scholarly journals Diagnostic Efficacy of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in a Rural Industrial Hospital in Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 2244-2248
Author(s):  
Alka Upreti ◽  
Kumari Pratima
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
X Ray

BACKGROUND The incidence of lung carcinomas is on rise and it is the second most common cause of death due to carcinomas in the West. Due to rise in air pollutants other lung diseases are also on rise. The use of cytological methods in the diagnosis of pathological lesions of respiratory tract has been generally acclaimed as one of its most successful application. Flexible fibre optic bronchoscope revolutionised respiratory cytology because techniques like broncho alveolar lavage, brush cytology, bronchial biopsy, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) have become easier and more acceptable, shifting the emphasis from advanced inoperable malignancy to use of cytology as first line diagnostic and management tool. Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) which was originally developed as a therapeutic tool for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis and intractable asthma also has gained acceptance and steady popularity as a tool for diagnosis of lung pathology. We wanted to analyse BAL examined in the Department of Pathology, Nehru Shatabdi Chikitsalaya (NSC), NCL and establish its utility as a diagnostic tool in our setup and reduce referral to higher centres. METHODS 36 BAL samples were examined from August 2006 to December 2007. Bronchoscopy was performed by ENT specialists among all patients who were not relieved by the medical treatment and their X-ray lung showed some findings, as an outdoor procedure. Patients were asked to come in an empty stomach, and X-ray chest was done before bronchoscopy. All bronchoscopies were performed under local anaesthesia (LA) except for a 2 yrs. old child. BAL fluid was subjected to cytological studies and Ziehl-Neelsen staining wherever required. RESULTS Out of 36 cases, nonspecific inflammation was seen in 13 cases, tuberculosis in 8 cases, where in three samples of sputum were negative for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) and BAL showed bacteria in many fields. Two cases were found to have aspergillosis, to rule out contamination, serum antibodies against aspergillosis were estimated which was very high ruling out contamination. Out of 8 cases of malignancy one was metastasis from mature teratoma testis. Two cases of adenocarcinoma (both females) and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma were found, in one case of adenocarcinoma and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), BAL was found negative. No history was available regarding tobacco smoking in females with adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Study of BAL obtained by simple non-invasive technique has improved the diagnostic accuracy of lung diseases. Carcinomas can be diagnosed at an early operable stage. The combination of BAL with brush cytology increases the accuracy. To conclude, in all bronchoscopic examination BAL should be performed and should be subjected to microscopic examination irrespective of the age of patient. KEY WORDS Fiberoptic Bronchoscope, Lung, BAL, Tuberculosis, Adenocarcinoma Lung, SCC Lung

scholarly journals Clinical analysis of 12 cases of ovarian cystic mature teratoma with malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052098154
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Yan Kong ◽  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Zhumei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Palpable Mass

Objective This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors in 12 cases of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO). Methods We performed a retrospective study of 12 patients with malignant transformation of MCTO who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2003 to 2019. We examined case records, clinical parameters, and biological assessments. Results The median age of the patients was 56.5 years and seven of them were postmenopausal. The average tumor size was 18.5 cm. All patients had pelvic masses at their first hospital visit. Nine of the patients had discomfort in the lower abdomen, two presented with a lower abdominal palpable mass, and three were complicated by fever. The median follow-up time was 73 months (12‒193 months). Ten patients survived with a disease-free status and two died. Conclusions There is a low incidence of malignant transformation of MCTO, and its most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Age and tumor size are important factors in malignant transformation of teratomas. While there is a lack of treatment guidelines for malignant transformation of MCTO, early diagnosis and treatment may be beneficial for these patients.

Knockdown of RNF2 enhances the radiosensitivity of squamous cell carcinoma in lung

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Jinlei Guan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stable Transfectants

A previous study has reported that knockdown of RING finger protein 2 (RNF2) increases the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of RNF2 knockdown on radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) remains unknown. For this, NCI-H226 and SK-MES-1 cells were exposed to X-ray irradiation and then RNF2 levels were determined. RNF2 was knocked-down and stable transfectants were selected. Radiosensitivity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and γ-H2AX foci formation were evaluated. Interaction among ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), and H2AX were examined. Xenograft models were used to explore the effect of RNF2 knockdown on radiosensitivity in vivo. The results showed that RNF2 expression was significantly increased by X-ray irradiation. RNF2 knockdown combined with X-ray irradiation markedly inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, RNF2 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of SqCC cells, inhibited irradiation-induced γ-H2AX foci formation, and impaired the interactions among ATM, MDC1, and H2AX. Furthermore, combination of RNF2 knockdown and X-ray irradiation suppressed tumor growth and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. RNF2 may be a new therapeutic target to enhance the radiosensitivity of SqCC cells in lung.

