevalence of various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of cervix as per the Bethesda system 2014 and to find out the etiology of inflammation wherever possible. Methodology: This study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2017 to January 2018. 1518 pap smears received in the Department of Cytology were stained with pap stain & reported according to 'The 2014 Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology'. Results: 1518 pap smears were screened in which 28 (1.8%) smears were unsatisfactory for evaluation and 1490 (98.2%) were satisfactory. NILM was the predominant finding seen in 1473(98.86%) smears. Among the specific infections, the most common was bacterial vaginosis in 128 (8.59%) smears, trichomonas vaginalis in 10 (0.67%), candida infection in 7 (0.47%) smears and 26 (1.75%) smears showed reactive changes associated with inflammation. Atrophic changes were found in 50 (3.36%) cases. Epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 17 (1.17%) cases in which 9 (0.6%) cases were reported as ASCUS, 2 (0.13%) cases as LSIL and HSIL was seen in 1 (0.07%) case. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was diagnosed in 4 (0.27%) cases and Adenocarcinoma in 1 (0.07%) case. Conclusion: Cervical cytology is a simple and cost effective test and should be established as a routine diagnostic aid. Keywords: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), Bethesda System, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM),  Papanicolaou smears.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and cytological aspects of the cervix in women from the Diourbel region (Senegal) cervical smear screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4356
Author(s):  
Amadou Ndiade ◽  
Ibou Thiam ◽  
Abdou Karim Diallo ◽  
Ange Lucien Diatta ◽  
Fabrice Senghor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
The Mean

Background: Objectives of the study were to record the results of uterine cervical smear tests of women in the Diourbel region to compare epidemiological data with the results of uterine cervical smear tests.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 201 satisfactory cervical smears performed in the period from 01 December 2018 to 01 December 2019 at the laboratory of the regional hospital Henrich Lubcke of Diourbel. All women with a satisfactory smear were included in our study, so we classified patients according to age and parity.Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.41 years with a standard deviation of 11.51 years. The extremes were 15 and 64 years. The age group (30-40 years) was in the majority at 32.34%. Multiparous patients were in the majority, accounting for 43.28%. The cervix was macroscopically healthy in 61.19% of patients and inflammatory in 12.94%. There was 18.41% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) accounted for 1% of smears. A statistically significant relationship existed between parity and smear result with p˂0.01.Conclusions: Cervical cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in women and the smear remains the safest and most effective means of prevention.

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