Advantages and difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaroula Divani ◽  
Maria Exarhou ◽  
Theodorou Leonidas-Nectarios ◽  
Dimitrios Georgantzis ◽  
Haralambos Skoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Oral Cytology

Background: Early oral cancer is asymptomatic and highly curable, but unfortunately most cancers are advanced by the time when they are discovered, so the mortality is relatively high. The aim of this study was to refer the advantages as well as the difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer. Methods: Cytological smears obtained from of the oral mucosa of 36 patients were evaluated. The materials were taken with a cytobrush by scraping the surface of the suspected lesions, fixed with cytospray fixative and stained with the Papanicolaou method, whereas the residual was prepared by the liquid-based technique Thin-Prep 2000. Results: There were 29 inflammatory and mild dysplastic lesions, three cases with mild dysplasia only and two cases with severe dysplasia possible carcinoma. Another two showed squamous cell carcinoma. Histological examination of possible malignant and malignant cases showed well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, so wide excisions were performed. Conclusion: Oral cytology is well accepted by the patient and attractive option for the early diagnosis of the oral cancer. It is useful when the lesion is large or multiple or the patients refuse biopsy. However there are factors that contribute to a false negative diagnosis such as the selection of the site of biopsy, necrosis, blood crusting, lack of adequate training, and the fact that malignant features of squamous cell carcinoma can be subtle resembling dysplasia.

scholarly journals Association of Polymorphisms in X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 1 Gene and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Chinese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Yun ◽  
Li-Ping Dai ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Kai-Juan Wang ◽  
Jian-Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population ◽  
X Ray

Objectives. To investigate the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the X-ray repair cross complementing 1 gene (XRCC1) and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Chinese population.Methods. A case-control study including 381 primary ESCC patients recruited from hospital and 432 normal controls matched with patients by age and gender from Chinese Han population was conducted. The genotypes of threeXRCC1polymorphisms at −77T>C (T-77C), codon 194 (Arg194Trp), and codon 399 (Arg399Gln) were studied by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques (PCR-RFLP). Unconditional logistic regression model and haplotype analysis were used to estimate associations of these three SNPs inXRCC1gene with ESCC risk.Results. Polymorphisms at these three sites inXRCC1gene were not found to be associated with risk for developing ESCC; however the haplotypeCcodon 194Gcodon 399C-77T>Cwas significantly associated with reduced risk of ESCC (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.96) upon haplotype analysis.Conclusion. These results suggested that the gene-gene interactions might play vital roles in the progression on esophageal cancer in Chinese Han population and it would be necessary to confirm these findings in a large and multiethnic population.

Effectiveness of X-ray and computed tomography screening for assessing pulmonary involvement in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C L Leong ◽  
F Javed ◽  
S Elliot ◽  
S Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the benefits of chest computed tomography and X-ray as screening tools in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, to determine the incidence of lung metastases or synchronous pulmonary lesions, and to evaluate factors associated with positive radiological findings.Design:Five-year, retrospective survey of all newly diagnosed cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Results:We included 102 patients (63 men and 39 women), with a mean age of 67 years (range 33–91 years). The incidence of pulmonary involvement was 17 per cent. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography were 100 and 89.8 per cent, respectively. For chest X-ray, the sensitivity was 35.7 per cent and the specificity 92.7 per cent. The accuracy of computed tomography was 91.5 per cent and that of chest X-ray 83.1 per cent. There was a clear correlation between higher nodal stage and larger tumour with the development of distant metastases. In patients with a positive chest computed tomography scan, 86 per cent had T3or T4tumours, in contrast to 38 per cent of those with a negative chest scan (p < 0.05). In addition, 71 per cent of patients with positive findings had N2or N3nodal disease, compared with 29 per cent of those with negative findings (p < 0.05).Conclusion:There is currently no consensus on the use of chest X-ray and computer tomography for screening newly diagnosed cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We recommend routine scanning of high-staged head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines should be reappraised.

X-ray radiation promotes the metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulation of biomechanical and cytoskeletal properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 894-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Zheng ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
HJ Zhou ◽  
YT Du ◽  
BP Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Induced

This study investigated the metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells after X-ray irradiation as well as radiation-induced changes in the biomechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure that are relevant to metastasis. Tca-8113 TSCC cells were X-ray-irradiated at increasing doses (0, 1, 2, or 4 Gy), and 24 h later, migration was evaluated with the wound healing and transwell migration assays, while invasion was assessed with the Matrigel invasion assay. Confocal and atomic force microscopy were used to examine changes in the structure of the actin cytoskeleton and Young’s modulus (cell stiffness), respectively. X-ray radiation induced dose-dependent increases in invasive and migratory potentials of cells relative to unirradiated control cells ( p < 0.05). The Young’s modulus of irradiated cells was decreased by radiation exposure ( p < 0.05), which was accompanied by alterations in the integrity and organization of the cytoskeletal network, as evidenced by a decrease in the signal intensity of actin fibers ( p < 0.05). X-ray irradiation enhanced migration and invasiveness in Tca-8113 TSCC cells by altering their biomechanical properties and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. A biomechanics-based analysis can provide an additional platform for assessing tumor response to radiation and optimization of cancer therapies.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature teratoma with metastasis to the urinary bladder

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Isoda ◽  
H Setoh ◽  
A Oka ◽  
Y Itagaki ◽  
S.K Ha-Kawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mature Teratoma
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